scholarly journals Potential Toxic levels of Cyanide and Heavy Metals in Cassava Flour Sold in Selected Markets in Oke Ogun Community, Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omotoso Ayodele Jacob ◽  
Omotoso Elizabeth Anuoluwa ◽  
Morufu Olalekan Raimi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Stratified Sampling ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Risk Effects ◽  
Dietary Risk

Abstract The present study assessed the potential toxic levels of Cyanide and heavy metals in cassava flour sold in selected township markets in Oke Ogun community. It aimed to determine the levels of Cyanide, Lead, Chromium and Arsenic, assess their health implications on the consumers as well as evaluation of allowable dietary concentrations according to WHO. Samples of finely ground fermented cassava flour were purchased from five (5) selected township markets (Igbeti, Kishi, Iseyin, Igboho and Shaki) using stratified sampling method. The sample were firstly digested appropriately and further analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Data collected were analyzed using statistical package. Results obtained ranged showed that Cyanides (0.010Mg/L − 0.018Mg/L), Lead (0.028Mg/L-0.053Mg/L], Arsenic (0.006Mg/L-0.012Mg/L), and Chromium (0.034Mg/L-0.065Mg/L) respectively. In conclusion, Cassava flour presently sold in Oke Ogun community markets were safe and suitable for human consumption without any dietary risk effects due to less concentration of these metals. It is therefore, recommended that cassava flour sold should be frequently monitored and evaluation on a regular basis.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn) Residue in Selected Tissue and Organs of Slaughtered Goat-Meat randomly selected from Markets in Ayegbaju-Ekiti, Akure, and Owena

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1896-1903
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Goat Meat ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study investigated Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn) content of some selected organs (liver, kidney, heart, and intestine) and tissue (blood) of slaughtered goats randomly sampled from central markets in Ayegbaju-Ekiti, Akure and Owena, South-western Nigeria. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the level of heavy metals based on comparison with standards. The mean concentrations obtained Zn were detected in all samples investigated, but Cd was undetected in some samples, especially the liver and blood of goat from Owena. The general trend in the mean concentration of metals was Zn>Pb>Cd, in tissue and organs was kidney > liver > intestine > heart > blood, and in-market, with respect to metals, was Akure > Ayegbaju-Ekiti=Owena for Cd, Ayegbaju-Ekiti > Akure > Owena for Pb and Owena > Akure > Ayegbaju-Ekiti for Zn. All the metals in some samples of goat, especially Cd in the kidney (2.50±2.18) from Akure, Pb in the kidney (19.00±9.17 mg/kg) from Ayegbaju-Ekiti and intestine (15.00±17.35 mg/kg) from Akure as well as Zn in the heart (71.50±95.90 mg/kg) from Ayegbaju-Ekiti, had a mean concentration in excess of the permissible limits set by FAO/WHO. Some of the tissue and organs of goats sampled from the studied area were therefore polluted with all the metals investigated, and their consumption may have health implications.

scholarly journals GREY WATER FARMING OF LADIES FINGER AND CLUSTER BEANS-INDUCES DIETARY TOXICITY?

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Doke Suraj Yashwant ◽  
Chavare Pranav Mohan ◽  
Belvotagi Venkatrao Adavirao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Procedure ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Dietary Toxicity ◽  
Edible Parts

