scholarly journals Famine Exposure in Early Life and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Adulthood: Findings From Prospective Cohort Studies in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Ning ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Yanlei Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Xin Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Child Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Famine Exposure

Abstract Background: This study will investigate effect of famine exposure in early life associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood during the Chinese Famine.Methods: A total of 3,418 individuals aged 35-74 years free of diabetes in 2006 and in 2009 study surveys, were prospectively followed up to 2009 and 2012, respectively. Individuals were grouped into non-exposed (1962-1978), fetal-exposed (1959-1961), childhood-exposed (1949-1958) and adolescence/adult-exposed cohorts (1931-1948). Logistic regression model was employed to assess effect of famine exposure on diabetes incidence, adjusting for potential covariates.Results: During a mean follow up of 3 years, the age-adjusted cumulative incidences of type 2 diabetes were 6.3%, 13.0% 11.0% and 13.8% in non-exposed, fetal, child and adolescence/adult-exposed cohorts, respectively (P=0.026). Compared with non-exposed individuals, relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for diabetes incidence were 2.15(1.29-3.60), 1.53(0.93-2.51), and 1.65(0.75-3.63) in those exposure in fetal, child and adolescence/adult, controlling for covariates. The interactions between famine exposure and obesity, education, family history of diabetes were not observed, except for famine exposure and residential areas. Individuals lived in rural areas increased risk for type 2 diabetes in fetal and child exposure, with an incidence relative risk (95% confidence interval) of 8.79(1.82-42.54) and 2.33(1.17-4.65), respectively.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that famine exposure in early life is an independent predictor on type 2 diabetes, particularly in women. The identification and intervention on critical time can prevent residents from diabetes in later life.The clinical trial was registered, more detail linked in https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home, as registration no. NCT01053195.

scholarly journals Regular Consumption of Soft Drinks is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Incidence in Mexican Adults: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Torres-Ibarra ◽  
Berenice Rivera-Paredez ◽  
Rubí Hernández-López ◽  
Francisco Canto-Osorio ◽  
Luz María Sánchez-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mexican Adults ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background: Although high consumption of soft drinks has been associated with excess of type 2 diabetes risk, the strength of this association in the Mexican population, where a type 2 diabetes genetic susceptibility has well established, has been scarcely studied. This study aimed to estimate the risk of type 2 diabetes due to soft drinks consumption in a cohort of Mexicans. Methods: We used data on 1,445 participants from the Health Workers Cohort Study, a prospective cohort conducted in Cuernavaca, Mexico. Soft drinks consumption was assessed with a semi-quantitative 116-item food frequency questionnaire. Incident type 2 diabetes was defined as self-report of physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes, or fasting glucose >126 mg/dl, or use of hypoglycemic medication at any examination. Hazard ratios (HRs) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models.Results: With a total of 9,526.2 person-years of follow-up, 109 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were observed. Type 2 diabetes incidence rate was 7.6, 11.0, and 17.1 per 1,000 person-years across levels of soft drinks consumption of <1, 1-4, and ³5 servings/week, respectively (p<0.001 for trend). The intake of ≥5 soft drinks/week was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 2.0, 95%CI: 1.1–3.8) compared with consumption of <1/week. This association was not modified by family history of diabetes. The HR was attenuated by further adjustment for body mass index (HR 1.6, 95%CI: 0.8-2.9) and abdominal obesity (HR 1.7, 95%CI: 0.9-3.2). Conclusions: The consumption of soft drinks was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in a cohort of Mexican adults. Our results further support recommendations to limit intake of soft drinks to address the growing diabetes epidemic in Mexico.

scholarly journals Early-Life Exposure to Famine and Risk of MetabolicAssociated Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4063
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Guimin Wang ◽  
Yiling Wu ◽  
Ying Guan ◽  
Zhen Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Famine Exposure

