Multiple developmental pathways underlying conduct problems: A multitrajectory framework

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jules R. Dugré ◽  
Stéphane Potvin
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychological Features

Abstract In the past decades, there has been an overemphasis of a descriptive/behavioral approach to study conduct disorder. In an equifinal perspective, we aimed to examine the developmental multitrajectory groups of psychological features (irritability, interpersonal callousness, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and depressive–anxiety symptoms) and their associations with conduct problems. In a population-based cohort (n = 1,309 participants followed from 5 months to 17 years old), latent-class growth analysis was performed for each psychological feature to identify a two-trajectory model (from ages 6 to 12 years). Based on parameter estimates of the two-trajectory models for each of the four psychological features, a parallel process growth mixture model identified eight significant developmental patterns that were subsequently compared with typically developing children. Furthermore, we observed that while interpersonal callousness conferred an increased risk for childhood and adolescence conduct problems, its co-occurrence with hyperactivity/impulsivity, irritability, and/or depressive–anxiety symptoms heightened the general risk, but also predicted distinct subtypes of conduct problems (i.e., aggressive and rule-breaking behaviors). Thus, by studying complex developmental combinations of psychological features, we observed qualitatively distinct pathways towards conduct problems. A multitrajectory framework of psychological features should be considered as a significant step towards unveiling the multiple etiological pathways leading to conduct disorder and its substantial clinical heterogeneity.

Disruptive Symptoms In Childhood And Adolescence And Early Initiation Of Tobacco And Cannabis Use: The Gazel Youth Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 402-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Galéra ◽  
M.-P. Bouvard ◽  
M. Melchior ◽  
J.-F. Chastang ◽  
E. Lagarde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Youth Study ◽  
Tobacco Initiation

AbstractPurposeTo examine the link between symptoms of hyperactivity-inattention and conduct disorder in childhood, and the initiation of tobacco and cannabis use, controlling for other behavioral symptoms, temperament and environmental risk factors.MethodThe sample (N = 1107 participants, aged 4 to 18 years at baseline) was recruited from the population-based longitudinal Gazel Youth study with a follow-up assessment 8 years later. Psychopathology, temperament, environmental variables, and initiation of tobacco and cannabis use were self-reported. Event time analyses were performed to assess the effects of childhood disruptive symptoms on age at first use of tobacco and cannabis.ResultsProportional hazard models revealed that participants with high levels of childhood symptoms of both hyperactivity-inattention and conduct disorder were at highest risk of early tobacco initiation (in males: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.05; confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–3.38; in females: HR = 2.01; CI: 1.31–3.09), and, in males, of early cannabis initiation (HR = 1.95; CI: 1.04–3.64). Temperament, through activity in both males and females and negative emotionality in females, was also associated to early substance use initiation.ConclusionsChildren who simultaneously have high levels of symptoms of hyperactivity-inattention and conduct disorder are at increased risk for early substance initiation. These associations may guide childhood health professionals to consider the liability for early substance initiation in high-risk groups.

scholarly journals Shedding light on the link between early life sun exposure and risk of multiple sclerosis: results from the EnvIMS Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Magalhaes ◽  
Maura Pugliatti ◽  
Trond Riise ◽  
Kjell-Morten Myhr ◽  
Antonio Ciampi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Accumulation Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Lower levels of sun exposure in childhood have been suggested to be associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this paper we extend previous work, using two novel analytical strategies. Methods Data collected in the Environmental risk factors In MS (EnvIMS) study, a case-control study with MS cases and population-based controls from Canada, Italy and Norway, were used. Participants reported on sun exposure behaviours for 5-year age intervals from birth; we focused on the first three age intervals (≤15 years). We compared two life course epidemiology conceptual models, the critical period and the accumulation model. We also used latent class analysis to estimate MS risk for different latent sun exposure behaviour groups. Results The analyses included 2251 cases and 4028 controls. The accumulation model was found to be the best model, which demonstrated a nearly 50% increased risk of MS comparing lowest reported summer sun exposure with highest [risk ratio (RR) = 1.47 (1.24, 1.74)]. The latent sun exposure behaviour group, characterized by low sun exposure during summer and winter and high sun protection use, had the highest risk of MS; a 76% increased risk as compared with the group with high sun exposure and low sun protection use [RR = 1.76 (1.27, 2.46)]. Conclusions Our analyses provide novel insights into the link between sun exposure and MS. We demonstrate that more time indoors during childhood and early adolescence is linked with MS risk, and that sun protection behaviours in those who spend most time indoors may play a key role in increasing risk.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity patterns in low-middle and high income regions: a multiregion latent class analysis using ATHLOS harmonised cohorts

