scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Psychosomatic Complaints as Predictors of Conduct Problems in Swedish Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Jane Brooks ◽  
Olga E Titova ◽  
Emma Ashworth ◽  
Simon BA Bylund ◽  
Inna Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychosomatic Complaints ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background: Conduct disorders may be linked to common physical conditions in childhood and adolescence, and are often under reported during mainstream school years, which may lead to more serious mental health concerns in adulthood. The aim of the study was to examine the link between specific psychosomatic complaints and adolescent conduct problems. Methods: 3,132 Swedish adolescents (age range 15-18 years, 47% boys) completed the Uppsala Life and Health Cross-Sectional Survey (LHS) at school. LHS question scores were grouped in alliance with DSM-5 conduct disorder criteria and psychosomatic complaints (PSC). Multivariate analyses assessed the effects of PSC, age, and gender on conduct problem scores.Results: Main effects of gender; age; and PSC were observed. Adolescents with higher PSC scores had higher conduct problem scores. In reference to DSM-5 conduct disorder sub-categories, gender, age, and self-reported PSC were associated with increased conduct problems across all domains. Specifically, boys had higher serious violation of rules scores than girls, particularly older boys with higher PSC scores. Conclusions: These findings suggest that measures of psychosomatic complaints can be used to identify children at risk of developing conduct disorders in the future, to help raise the likelihood of a healthy life into adulthood.

Multiple developmental pathways underlying conduct problems: A multitrajectory framework

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jules R. Dugré ◽  
Stéphane Potvin
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychological Features

Abstract In the past decades, there has been an overemphasis of a descriptive/behavioral approach to study conduct disorder. In an equifinal perspective, we aimed to examine the developmental multitrajectory groups of psychological features (irritability, interpersonal callousness, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and depressive–anxiety symptoms) and their associations with conduct problems. In a population-based cohort (n = 1,309 participants followed from 5 months to 17 years old), latent-class growth analysis was performed for each psychological feature to identify a two-trajectory model (from ages 6 to 12 years). Based on parameter estimates of the two-trajectory models for each of the four psychological features, a parallel process growth mixture model identified eight significant developmental patterns that were subsequently compared with typically developing children. Furthermore, we observed that while interpersonal callousness conferred an increased risk for childhood and adolescence conduct problems, its co-occurrence with hyperactivity/impulsivity, irritability, and/or depressive–anxiety symptoms heightened the general risk, but also predicted distinct subtypes of conduct problems (i.e., aggressive and rule-breaking behaviors). Thus, by studying complex developmental combinations of psychological features, we observed qualitatively distinct pathways towards conduct problems. A multitrajectory framework of psychological features should be considered as a significant step towards unveiling the multiple etiological pathways leading to conduct disorder and its substantial clinical heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Relación entre conducta prosocial, resolución de problemas y consumo de drogas en adolescentes

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Hernández-Serrano ◽  
José P. Espada ◽  
Alejandro Guillén-Riquelme
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours ◽  
Age Range

<p>The objectives of the present study are the following ones: 1) to study the use of drugs, the prosocial behaviour and the problem-solving skills with respect to age and gender, and 2) to analyze the association of both the prosocial behaviour and the problem-solving skills with the use of drugs. An exploratory cross-sectional study was performed, amongst a sample of 567 students in Spanish Compulsory Secondary Education (48.14% males) with an age range from 14 to 17 years (<em>M </em>= 14.92; <em>SD </em>= 0.90). Statistically significant differences were found concerning alcohol use and the prosocial behaviour with respect to gender, as well as concerning alcohol and cannabis use with respect to age. Logistic regression analyses revealed statistical significance of the prosocial behaviour with respect to the use of alcohol and cannabis. The ability in problem-solving was the most important protective predictor with respect to the abuse of cannabis. The results from this study enhance the importance of tailored interventions based on the promotion of prosocial behaviours and/or problem-solving strategies as fundamental protective factors for substance use amongst adolescents.</p>