Background: Early-life exposure to the Chinese famine has been related to the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease later in life. Nevertheless, the long-term impact of famine exposure on metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a recently proposed term to describe liver disease associated with known metabolic dysfunction, remains unknown. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between early famine exposure and MAFLD in adulthood. Methods: A total of 26,821 participants (10,994 men, 15,827 women) were recruited from a cohort study of Chinese adults in Shanghai. We categorized participants into four famine exposure subgroups based on the birth year as nonexposed (1963–1967), fetal-exposed (1959–1962), childhood-exposed (1949–1958), and adolescence-exposed (1941–1948). MAFLD was defined as liver steatosis detected by ultrasound plus one of the following three criteria: overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes, or evidence of metabolic dysregulation. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to examine the association between famine exposure and MAFLD. Results: The mean ± standard deviation age of the participants was 60.8 ± 6.8 years. The age-adjusted prevalence of MAFLD was 38.3, 40.8, 40.1, and 36.5% for the nonexposed, fetal-exposed, childhood-exposed, and adolescence-exposed subgroups, respectively. Compared with nonexposed participants, fetal-exposed participants showed an increased risk of adulthood MAFLD (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.00–1.21). The significant association between fetal famine exposure and MAFLD was observed in women (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.08–1.37), but not in men (OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.75–1.03). In age-balanced analyses combining pre-famine and post-famine births as the reference, women exposed to famine in the fetal stage still had an increased risk of MAFLD (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05–1.26). Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to famine showed a sex-specific association with the risk of MAFLD in adulthood.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Norwegian HUNT cohort study: does family history or genetic predisposition modify the association?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001948
Author(s):  
Marion Denos ◽  
Xiao-Mei Mai ◽  
Bjørn Olav Åsvold ◽  
Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
P Value ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

IntroductionWe sought to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults who participated in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), and the possible effect modification by family history and genetic predisposition.Research design and methodsThis prospective study included 3574 diabetes-free adults at baseline who participated in the HUNT2 (1995–1997) and HUNT3 (2006–2008) surveys. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined at baseline and classified as <50 and ≥50 nmol/L. Family history of diabetes was defined as self-reported diabetes among parents and siblings. A Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) for T2DM based on 166 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was generated. Incident T2DM was defined by self-report and/or non-fasting glucose levels greater than 11 mmol/L and serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody level of <0.08 antibody index at the follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to calculate adjusted ORs with 95% CIs. Effect modification by family history or PRS was assessed by likelihood ratio test (LRT).ResultsOver 11 years of follow-up, 92 (2.6%) participants developed T2DM. A higher risk of incident T2DM was observed in participants with serum 25(OH)D level of<50 nmol/L compared with those of ≥50 nmol/L (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.86). Level of 25(OH)D<50 nmol/L was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in adults without family history of diabetes (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.62 to 9.24) but not in those with a family history (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.62, p value for LRT=0.003). There was no effect modification by PRS (p value for LRT>0.23).ConclusionSerum 25(OH)D<50 nmol/L was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in Norwegian adults. The inverse association was modified by family history of diabetes but not by genetic predisposition to T2DM.

scholarly journals Regular consumption of soft drinks is associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in Mexican adults: findings from a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Torres-Ibarra ◽  
Berenice Rivera-Paredez ◽  
Rubí Hernández-López ◽  
Francisco Canto-Osorio ◽  
Luz María Sánchez-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mexican Adults ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background Although high consumption of soft drinks has been associated with excess of type 2 diabetes risk, the strength of this association in the Mexican population, where a type 2 diabetes genetic susceptibility has been well established, has been scarcely studied. This study aimed to estimate the risk of type 2 diabetes due to soft drinks consumption in a cohort of Mexicans. Methods We used data on 1445 participants from the Health Workers Cohort Study, a prospective cohort conducted in Cuernavaca, Mexico. Soft drinks consumption was assessed with a semi-quantitative 116-item food frequency questionnaire. Incident type 2 diabetes was defined as self-report of physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose > 126 mg/dl, or hypoglycemic medication at any examination. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. Results With a total of 9526.2 person-years of follow-up, 109 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were observed. Type 2 diabetes incidence rate was 7.6, 11.0, and 17.1 per 1000 person-years across levels of soft drinks consumption of < 1, 1–4, and ≥ 5 servings/week, respectively (p < 0.001 for trend). The intake of ≥5 soft drinks/week was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 1.9 95% CI:1.0–3.5) compared with consumption of < 1/week (p-trend = 0.040). The HR was attenuated by further adjustment for body mass index (HR 1.5 95%CI:0.8–2.8) and abdominal obesity (HR 1.6 95%CI:0.8–3.0). Conclusions The consumption of soft drinks was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in a cohort of Mexican adults. Our results further support recommendations to limit soft drinks intake to address the growing diabetes epidemic in Mexico.