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e034441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivet Bayes-Marin ◽  
Albert Sanchez-Niubo ◽  
Laia Egea-Cortés ◽  
Hai Nguyen ◽  
Matthew Prina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Income ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivesOur aim was to determine clusters of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a very large, population-based sample of middle-aged and older adults from low- and middle-income (LMICs) and high-income (HICs) regions. Additionally, we explored the associations with several covariates.DesignThe total sample was 72 140 people aged 50+ years from three population-based studies (English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe Study and Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health) included in the Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project and representing eight regions with LMICs and HICs. Variables were previously harmonised using an ex-post strategy. Eight NCDs were used in latent class analysis. Multinomial models were made to calculate associations with covariates. All the analyses were stratified by age (50–64 and 65+ years old).ResultsThree clusters were identified: ‘cardio-metabolic’ (8.93% in participants aged 50–64 years and 27.22% in those aged 65+ years), ‘respiratory-mental-articular’ (3.91% and 5.27%) and ‘healthy’ (87.16% and 67.51%). In the younger group, Russia presented the highest prevalence of the ‘cardio-metabolic’ group (18.8%) and England the ‘respiratory-mental-articular’ (5.1%). In the older group, Russia had the highest proportion of both classes (48.3% and 9%). Both the younger and older African participants presented the highest proportion of the ‘healthy’ class. Older age, being woman, widowed and with low levels of education and income were related to an increased risk of multimorbidity. Physical activity was a protective factor in both age groups and smoking a risk factor for the ‘respiratory-mental-articular’.ConclusionMultimorbidity is common worldwide, especially in HICs and Russia. Health policies in each country addressing coordination and support are needed to face the complexity of a pattern of growing multimorbidity.

scholarly journals Adolescent conduct problems and premature mortality: follow-up to age 65 years in a national birth cohort

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1077-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Maughan ◽  
M. Stafford ◽  
I. Shah ◽  
D. Kuh
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Uk National Health Service

BackgroundSevere youth antisocial behaviour has been associated with increased risk of premature mortality in high-risk samples for many years, and some evidence now points to similar effects in representative samples. We set out to assess the prospective association between adolescent conduct problems and premature mortality in a population-based sample of men and women followed to the age of 65 years.MethodA total of 4158 members of the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (the British 1946 birth cohort) were assessed for conduct problems at the ages of 13 and 15 years. Follow-up to the age of 65 years via the UK National Health Service Central Register provided data on date and cause of death.ResultsDimensional measures of teacher-rated adolescent conduct problems were associated with increased hazards of death from cardiovascular disease by the age of 65 years in men [hazard ratio (HR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.32], and of all-cause and cancer mortality by the age of 65 years in women (all-cause HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07–1.25). Adjustment for childhood cognition and family social class did little to attenuate these risks. Adolescent conduct problems were not associated with increased risks of unnatural/substance-related deaths in men or women in this representative sample.ConclusionsWhereas previous studies of high-risk delinquent or offender samples have highlighted increased risks of unnatural and alcohol- or substance abuse-related deaths in early adulthood, we found marked differences in mortality risk from other causes emerging later in the life course among women as well as men.

Early-Life Exposure to the Chinese Famine and Risk of Hyperuricemia in Adult Females in Qingdao

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Yuhan Shao ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Xiaojing Li ◽  
Jianping Sun ◽  
Xiaomei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Famine Exposure

Abstract Purpose: We aimed to explore whether exposure to the Chinese famine in early life was associated with hyperuricemia in adulthood. Methods and Results: Two population-based cross-sectional surveys involving randomly selected Chinese adults aged 35–74 years were conducted in Qingdao, China in 2006 and 2009. 9055 subjects from the two surveys were grouped into four birth groups of fetal/infant exposed(born between 1959/1/1 and 1962/12/31), childhood exposed(born between 1950/1/1 and 1958/12/31), adolescence exposed(born between 1942/1/1 and 1949/12/31) and the unexposed(born before 1941 and after 1963). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hyperuricemia in different exposed groups. Overall, famine exposure in the fetal/infant period, childhood and adolescence was not associated with adulthood hyperuricemia (all P>0.05). In females, childhood exposed group(OR=1.59, 95%CI:1.25-2.02) and adolescence exposed group(OR=1.74, 95%CI:1.30-2.33) both had higher risks to have hyperuricemia in adult. However, this difference was not found in fetal/infant exposed group. In males, no significant relation was observed in any famine exposed group (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Exposure to famine in childhood and adolescence is associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia for adulthood of females, but not in males. Adequate nutrition during early life appears to be beneficial to prevent hyperuricemia of adult females.

Emotional Implications of Primary Familial Hyperlipoproteinemia in Childhood and Adolescence

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-472
Author(s):  
Arthur P. Froese ◽  
Vera Rose ◽  
D. Marilyn Allen
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Hyperactive Behavior ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Affected Parent ◽  
Male Patients