scholarly journals Visible Portion of Anterior Teeth at Rest and Analysis of Different Smile Characteristics in the Saudi Population of the Jeddah Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelmageed Awad ◽  
Doaa Saleh Alghamdi ◽  
Aljawharah Talal Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Mandibular Teeth ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the degree of visibility of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth at rest in different age groups and to evaluate the smile line, smile arc, and number of maxillary teeth displayed during smiling among the Saudi population visiting King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 157 participants (77 males and 80 females) were included in this study with an age range of 19 to 69 years. All participants had maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth without restorations. Crown length and visible portions of anterior teeth at rest were measured using a Fowler Electronic Digital Caliper. Three measurements of each variable were recorded by two independent dental interns and calibrating their measurements was performed. Smile line, smile arc, and number of teeth displayed during smiling were examined. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. It was found that the average clinical crown lengths in the maxillary lateral incisor, mandibular central incisor, and canine were significantly higher in males than females. At rest position, females displayed more maxillary central and lateral incisors. The displayed length of maxillary teeth at rest is inversely proportional to increasing age; the reverse occurs in mandibular teeth. The common visibility of maxillary teeth during smiling was from the second bicuspid to its counterpart. Average smile line and consonant smile arc were the most common characteristics. It was concluded that both age and gender affect the characteristics of tooth display at rest and in smiling. These effects should be considered during treatment planning and restoration of anterior teeth to obtain a more predictable esthetic outcome.

scholarly journals A case–control study investigating food addiction in Parkinson patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid de Chazeron ◽  
F. Durif ◽  
C. Lambert ◽  
I. Chereau-Boudet ◽  
M. L. Fantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Addiction ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Night Eating Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dopaminergic Therapy ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Current Medication ◽  
Planning Factor ◽  
And Gender

AbstractEating disorders (EDs) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are mainly described through impulse control disorders but represent one end of the spectrum of food addiction (FA). Although not formally recognized by DSM-5, FA is well described in the literature on animal models and humans, but data on prevalence and risk factors compared with healthy controls (HCs) are lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 200 patients with PD and 200 age- and gender-matched HCs. Characteristics including clinical data (features of PD/current medication) were collected. FA was rated using DSM-5 criteria and the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised (QEWP-R). Patients with PD had more EDs compared to HCs (27.0% vs. 13.0%, respectively, p < 0.001). They mainly had FA (24.5% vs. 12.0%, p = 0.001) and night eating syndrome (7.0% vs. 2.5% p = 0.03). In PD patients, FA was associated with female gender (p = 0.04) and impulsivity (higher attentional non-planning factor) but not with the dose or class of dopaminergic therapy. Vigilance is necessary, especially for PD women and in patients with specific impulsive personality traits. Counterintuitively, agonist dopaminergic treatment should not be used as an indication for screening FA in patients with PD.

scholarly journals Correlation between Sphenoclivus angle and Gnathic angle with age and gender in Iranian population using CT-Scan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Reliable Correlation

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess whether is a reliable correlation between the cranial and gnathic angulations in the Iranian population. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 140 patients of Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals (70 males and 70 females with an age range of 18-60 years) were selected. Sphenoclivus (cranial base) and gnathic angles were calculated for each case. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: Statistical analysis showed a relationship between gnathic angle and female (P < 0.05), but no positive relationship was seen between sphenoclivus angle and gender. There was a significant relationship between sphenoclivus angle and age among men. No significant relationship was found between the gnathic and sphenoclivus angles. Conclusion: Sphenoclivus angle has the closest link with age in males. The gnathic angle has also a positive relationship with females. Our findings suggest an independent growth pattern between the sphenoclivus angle and the gnathic angle.

