scholarly journals Longitudinal Analysis of Socioecological Obesogenic Factors in a National Sample of U.S. Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeeung Kim ◽  
JUNHYE KWON ◽  
Chung Gun Lee ◽  
Chang-Yong Jang
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
A Priori ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background: Childhood obesity is a serious public health threat. Although many researchers conducted research on socioecological determinants of childhood obesity, their longitudinal effects remain inconclusive especially among young children. This study examined socioecological factors and associated transitions of children’s body mass index (BMI) status throughout children’s kindergarten to elementary school years, using data from a national longitudinal sample.Methods: The baseline sample of this study included 1,264 children (weighted N=379,297) extracted from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (baseline mean age: 5.24 years). The socioecological framework guided selection of socioecological obesogenic variables (e.g., family activity and parental involvement). Longitudinal ordered logistic regressions were performed to determine the associations between socioecological obesogenic variables and unhealthy/healthy changes in BMI status that captured transitions between healthy and unhealthy weight status (i.e., overweight, obesity, and severe obesity).Results: Children with Hispanic ethnicity and nonwhite race, less socioeconomic and environmental support, and living in households with fewer family members were more likely than their counterparts to have unhealthy BMI status changes over time (all ps<0.05). Over the study period, girls were more likely than boys to experience transitions to unhealthy BMI status (all ps<0.05).Conclusion: As hypothesized a priori, the findings of the current affirmed multiple dimensions of how sociological obesogenic factors may influence children’s BMI status changes in a longitudinal setting. In order to maintain children’s long-term healthy weight, more attention should be paid to socioeconomic obesogenic factors surrounding children as well as individual determinants of obesity (e.g., being physically active and having well-balanced nutrition).

scholarly journals Longitudinal analysis of Socioecological obesogenic factors in a National Sample of U.S. children

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
TaeEung Kim ◽  
Junhye Kwon ◽  
Chung Gun Lee ◽  
Chang-Yong Jang
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
A Priori ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Childhood obesity is a serious public health threat. Although many researchers conducted research on socioecological determinants of childhood obesity, their longitudinal effects remain inconclusive especially among young children. This study examined socioecological factors and associated transitions of children’s body mass index (BMI) status throughout children’s kindergarten to elementary school years, using data from a national longitudinal sample. Methods The baseline sample of this study included 1264 children (weighted N = 379,297) extracted from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (baseline mean age: 5.24 years). The socioecological framework guided selection of socioecological obesogenic variables (e.g., family activity and parental involvement). Longitudinal ordered logistic regressions were performed to determine the associations between socioecological obesogenic variables and unhealthy/healthy changes in BMI status that captured transitions between healthy and unhealthy weight status (i.e., overweight, obesity, and severe obesity). Results Children with Hispanic ethnicity and nonwhite, less socioeconomic and environmental support, and living in households with fewer family members were more likely than their counterparts to have unhealthy BMI status changes over time (all ps < 0.05). Over the study period, girls were less likely than boys to experience transitions to unhealthy BMI status (all ps < 0.05). Conclusion As hypothesized a priori, the findings of the current affirmed multiple dimensions of how sociological obesogenic factors may influence children’s BMI status changes in a longitudinal setting. In order to maintain children’s long-term healthy weight, more attention should be paid to socioeconomic obesogenic factors surrounding children as well as individual determinants of obesity (e.g., being physically active and having well-balanced nutrition).