Objective: A large number of farmers are growing different vegetables and supplying them to the Solapur market. The majority of these farms are located on the banks of the “nullah”, whose water is used for irrigation. From, a farm field in Degaon, a village on the Solapur–Mangalvedha road and on the bank of ‘nullah’ two fruit vegetables viz., Ladies Finger (Bhendi) and Cluster Beans (Gawar) are evaluated in the study. The purpose of this study was to analyse the presence of selected toxic non-essential heavy metals i.e. Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) in the two vegetables.Methods: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for determining the concentration of heavy metals. Optimised wet acid digestion procedure was employed to solubilize the metals from the vegetable samples.Results: The following concentrations (mg/kg) of the non-essential heavy metals were found in the edible parts of the Ladies Finger and Cluster Beans, respectively: Ladies Finger: As (16.07), Hg (16.77), Pb (1.148), Cr (17.14), Cd (0.704 mg/kg) and Cluster Beans: As (18.76), Hg (21.86), Pb (1.675), Cr (17.14), Cd (0.888 mg/kg). The study revealed the presence of all the chosen NEHMs in the vegetables. Cadmium levels in both Cluster Beans and Ladies Finger were below the maximum acceptable limit and hence fit for human consumption as per FSSAI standards As (1.1), Pb (1.0), Cd (1.5), Hg (1.0 ppm). Though unsafe as per WHO/FAO standards As (0.1), Pb (0.5), Cd (0.2), Cr (1.2), Hg (0.05 ppm).Conclusion: The other three NEHMs levels were approximately 15 times more than the permitted levels and hence might pose danger on human consumption. 

scholarly journals Study of Pollution Levels of heavy metals residues in the locally produced cheese & emulsifying salts

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-193
Author(s):  
Ahmed M.S. Al-Shdidi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Emulsifying Salts

The study was conducted to indicate the compartive measurements of heavy metals residues levels were detected by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer in 10 random samples of locally processed cheeses and in 20 random samples of emulsifying salts collectd from different areas in Baghdad , results showed that such cheese of low quality and did not meet both local and international Dairy products standards , Such findings of high concentration of heavy metals residues indicate that the emulsifying salts used in processing were not nutritional but of industrial origin and unfit for human consumption . The results show that is the concentration *[p.p.m.] of heavy metals residues **(±MD) in the locally processed cheeses samples were < 0.1±0.001 p.p.m. for both of Cd. & Mn. , 3.5±0.28 p.p.m. for Fe. , < 0.05±0.001 p.p.m. for Pb. , 7.3±0.3 p.p.m. for Zn. & 0.24±0.01p.p.m. for Cu. .. While the concentration *[p.p.m.] of heavy metals residues **(±MD) in the Emulsifying salts were 1.55±0.145 p.p.m. for Cd. , 1.7±0.16 p.p.m. for Mn. , 16±1.12 p.p.m. for Fe. , 3.15±0.275 p.p.m. for Pb. , 233.1±5.6 p.p.m. for Zn. & 1.95±0.085 p.p.m. for Cu.

Evaluation of heavy metals content in the canned/packed fruit juices from local and imported origin in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeefa Fatima ◽  
Munazza Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shuaib Kabeer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to determine the mean concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in canned/packed fruits juices, collected from various stores in Lahore in a period of three months. These juices were categorized into four groups; local packed and canned and also imported packed and canned products. Every group consisted of ten samples. By using the di-acid digestion method, the collected samples were digested and analyzed under Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results indicated that the mean values of 7 out of 9 tested heavy metals including Pb, Mg, Ni, Fe, Cr, Se and Mn were above permissible limits (set by WHO) in all four understudy groups. Therefore, it was concluded that commercially available fruit juices are not all safe according to their heavy metals content for the human consumption despite their nutritive values.

scholarly journals Studi Penurunan Kadar Logam Besi (Fe) dan Logam Tembaga (Cu) pada Air Embung Menggunakan Adsorben Nanosilika

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Emas Agus Prastyo Wibowo ◽  
Ika Sri Hardyanti ◽  
Isni Nurani ◽  
Dyan Septyaningsih Hardjono HP ◽  
Aden Dhana Rizkita
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Independent Variable

