scholarly journals The nexus between health status and health expenditure, energy consumption and environmental pollution: Empirical evidence from SAARC-BIMSTEC regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mafizur Rahman ◽  
Khosrul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for the betterment of health status, while also considering health expenditure, energy, and environmental issues. This paper examines the nexus between health status and health expenditure (both public and private), energy consumption and environmental pollution in the SAARC-BIMSTEC region.Methodology: We utilized the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, heterogeneous panel causality test, cross sectional dependence test, cointegration test and Pesaran cross sectional dependent (CADF) unit root test for obtaining estimated results from data over 16 years (2002-2017). Results: Our results authorize the cointegration among the variables used, where energy consumption, public and private health expenditure and economic growth have positive and statistically significant effects and environmental pollution has both negative and significant effects on the health status of these regions in the long-term, but no panel wise significant impact is found in the short-term. Two-way causal relationships between health status and environmental pollution, public and private health expenditure, economic growth and sanitation facilities, and a one-way causality running from energy consumption to health status are presented. Conclusions: The improved health status in the SAARC-BIMSTEC region needs to be protected by articulating the effective policies on both public and private health expenditures, environmental pollution, energy consumption, and economic growth. The attained results are theoretically and empirically consistent, and have important policy implications in the health sector.

scholarly journals The Nexus Between Health Status and Health Expenditure, Energy Consumption and Environmental Pollution: Empirical Evidence from SAARC-BIMSTEC Regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mafizur Rahman ◽  
Khosrul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Background: The prevailing COVID-19 pandemic made us deep concern for considering the betterment of health status along with health expenditure, energy, and environmental issues all over the world. This paper examines the nexus between health status and health expenditures (both public and private), energy consumption and environmental pollution in the SAARC-BIMSTEC region.Methodology: We have utilized the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, heterogeneous panel causality test, cross sectional dependence test, cointegration test and Pesaran cross sectional dependent (CADF) unit root test for obtaining estimated results from the data of 16 years (2002-2017). Results: The acquired results authorize the cointegration among the variables used, where energy consumption, public and private health expenditure and economic growth have positive and statistically significant effects and environmental pollution has both negative and significant effects on the health status of these regions in the long-run, but no panel wise significant impact is found in the short-run. Two-way causal relationships between health status and environmental pollution, public and private health expenditure, economic growth and sanitation facilities, and a one-way causality running from energy consumption to health status are revealed.Conclusions: The improved health status in the SAARC-BIMSTEC region required to be protected by articulating the effective policies on both public and private health expenditures, environmental pollution, energy consumption, and economic growth. The attained results are theoretically and empirically consistent, and have important policy implications in the health sector.JEL codes: I10, I15, I18, C23

scholarly journals The nexus between health status and health expenditure, energy consumption and environmental pollution: empirical evidence from SAARC-BIMSTEC regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mafizur Rahman ◽  
Khosrul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for the betterment of health status, while also considering health expenditure, energy, and environmental issues. This paper examines the nexus between health status and health expenditure (both public and private), energy consumption and environmental pollution in the SAARC-BIMSTEC region. Methods We utilized the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, the heterogeneous panel causality test, the cross sectional dependence test, the cointegration test and the Pesaran cross sectional dependent (CADF) unit root test for obtaining estimated results from data over 16 years (2002–2017). Results Our results authorize the cointegration among the variables used, where the coefficients of energy consumption, public and private health expenditures, and economic growth are 0.027, 0.014, 0.030, and 0.029, respectively, and indicating positive and statistically significant effects. The coefficient of environmental pollution is − 0.085, implying significant negative effect on the health status of these regions in the long-run. However, no panel wise significant impact is found in the short-run. Bidirectional and unidirectional causal links between the studied variables and the health status are also identified.. Conclusions The improved health status in the SAARC-BIMSTEC region needs to be protected by articulating the effective policies. The attained results are theoretically and empirically consistent, and have important policy implications in the health sector.

scholarly journals Causal Linkage amongst Public Expenditure on Health, Health Status and Growth: New Empirical Evidence from Toda-Yamamoto Approach for Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Emife Nwani ◽  
Ikechukwu Kelikume
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Health Status ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Integration Test