scholarly journals Longitudinal Analysis of Socioecological Obesogenic Factors in a National Sample of U.S. Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeeung Kim ◽  
JUNHYE KWON ◽  
Chung Gun Lee ◽  
Chang-Yong Jang
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
A Priori ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background: Childhood obesity is a serious public health threat. Although many researchers conducted research on socioecological determinants of childhood obesity, their longitudinal effects remain inconclusive especially among young children. This study examined socioecological factors and associated transitions of children’s body mass index (BMI) status throughout children’s kindergarten to elementary school years, using data from a national longitudinal sample.Methods: The baseline sample of this study included 1,264 children (weighted N=379,297) extracted from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (baseline mean age: 5.24 years). The socioecological framework guided selection of socioecological obesogenic variables (e.g., family activity and parental involvement). Longitudinal ordered logistic regressions were performed to determine the associations between socioecological obesogenic variables and unhealthy/healthy changes in BMI status that captured transitions between healthy and unhealthy weight status (i.e., overweight, obesity, and severe obesity).Results: Children with Hispanic ethnicity and nonwhite, less socioeconomic and environmental support, and living in households with fewer family members were more likely than their counterparts to have unhealthy BMI status changes over time (all ps<0.05). Over the study period, girls were less likely than boys to experience transitions to unhealthy BMI status (all ps<0.05).Conclusion: As hypothesized a priori, the findings of the current affirmed multiple dimensions of how sociological obesogenic factors may influence children’s BMI status changes in a longitudinal setting. In order to maintain children’s long-term healthy weight, more attention should be paid to socioeconomic obesogenic factors surrounding children as well as individual determinants of obesity (e.g., being physically active and having well-balanced nutrition).

scholarly journals Diet, weight status, and physical activity in cancer prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
Slimane Mehdad ◽  
Saida Mansour ◽  
Hassan Aguenaou ◽  
Khalid Taghzouti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Cancer is a multifactorial disease involving individual, behavioral and environmental factors that can contribute to its onset. More than 40% of cancers are estimated to be attributable to avoidable risk factors, particularly diet, physical activity, weight status, and alcohol consumption. Aim: To provide insight into the role of weight status, diet, and physical activity in cancer causation and prevention, and to highlight evidence-based recommendations. Material and methods: A literature review of published studies, particularly recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and large prospective studies was conducted using PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Results: There is evidence that diets high in red and processed meats, fat and refined carbohydrates, and low in plant foods such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, high consumption of alcohol, overweight/obesity, and physical inactivity are associated with increased risk of tumor development and progression. Therefore, the current recommendations for cancer prevention are based on: (1) eating at least five portions (400g) of vegetables (3 portions) and fruits (2 portions); (2) limiting the consumption of alcohol and unhealthy foods such as red and processed meats, energy-dense foods, and trans-fatty acids; (3) maintaining a healthy weight status; and (4) being at least moderately physically active. Conclusion: While a balanced diet, as defined by the recommendations, can help reduce the risk of certain cancers, no single food can prevent the development of this pathology. The term "anticancer" associated with diet is therefore misleading. Several nutritional factors are associated with an increase or a decrease in the risk of certain cancers. Adopting a healthy and plant-based diets, avoiding overweight/obesity, and being physically active are considered as cornerstones of preventive strategies against cancer. Further studies are needed to elucidate the associations between dietary and lifestyle patterns and cancer. Keywords: Cancer, Diet, Weight status, Overweight, Obesity, Physical activity.

scholarly journals Diet, weight status, and physical activity in cancer prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
Slimane Mehdad ◽  
Saida Mansour ◽  
Hassan Aguenaou ◽  
Khalid Taghzouti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Cancer is a multifactorial disease involving individual, behavioral and environmental factors that can contribute to its onset. More than 40% of cancers are estimated to be attributable to avoidable risk factors, particularly diet, physical activity, weight status, and alcohol consumption. Aim: To provide insight into the role of weight status, diet, and physical activity in cancer causation and prevention, and to highlight evidence-based recommendations. Material and methods: A literature review of published studies, particularly recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and large prospective studies was conducted using PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Results: There is evidence that diets high in red and processed meats, fat and refined carbohydrates, and low in plant foods such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, high consumption of alcohol, overweight/obesity, and physical inactivity are associated with increased risk of tumor development and progression. Therefore, the current recommendations for cancer prevention are based on: (1) eating at least five portions (400g) of vegetables (3 portions) and fruits (2 portions); (2) limiting the consumption of alcohol and unhealthy foods such as red and processed meats, energy-dense foods, and trans-fatty acids; (3) maintaining a healthy weight status; and (4) being at least moderately physically active. Conclusion: While a balanced diet, as defined by the recommendations, can help reduce the risk of certain cancers, no single food can prevent the development of this pathology. The term "anticancer" associated with diet is therefore misleading. Several nutritional factors are associated with an increase or a decrease in the risk of certain cancers. Adopting a healthy and plant-based diets, avoiding overweight/obesity, and being physically active are considered as cornerstones of preventive strategies against cancer. Further studies are needed to elucidate the associations between dietary and lifestyle patterns and cancer. ​Keywords: Cancer, Diet, Weight status, Overweight, Obesity, Physical activity.