To determine whether 43 patients and their 23 unaffected siblings were at increased risk for psychologic upset, 28 families of children being treated for primary familial hyperlipoproteinemia were studied. Nine fathers but no mothers had died of the disease. The families were interviewed for psychiatric assessment, and the parent(s) scored a questionnaire concerning eight behavioral factors. Male patients had significantly higher scores for impulsive hyperactive behavior than their male siblings. Fatherless female patients had the highest scores for perfectionism and the lowest scores for conduct problems and impulsive hyperactive behavior. Fatherless children scored lower for impulsive hyperactive behavior than children with fathers; fatherless male children were more anxious than fatherless female children. There were more significant differences in scores for children whose father was still alive vs those whose father had died than in scores for affected children vs unaffected siblings. Thus, the emotional impact of the premature death of an affected parent appears greater than that of having the disease. Therefore, one should be alert for changes in behavior in children with primary familial hyperlipoproteinemia when a parent dies of the disease and as the patients approach the age at which the parent died.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Psychosomatic Complaints as Predictors of Conduct Problems in Swedish Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Jane Brooks ◽  
Olga E Titova ◽  
Emma Ashworth ◽  
Simon BA Bylund ◽  
Inna Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychosomatic Complaints ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background: Conduct disorders may be linked to common physical conditions in childhood and adolescence, and are often under reported during mainstream school years, which may lead to more serious mental health concerns in adulthood. The aim of the study was to examine the link between specific psychosomatic complaints and adolescent conduct problems. Methods: 3,132 Swedish adolescents (age range 15-18 years, 47% boys) completed the Uppsala Life and Health Cross-Sectional Survey (LHS) at school. LHS question scores were grouped in alliance with DSM-5 conduct disorder criteria and psychosomatic complaints (PSC). Multivariate analyses assessed the effects of PSC, age, and gender on conduct problem scores.Results: Main effects of gender; age; and PSC were observed. Adolescents with higher PSC scores had higher conduct problem scores. In reference to DSM-5 conduct disorder sub-categories, gender, age, and self-reported PSC were associated with increased conduct problems across all domains. Specifically, boys had higher serious violation of rules scores than girls, particularly older boys with higher PSC scores. Conclusions: These findings suggest that measures of psychosomatic complaints can be used to identify children at risk of developing conduct disorders in the future, to help raise the likelihood of a healthy life into adulthood.

scholarly journals Movement disorders and chronic psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Martino ◽  
Francesca Morgante
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Early Predictors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Chronic Psychosis

AbstractPurpose of review:To discuss selected peer-reviewed research articles published between 2014 and 2016 and highlight 5 clinically relevant messages related to hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders in patients with chronic psychosis.Recent findings:A recent population-based study complemented data from clinical trials in showing increased risk of developing extrapyramidal symptoms with antipsychotic use. A community service–based longitudinal study showed that dopamine transporter imaging could help identify subgroups of patients with parkinsonism associated with antipsychotics with a progressive course, potentially manageable with l-dopa. Data from recent noteworthy clinical trials showed that a new VMAT-2 inhibitor and, for pharmacologically refractory tardive dyskinesia, deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus are promising interventions. Finally, a population-based study has confirmed that hyperkinesias (encompassing chorea, dystonia, and stereotypies) may be early predictors of psychosis even in childhood and adolescence.Summary:Movement disorders associated with new-generation antipsychotics, including widely used agents (e.g., aripiprazole), are not rare occurrences. Better monitoring is needed to assess their true effect on patients' quality of life and functioning and to prevent underascertainment.

Abstract 41: The Effect Of Maternal Weight On Offspring Blood Pressure At 18 Years Of Age: A Causal Natural-effects Mediation Analysis

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M Brunton ◽  
Allison Dart ◽  
Meghan Azad ◽  
Jonathan M McGavock
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Shiny App

Objectives: Examine the relationship between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and offspring systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 18 yrs old. Methods: We performed multivariate regression and causal mediation analysis within 3700 mother - offspring pairs from a prospective birth cohort. The main exposure was maternal pre-pregnancy BMI categorized as healthy weight, overweight, or obese according to international criteria. The main outcomes were high-normal BP and hypertension defined as SBP between the 90-95 th centile and >95 th centile for height and sex at 18 years, respectively, as per 2017 AAP guidelines. Analyses were adjusted for social class, pre-eclampsia, sex, and maternal tobacco use during pregnancy. The Canadian Pediatric Endocrine Group R Shiny app was used to obtain age-standardized BMI Z-scores and latent class analysis (LCA) was used to quantify the mediating factor of offspring BMIZ trajectories from 7 to 18 yrs. Results: Before pregnancy 14% of women were overweight and 5% were obese. At 18 yrs, SBP (122 ± 12 vs 118 ±11mmHg, p < 0.001), DBP (67 ± 7 vs 63 ± 6mmHg, p < 0.001) and the odds of elevated BP (aOR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.3) and hypertension (aOR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4-3.1) were higher in offspring from women that were obese prior to pregnancy compared to those that were normal weight. LCA identified five distinct offspring BMIZ trajectories shown in the figure. SBP (125 ± 12 vs 117 ± 10 mmHg, p < 0.001) and the odds of hypertension (aOR: 3.8; 95% CI: 2.8-5.1) at 18 years were significantly higher in offspring with sustained high BMIZ (teal) compared to sustained low normal BMIZ (green). Casual mediation analysis revealed that maternal BMI directly (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03-1.25) and indirectly through offspring BMIZ trajectories (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.08-1.15) increased offspring SBP at 18 years of age. Conclusion: Maternal obesity prior to pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of hypertension in offspring at 18 yrs of age, partly mediated by an elevated BMIZ score trajectory throughout childhood and adolescence.

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