STUDI PENURUNAN KADAR LOGAM BESI (Fe) DAN LOGAM TEMBAGA (Cu) PADA AIR EMBUNG MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN NANOSILIKAABSTRAKPolusi limbah logam berat dalam air merupakan satu permasalahan lingkungan yang penting. Dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dapat dilakukan purifikasi terhadap air tersebut. Metode yang dapat digunakan untuk purifikasi limbah sangat beragam salah satunya adalah absorpsi. Secara umum metode absorpsi telah banyak digunakan dalam purifikasi air limbah. Metode absorpsi dapat menurunkan kadar logam yang terlarut pada limbah. cair dengan cara menyerap logam-logam tersebut ke dalam permukaan absorbennya. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah  untuk menurunkan konsentrasi logam besi (Fe) dan tembaga (Cu) menggunakan adsorben nanosilika. Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel bebas yaitu waktu pengadukan (20 menit, 40 menit, dan 60 menit). Hasil akhir filtrat air embung kemudian diukur absorbansinya menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom. Berdasarkan hasil analisa menggunakan instrumen SSA diperoleh hasil bahwa tidak terjadi penurunan logam Fe maupun Cu. Dalam hal ini terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi dalam logam Fe maupun Cu, hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya waktu pengadukan dan pengaruh dari adsorben nanosilika.Kata Kunci: limbah, logam berat, nanosilika STUDY OF DECREASING METALS IRON (Fe) AND COPPER (Cu) ON EMBUNG WATER USE OF NANOSILICA ADSORBEN ABSTRACTHeavy waste pollution of heavy metals in the water is an important environment issue. To solve the problem, its can be purified the water. The methods that can be used for waste purification are very diverse, one of which is absorption. In general, the method of absorption has been widely used in wastewater purification. The absorption method can decrease dissolved metal content in the waste. liquid by absorbing the metals into the absorbent surface. Research has been conducted to reduce the concentration of iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) by using nanosilica adsorbent. This research used to independent variable that is stirring time (20 minutes, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes). The final result of filtrate embung water then measured its absorbance using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Based on the result of the analysis using SSA instrument, it is found that there is no decrease of Fe and Cu metals. There are several reasons for those problem such as due to lack of stirring time and the influence of nanosilica adsorbent.Keywords: Waste pollution, heavy metal, nanosilica

scholarly journals Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Dan Kadmium (Cd) Pada Air, Sedimen Dan Organ Mangrove Di Perairan Tulehu

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
NUR ALIM NATSIR ◽  
YUSRIANTI HANIKE ◽  
MUHAMMAD RIJAL ◽  
SUHAEDIR BACHTIAR
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
And Control

Differences in the accumulation of heavy metals lead and cadmium in water, sediments and mangrove organs (roots, stems and leaves) found in the waters of Tulehu, Maluku Province. Samples were taken from three observation stations, namely stopping ships that are not operating (station 1), Tulehu harbor (station 2) and Control (station 3). Pb and Cd were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Pb and Cd content in sediments is higher than in water. The highest Pb and Cd content is found in the stems then in the roots and leaves (stems> roots> leaves). Mangroves are one of the aquatic organisms that have the ability to absorb heavy metals in the aquatic environment. Key words: Mangrove, Pb, Cd, Heavy Metal

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Concentration in Eight Fish Species from Epe Lagoon (Nigeria)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Iyabode Olusola Taiwo ◽  
Olaniyi Alaba Olopade ◽  
Nathanael Akinsafe Bamidele
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry

Abstract This research was undertaken to find out the levels of five heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in the muscles of eight fish species from Epe Lagoon. The levels of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion of the samples using Kjldahl heating digester. The heavy metal concentrations among the fish species were statistically dissimilar (P < 0.5). The heavy metals of Pb, Fe, and Mn were above the FAO/WHO agreeable limits for human consumption.

scholarly journals Heavy-Metals as Environmental Health Indicator of the Lagos Lagoon Complex, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Health Indicator ◽  
Fish Tissues ◽  
Pollution Status ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Lagos Lagoon