scholarly journals Age relative height, weight and body mass index percentiles of children in Jos, North-Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Ovayoza O. Mosugu ◽  
Francis Shinku ◽  
Jacob C. Nyam ◽  
Emmanuel S. Mador
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
North Central ◽  
The Mean

Background: Interpretation of body mass index in children is quite different from that in adults which use standard weight status categories that are the same for all ages and for both men and women. Aims and Objective: The study was aimed at determining the prevalence of childhood obesity in Jos. Materials and Methods: A total of 371 children were enrolled in the study. Weight was taken with only light clothing and without foot wears. Height obtained without head-gears or shoes and the measuring flat tops pressed down to avoid errors due to tall hair. Body mass index were calculated for each subject as ratio of body weight to body height. All data were analyzed statistically and separately for different ages and the mean values for height against age, weight against age, height against weight and BMI for age was obtained with centiles of absolute deviations from the mean. Results: The age of the studied population ranged from 3 – 14 years with mean of 8.4 ± 2.8. Height of the children on the other hand ranged from 0.9 – 1.64 meters with mean value of 1.26 ± 0.15 and their weight ranged from 10 – 76 kg with mean value of 25.6 ± 9.2. Out of the 371 children studied, 14 (3.8%) were found to be underweight, 302 (81.4%) had healthy weight while 41 (11%) were at risk of overweight and 14 (3.8%) were overweight. In addition, the body mass index of girls was found to be significantly higher than those of boys at 12 and 13 years only. Conclusion: It is concluded that the prevalence of childhood obesity is high in Jos, North-central Nigeria.

Developing the capacity of general practice staff to support healthier weight status in children

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp18X697037
Author(s):  
Raheelah Ahmad ◽  
Vida Cunningham ◽  
Bimpe Oki ◽  
Fiona Sim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Care Pathway ◽  
Overweight Child ◽  
Healthy Weight

BackgroundLambeth has implemented a healthy weight care pathway including capacity building of multi-agency staff. Successes include being the only borough in the country to see statistical reductions in childhood obesity over 5 years; but the challenge of 39.2% of 10–11-year olds leaving primary school as overweight/obese persists. When families approach GPs to validate the National Child Measurement Programme feedback, challenges include interpretation and explanation of body mass index (BMI). GPs have also felt uncomfortable raising the issue in routine consultations.AimTo understand potential enablers to raising the issue of unhealthy weight in children in general practice.Method70 staff (GPs 58%; Nurses 25%; GP registrar/trainee 7%; and HCA/other 10%) completed a bespoke childhood obesity capacity building workshop (accredited by the Royal College of GPs). Using scenario-based activities and end of session written questionnaire we gathered: knowledge and perceptions of weight measures, role of diet, nutrition and physical activity, as well as current blocks and potential enablers for brief intervention.ResultsLess than 5% of participants were able to identify a very overweight child by visual inspection. Confidence in raising the issue was reported due to enhanced knowledge of energy intake, physical activity and provision of a BMI wheel (40%), new ways of raising the issue (30%), understanding of supportive services in Lambeth (30%).ConclusionSupportive measures identified within a whole systems approach including role of schools, government, public health and the CCG are informing future planning.