Food contaminants and programming of type 2 diabetes: recent findings from animal studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Firmin ◽  
N. Bahi-Jaber ◽  
L. Abdennebi-Najar
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Insulin Synthesis ◽  
Increased Risk

It is now accepted that the way our health evolves with aging is intimately linked to the quality of our early life. The present review highlights the emerging data of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease field on developmental disruption by toxicants and their subsequent effect on type 2 diabetes. We report adverse neonatal effects of several food contaminants during pregnancy and lactation, among them bisphenol A, chlorpyrifos, perfluorinated chemicals on pancreas integrity and functionality in later life. The described alterations, in conjunction with disruption of β cell mass in early life, can lead to dysregulation of glucose metabolism, insulin synthesis, which facilitates the development of insulin resistance and progression of diabetes in the adult. Despite limited and often inconclusive epidemiologic and experimental data, more recent data clearly show that infants appear to be at increased risk of type 2 diabetes in later life. This may be a result of continued exposure to chemical food contaminants during the critical window of pancreas development. In societies already burdened with increased incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases, there is a clear need for information regarding the potential harmful effects of chemical food contaminants on adult health diseases.

scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes risk in sarcoidosis patients untreated and treated with corticosteroids

2021 ◽  
pp. 00028-2021
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Entrop ◽  
Susanna Kullberg ◽  
Johan Grunewald ◽  
Anders Eklund ◽  
Kerstin Brismar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Drug Register ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd Codes

BackgroundThe rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is increased in sarcoidosis patients but it is unknown if corticosteroid treatment plays a role. We investigated whether the T2D risk is higher in untreated and corticosteroid-treated sarcoidosis patients compared to the general population.MethodsIn this cohort study individuals with ≥2 ICD codes for sarcoidosis were identified from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR; n=5754). Corticosteroid dispensations ±3 months from first sarcoidosis diagnosis were identified from the Prescribed Drug Register (PDR). General population comparators without sarcoidosis were matched to cases 10:1 on age, sex and region of residence (n=61 297). Incident T2D was identified using ICD codes (NPR) and antidiabetic drug dispensations (PDR). Follow-up was from second sarcoidosis diagnosis/matching date until T2D, emigration, death or study end (Dec 2013). Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, country of birth, healthcare regions and family history of diabetes estimated hazard ratios (HR 95%CI). We used flexible parametric models to examine the T2D risk over time.Results40% of sarcoidosis patients were corticosteroid-treated at diagnosis. The T2D rate was 7.7/1000 person-years in untreated sarcoidosis, 12.7 in corticosteroid-treated sarcoidosis and 5.5 in comparators. The HR for T2D was 1.4 (95%CI 1.2–1.8) associated with untreated sarcoidosis and 2.3 (95%CI 2.0–3.0) associated with corticosteroid-treated sarcoidosis. The T2D risk was highest for corticosteroid-treated sarcoidosis in the first 2 years after diagnosis.ConclusionSarcoidosis is associated with an increased risk of T2D especially in older, male, corticosteroid-treated patients at diagnosis. Screening for T2D for these patients is advisable.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Harish Basera ◽  
Dr. K.C. Pant
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Thyroid hormone deficiency can lead to adverse health effects even death, if left untreated. It is a pathological condition known as hypothyroidism. Most common symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults are weight gain, fatigue, lethargy, cold intolerance, constipation, and dry skin. These clinical presentations can differ with age and sex, among other factors. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), is associated with an increased risk of developing a number of clinical conditions, like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, lung disease, malignant condition, and psychiatric disorders, both before and after the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the chronic endocrine disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting in impaired insulin secretion insulin resistance. Material and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at OPD of Dept. of Medicine at Govt. Doon Medical College and Hospital. The study period was between jan2019 to August 2019. The anthropometric measurements and demographic characteristics of patients included in the study were recorded. The clinical details and medications are entered into Excel sheet of Microsoft Excel 2013. Biochemical tests were done and reports were entered. Results: Prevalence of hypothyroidism in T2DM is found to be 10.94% in our study. Average BMI was observed to be 28.01 kg/m2 with SD of 3.39 kg/m2. Level of T3 and T4 were observed to be 0.98(0.23) ng/ml and 1.24(0.29) ng/ml respectively. Fasting blood glucose level was 133.05(17.81) mg/dl and post prandial blood glucose level was 201.54(27.33) mg/dl. Among all 112 patients, 71(63.39%) of cases had a family history of diabetes. Conclusion: It is noted that one-tenth of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has hypothyroidism. BMI was noted to be more than 28 kg/m2 among all patients. Hypothyroidism may be prevalent in T2DM patients due to duration of diabetes, obesity. To confirm the findings, more studies in this area are required. Keywords: T2DM, Hypothyroidism, TSH, T3, T4.