The study was conducted on heavy metals contents of water, fish tissues and sediment from Lagos lagoon complex, Nigeria. The aim was to assess the current environmental health/pollution status of the lagoon from three sample stations: Ologe lagoon [1], Badagry creek [2] and Lagos island [3]; each having three (3) hotspots. In all, twelve (11) heavy metals were determined between June and November, 2018. Heavy metals: Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Na, Potassium, Ca, Mn, Cd, Hg and Nickel were determined using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results of mean Heavy metals in fish tissues were: Zn (0.741±0.38), Fe (5.59±8.32), Pb (0.12±0.17mg/l), Cu (0.16±0.25), Na (9.38±0.25), Ca (116.68±41.53), Mn (0.76±0.96), Pb (0.01±0.0), Cd (0.02±0.0), Potassium (12.09±2.34), Ni (0.02±0.02) and Hg (0.01±0.0). Statistical analysis showed variations in the distribution of Heavy metals which are mostly within recommended limits of WHO, FME, & LASEPA. Except for iron (Fe), which was found in excess in fish tissues, and other metals (lead), found in higher conc. in sediments than in water and fish tissues combined. This is indicative of heavy metals bio-accumulation in the study area.

scholarly journals Bioakumulasi Logam Berat Pb dan Cu terhadap Penaeus merguiensis di Perairan Teluk Kelabat Bagian Dalam

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andini Komalasari ◽  
Budi Afriyansyah ◽  
Muhammad Ihsan ◽  
Mohammad Agung Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Average Ability ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Penaeus Merguiensis

Bioaccumulation of Pb and Cu Heavy Metals to Penaeus merguiensis in the Waters of Inner Kelabat BayThe waters of Kelabat Bay has a wealth of marine resources that is quite important in supporting the economy of Bangka Regency and West Bangka Regency. The purpose of this research was to measure the concentration of heavy metals Pb and Cu (sea water, sediment, and Penaeus merguiensis) and measure the ability of Penaeus merguiensis in accumulating heavy metals Pb and Cu. Heavy metals Pb and Cu in Water, sediments and Penaeus merguiensis analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Flame AAS). The results showed that concentration of heavy metals in water with an average range of Pb (0,1042-0,1748 mg/L) and Cu (0,000013-0,000021 mg/L). Average concentration of heavy metals in Pb sediments (7,15-7,73 mg/kg) and Cu (0,0016-0,00219 mg/kg ). Average concentration of Pb heavy metals in Penaeus merguiensis (1,34-1,54 mg/kg) and Cu (0,0003-0,00045 mg/kg). The average ability of Penaeus merguiensis in accumulating heavy metals Pb and Cu is 15,83 to water and 0,19 to sediment. The value of the Bioconcentration Factor is below 250 (FBK <250) so it falls into the low category. Penaeus merguiensis is more exposed to heavy metals dissolved in water than those released from sediment.Perairan Teluk Kelabat memiliki kekayaan sumber daya laut yang cukup penting dalam mendukung perekonomian Kabupaten Bangka dan Kabupaten Bangka Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kandungan logam berat Pb dan Cu (air laut, sedimen, dan Penaeus merguiensis) dan mengukur kemampuan Penaeus merguiensis dalam mengakumulasi logam berat Pb dan Cu. Logam berat Pb dan Cu padaair, sedimen dan Penaeus merguiensisdianalisis menggunakan Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Flame AAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi logam berat dalam air dengan kisaran rata-rata Pb (0,1042-0,1748 mg/L) dan Cu (0,000013-0,000021 mg/L). Kisaran konsentrasi rata-rata logam berat dalam sedimen Pb (7,15-7,73 mg/kg) dan Cu (0,0016-0,00219 mg/kg). Kisaran konsentrasi rata-rata logam berat Pb di Penaeus merguiensis (1,34-1,54 mg/kg) dan Cu (0,0003-0,00045 mg/kg). Kemampuan rata-rata Penaeus merguiensis dalam mengakumulasi logam berat Pb dan Cu yaitu 15,83 terhadap air dan 0,19 terhadap sedimen. Nilai Faktor Biokonsentrasi tersebut di bawah 250 (FBK< 250) sehingga masuk dalam kategori rendah. Penaeus merguiensis lebih banyak terpapar logam berat yang terlarut dalam air daripada yang terlepas dari sedimen. 

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