scholarly journals Sleep duration, physical activity, and caloric intake are related to weight status in Mexican American children: a longitudinal analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Martinez ◽  
E. Blanco ◽  
J. M. Tschann ◽  
N. F. Butte ◽  
M. A. Grandner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background Obesity is a serious issue, spanning all ages, and, in the U.S., disproportionately affects Latinos and African Americans. Understanding sleep, physical activity and dietary behaviors that may predict childhood obesity can help identify behavioral intervention targets. Methods Data were drawn from a U.S. cohort study of 323 Mexican American 8–10-year-old children and their mothers, who participated in a longitudinal study over a 2-year period. Measures were collected at baseline (BL; child mean age = 8.87, SD = 0.83), year 1 (FU1) and year 2 (FU2). Mothers reported on household income and acculturation at BL. Child height and weight were collected and BMI z-scores (BMIz) were calculated for weight status at BL, FU1, and FU2. Accelerometer-estimated sleep duration (hours) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; minutes) were collected across 3 days at BL, FU1, and FU2. Two 24-h dietary recalls were performed at each time point; from these, average energy intake (EI, kcals/day) was estimated. Cross-lagged panel analysis was used to examine behavioral predictors on BMIz at each time point and across time. Results At BL and FU1, longer sleep duration (β = − 0.22, p < 0.001; β = − 0.17, p < 0.05, respectively) and greater MVPA (β = − 0.13, p < 0.05; β = − 0.20, p < 0.01, respectively) were concurrently related to lower BMIz. At FU2, longer sleep duration (β = − 0.18, p < 0.01) was concurrently related to lower BMIz, whereas greater EI (β = 0.16, p < 0.01) was related to higher BMIz. Longer sleep duration at BL predicted lower BMIz at FU1 (β = − 0.05, p < 0.01). Conclusions Longer sleep duration was concurrently related to lower weight status at each time point from ages 8–10 to 10–12. Higher MVPA was concurrently related to lower weight status in earlier childhood (ages 8–10 and 9–11) and higher EI was concurrently related to higher weight status toward the end of childhood (ages 10–12 years). Furthermore, longer sleep in earlier childhood was protective of children’s lower weight status 1 year later. These findings suggest that sleep duration plays a consistent and protective role against childhood obesity; in addition, MVPA and healthy EI remain important independent factors for obtaining a healthy weight.

scholarly journals Addressing childhood obesity - Are we doing enough?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Borg ◽  
D Cauchi ◽  
N Calleja ◽  
C Gauci
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Food System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health

Abstract Background The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide, with Malta having one of the highest rates among European countries. Childhood obesity is likely to track into adulthood, and can have multiple physical and psychological health outcomes. It also causes a substantial economic burden on society. A cross-sectional study that aimed to identify barriers to maintaining a healthy weight among children attending primary school, and to assess the level of support for a range of policies aimed at addressing childhood obesity as expressed by their parents/guardians, was conducted in Malta. Methods Data were collected using a paper-based questionnaire that was distributed to a stratified random sample of parents whose children attended free State schools, subsidised Church schools and fee-paying Independent primary schools in Malta and Gozo in 2018. Data were analysed using SPSSv25. Results Responses from 1169 parents were received. There was a dissonance between the most common barriers identified, that were primarily related to the food environment, and the policies that received the most support. Providing more spaces for safe physical activity was the most supported policy (94% in favour). Participants were least supportive of taxation policies, a phenomenon also observed in other countries. The level of support for policies varied significantly by various demographic and socioeconomic factors. Conclusions Recommendations were developed to inform future policies and strategies to address obesity. Policymakers need to take bold, possibly controversial decisions to mitigate against the barriers faced by the population in accessing healthy food and being physically active. Given the globalised nature of media advertising and the food system, a joint international effort is necessary to address this epidemic, such as stricter audio-visual media advertising regulations, food reformulation and mandatory standardised food labels. Key messages The majority of participants supported most of the proposed policies to address obesity. Taxation policies received the least support. Most policies supported are trans-sectoral, therefore a health-in-all policies approach and international collaboration are necessary.