Social Perception of Self-Enhanced Photographs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keon M. Parsa ◽  
Karina Charipova ◽  
Eugenia Chu ◽  
Michael J. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe use of appearance manipulating applications on our smartphones has increased in popularity. As the aim of this study is to determine the impact of self-directed appearance manipulation on perceptions of personality and examine the influence of respondent age and gender on the various personality domains. This cross-sectional cohort study included 20 subjects between the ages of 18 to 34 who had headshots taken and were provided an introduction on the use of the Facetune2 app. After 1 week of engaging in digital appearance manipulation, subjects submitted their self-determined most attractive edited photograph. Four surveys were constructed with 10 sets of photographs each. Each of these surveys were then sent to lay people via a web-based survey tool. Anonymous blinded respondents used a 7-point Likert scale to rate their perception of each patient's aggressiveness, likeability, sociability, trustworthiness, attractiveness, authenticity, and masculinity or femininity. A multivariate linear mixed effect model was applied to analyze the overall patient trait data as well as to assess the impact of rater age and gender. A total of 288 respondents (mean age range, 25–34 years [43%]; 202 [70%] female) completed a survey. Overall, digitally enhanced photographs were perceived as more attractive (0.22; 95% CI, 0.06–0.38). Analysis based on gender of the study subjects revealed increased attractiveness scores for men (0.19; 95% CI, 0.07–0.33). Females were also perceived as being more attractive (0.16; 95% CI, 0.03–0.40), but less authentic (−0.24; 95% CI, −0.36 to −0.12). Females rated enhanced photographs of men as less masculine (−0.23; 95% CI, −0.46 to −0.04). Raters aged 35 to 64 rated altered photos as less attractive (0.31; 95% CI, 0.09–0.52), authentic (0.20; 95% CI, 0.01–0.38), and gender enhancing (0.42; 95% CI, 0.24–0.61) compared with individuals aged 18 to 34. Patients and surgeons should be aware of the ways in which self-enhanced photographs may affect social perception.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal and Gender Invariance Analysis of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Across Ages 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, and 17 in a Large U.K.-Representative Sample

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110093
Author(s):  
Aja Louise Murray ◽  
Lydia Gabriela Speyer ◽  
Hildigunnur Anna Hall ◽  
Sara Valdebenito ◽  
Claire Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire ◽  
Peer Problems ◽  
Gender Invariance ◽  
Residual Level ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

Developmental invariance is important for making valid inferences about child development from longitudinal data; however, it is rarely tested. We evaluated developmental and gender invariance for one of the most widely used measures of child mental health: the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Using data from the large U.K. population-representative Millennium Cohort Study ( N = 10,207; with data at ages 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, and 17 years), we tested configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance in emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, prosociality, and peer problems. We found that the SDQ showed poor fit at age 3 in both males and females and at age 17 in males; however, it fit reasonably well and its scores were measurement invariant up to the residual level across gender at ages 5, 7, 11, and 14 years. Scores were also longitudinally measurement invariant across this age range up to the partial residual level. Results suggest that the parent-reported SDQ can be used to estimate developmental trajectories of emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, prosociality, and peer problems and their gender differences across the age range 5 to 14 years using a latent model. Developmental differences outside of this range may; however, partly reflect measurement differences.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding and behavior disorders among children and adolescents: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanêssa Lacerda Poton ◽  
Ana Luiza Gonçalves Soares ◽  
Elizabete Regina Araújo de Oliveira ◽  
Helen Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Exclusive Or ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Total Behavior

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review study aimed to assess the evidence available for the association between breastfeeding and behavior disorders in childhood and adolescence. METHODS: The search was carried out in the PubMed, Lilacs, and PsycINFO databases up to December 2016. Inclusion criteria were as follows: prospective, retrospective and cross-sectional studies assessing the association between breastfeeding and behavior disorders in childhood or adolescence, using psychometric tests, carried out in humans and published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. The search was performed in several stages by two independent researchers using pre-established criteria. RESULTS: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Breastfeeding for a period equal to or higher than three or four months seemed to be inversely associated with total behavior and conduct disorders in childhood; however, the association remains unclear for other behavior disorders. Only four studies assessed behavior disorders in adolescence, and when an association was found, it was likely to be positive. The duration of breastfeeding seemed to be more important than the exclusive or non-exclusive pattern of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfed children for at least three to four months had fewer total behavior and conduct disorders in childhood. Further studies are needed to better understand this association, particularly in adolescence and involving other behavioral profiles.

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