scholarly journals Associations between Relative Handgrip Strength and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-aged and Older adults: Finding from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-384
Author(s):  
Eun Sun Yoon ◽  
Soo Hyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk

PURPOSE: We investigated whether relative handgrip strength (RHS) and change in handgrip strength predicted Type 2 DM incidence in middle-aged and older adults.METHODS: Total of 29,098 participants (8,609 men and 20,489 women) aged 40-69 who were free of diabetes at the baseline examination drawn from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Urban Health Examinees cohort (KoGES-HEXA), a large prospective population-based study. RHS was assessed with a dynamometer and divided by body mass index. Diabetes was defined as selfreported physician-diagnosed diabetes, use of anti-diabetic medications or measured fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) ≥6.5%. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of Diabetes incidences according to baseline RHS levels and RHS changes.RESULTS: During a mean follow-up period of 4 years (49.8±13.3 month), 1,167 (4.0%) participants developed diabetes. Compared with the high RHS group, higher risk of diabetes incidence was observed in low RHS group (men HR=1.28, 95% CI 1.06-1.55, women HR=1.32, 95% CI 1.12-1.54) after adjusted for age, triglyceride, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, marriage, income, education hypertension, family history of diabetes, fasting glucose, regular exercise. In addition, compared with the sustained high RHS group, sustained low RHS group showed an increased risk of diabetes incidence (men HR=1.60, 95% CI 1.28-2.00, women HR=1.85, 95% CI 1.52-2.24) after adjustment. However, the risk was not statistically significant in increased RHS group (men HR=0.98, 95% CI 0.73-1.31, women HR=1.11, 95% CI 0.85-1.43).CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that RHS is independently associated with the risk of incident diabetes in middle and older adults. RHS measurement may be useful to identify individuals at increased risk for diabetes incidence. Maintaining a high level of RHS is important strategies for diabetes prevention among adults.

scholarly journals Sugar-Sweetened Soda Consumption Increases Diabetes Risk Among Mexican Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Stern ◽  
Mónica Mazariegos ◽  
Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo ◽  
Hannia Campos ◽  
Vasanti S Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Early Life Factors ◽  
Soda Consumption ◽  
Incident Cases

ABSTRACT Background Epidemiological evidence supports an association between sugar-sweetened soda consumption and diabetes. However, evidence regarding this association is limited in countries that have recently undergone a nutritional transition. Objective We estimated the association between sugar-sweetened soda consumption and incident diabetes. We also determined if the association between sugar-sweetened soda and diabetes differs as a result of early life factors and potential genetic susceptibility. Methods We used data from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort including 72,667 women aged ≥25 y, free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline. We assessed sugar-sweetened soda consumption using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. Diabetes was self-reported. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate the association between quintiles of sugar-sweetend soda and diabetes. We also estimated the associaiton by increasing one serving per day (355 mL) of sugar-sweetened soda. We conducted prespecified subgroup analysis by potential effect modifiers, namely markers of energy balance of early life factors, family history of diabetes, and Amerindian admixture. Results During a median follow-up of 2.16 y (IQR 0.75–4.50) we identified 3,155 incident cases of diabetes. The median consumption of sugar-sweetened soda was 1.17 servings per day (IQR 0.47– 4.00). In multivariable analyses, comparing extreme quintiles showed that higher sugar-sweetened soda consumption was associated with diabetes incidence (HR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.49), and each additional serving per day of sugar-sweetened soda was associated with an increase of 27% in diabetes incidence (HR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.38). The soda–diabetes association was stronger among women who experienced intrauterine and childhood over-nutrition (high birth weight, no short stature, higher adiposity in premenarche, and higher adiposity at age 18–20 y old). Conclusion Sugar-sweetened soda consumption is associated with an increased risk of diabetes among Mexican women in a magnitude similar to that reported in other populations. The stronger association among individuals with markers of early life over-nutrition reinforce the need for early life interventions.

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