scholarly journals Is Foundational Movement Skill Competency Important for Keeping Children Physically Active and at a Healthy Weight?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Foulkes ◽  
Zoe Knowles ◽  
Stuart J. Fairclough ◽  
Gareth Stratton ◽  
Mareesa V. O’Dwyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Deprived Areas

This longitudinal study examines the associations between foundational movement skills (FMS) competency, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and weight status among children (n = 75) attending preschools in deprived areas from early to late childhood. Twelve FMS were assessed using the Children’s Activity and Movement in Preschool Motor Skills Protocol and video analysis. Physical activity was measured via hip-mounted accelerometry. Data was collected over a five-year period, with Baseline Follow Up data collected between 2010 and 2015. There was an overall pattern of increase for total, object-control and locomotor scores between Baseline and Follow-Up. Conversely, there was an overall pattern of decline for MVPA among participants. There was a positive significant (p < 0.05) association between total and locomotor scores and MVPA at Baseline. However, these associations weakened over time and no significant associations were found at Follow-Up. Baseline competency failed to predict Follow-Up MVPA or weight status. Likewise, Baseline MVPA was not found to be a predictor of Follow-Up FMS competency. Further longitudinal research is required to explore these associations among children from highly deprived areas. Future interventions may require a more holistic approach to improving FMS competency and increasing PA in order to account for the number of variables that can affect these outcomes.

scholarly journals Compliance with the 24-h movement guidelines and the relationship with anthropometry in Finnish preschoolers: the DAGIS study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja H. Leppänen ◽  
Carola Ray ◽  
Heini Wennman ◽  
Christina Alexandrou ◽  
Katri Sääksjärvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Recent 24-h movement guidelines for the early years established recommendations for physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep. To date, few studies have focused on compliance with meeting the guidelines and their associations with health outcomes. Thus, we aimed to investigate: 1) compliance with the 24-h movement guidelines, and 2) associations between compliance and anthropometry in Finnish preschoolers. Methods We utilized DAGIS survey data that were collected in 2015–2016 (N = 864). PA was assessed 24 h/day over 7 days using a waist-worn ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer. ST and sleep were reported by the parents during the same 7 days. Anthropometry was assessed using body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and waist circumference (WC, cm). Children were classified as meeting the guidelines if they averaged ≥180 min/day of PA, which consisted of ≥60 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity; ≤60 min/day of ST; and 10–13 h/day of sleep. In total, 778 children (51% boys, mean age: 4.7 ± 0.9 years) were included in the study. The compliance with meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was calculated for each behavior separately and in combinations. Adjusted linear regression analyses were applied to examine associations of compliance with BMI and WC. Results Children were physically active on average 390 (±46.2) min/day and spent 86 (±25.5) min/day in moderate-to-vigorous PA. They spent 76 (±37.4) min/day on ST and had on average 10:21 (±0:33) h:min/day of sleep. The compliance rate in meeting all three movement guidelines overall was 24%. The highest compliance rate was found for PA (85%), followed by sleep (76%) and ST (35%). Meeting guidelines separately for PA or sleep, or for both, were associated with lower WC (PA: B = -1.37, p < 0.001; Sleep: B = -0.72, p = 0.009; PA + Sleep: B = -1.03, p < 0.001). In addition, meeting guidelines for sleep or for both PA and sleep were associated with lower BMI (Sleep: B = -0.26, p = 0.027; PA + Sleep: B = -0.30, p = 0.007). There were no significant associations found regarding ST. Conclusions Meeting recommendations for PA and sleep may have an important role in supporting a healthy weight status in young children. However, there is still a need to improve compliance with the 24-h movement guidelines, especially for ST.

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