This study investigates the causal linkages amongst public expenditure on health, health status and economic growth in Nigeria using the Toda-Yamamoto technique. The choice of the Toda-Yamamoto approach is predicated on its simplicity and the ability to overcome the shortcomings inherent in the conventional causality procedures by producing more robust results through the estimation of the augmented VAR that guarantees the asymptotic distribution of the Wald statistic. To this end, the study collected annual time series data from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Statistical bulletin and the World Development Indicator on public expenditure on health, life expectancy, infant mortality and real gross domestic product spanning 38 years from 1981 to 2018. The result of the study’s empirical analysis based on the co-integration test indicates that public health expenditure, health status and economic growth have long-run association. Further, the Toda-Yamamoto causality test result reveals the absence of causality between health expenditure and health status. Similarly, health status and economic growth are not causally interdependent. On the basis of the findings, the paper vehemently concludes that efforts to stimulate economic growth by targeting health outcomes improvement through public expenditure will be futile. As such, there is the need to develop better national health policy and programmes such as compulsory national health insurance that is capable of resolving the fundamental problems in the health sector. This would help integrate healthcare into the mainstream of the Nigerian economy.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Further Evidence from Taiwan

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Chung-Wei Kao ◽  
Jer-Yuh Wan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Business Cycle

This paper investigates the nonlinear relationship between energy consumption and GDP in Taiwan. By applying the method of Gonzalo and Pitarakis (2006), we consider the possibility of significant threshold effects within the long-run relationship between the two variables, where the effect is trigged by changes in the phase of the business cycle. The Granger-causality test in a threshold model indicates the relationship between energy consumption and GDP is regime-dependent. A bidirectional relationship between these two variables is observed in the contractionary regime, implying that energy serves as an engine of economic growth and that reductions in energy use will have adverse effects on economic activities. On the other hand, a unidirectional causality running from GDP to energy consumption is detected in the expansionary regime. It indicates energy conservation is feasible in this regime with little or no detrimental effects on economic growth. The policy implications are that energy use and economic growth are jointly reinforcing each other during recessionary periods. However, in periods of high economic growth when energy consumption cannot bring about economic growth, energy conservation policies should be adopted with more aggressive thinking.

scholarly journals Solar Energy and CO2 Emissions: CCEMG Estimations for 26 Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taner Güney ◽  
Duygu Ince
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Correlated Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Although research establishes that the impact of renewable energy on environmental sustainability is critical in the era of globalization, the individual impact of renewable energy on the environment is often ignored. Therefore, this article examines the long-term relationships and direction of these relationships between solar energy consumption, coal energy consumption, financial globalization, economic growth, and environmental pollution for the period from 2000 to 2019 for 26 countries. The study used a range of econometric techniques that account for the cross-sectional dependence and slope homogeneity observed in the panel. The results of the common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) estimator showed that solar energy consumption has a negative and significant effect on the level of carbon emissions. In addition, economic growth and coal energy increase carbon emissions. Finally, the results of the panel causality test confirmed the existence of various causal relationships among the variables.

Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth and carbon emission in BRICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umer Jeelanie Banday ◽  
Ranjan Aneja
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth Hypothesis

Purpose The purpose of this study is to find the causal relationship among energy consumption (renewable energy and non-renewable energy), gross domestic product (GDP) growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa for the period of 1990-2017. Design/methodology/approach The study uses bootstrap Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel causality test, which accepts heterogeneity and dependency in cross-sectional units across emerging countries. Findings The results find unidirectional causality from GDP to CO2 for India, China, Brazil, South Africa and no causality for Russia. The causality results from renewable energy consumption to GDP show that there is evidence of feedback hypothesis for China and Brazil, growth hypothesis for Russia, conservation hypothesis for South Africa and neutrality hypothesis for India. However, the results accept growth hypothesis for India, China, Russia, Brazil and neutrality hypothesis for South Africa. In the case of renewable energy and non-renewable energy consumption to CO2 emission, the results find convergence in India, Russia and South Africa and divergence in China and Brazil. Originality/value It is the first study that investigates the part of balanced economic growth, instead of simply financial development in those economies. Numerous studies have used diverse factors such as economic development, renewable energy, non-renewable energy and CO2 emission; however, the examination has used total GDP growth rate, energy consumption and CO2 emissions.

The relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in Tanzania

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Mohammed Albiman ◽  
Najat Nassor Suleiman ◽  
Hamad Omar Baka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Variance Decomposition ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Toda And Yamamoto

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic relationship that exists between energy consumption, environmental pollution and per capita economic growth in Tanzania. The energy consumption is represented by electricity usage in kilowatt hours (kWh) per capita, while environmental pollution is represented by carbon emission per metric tons and economic growth by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Design/methodology/approach This investigation is made based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve using time series annual data from 1975 to 2013 by applying the more robust causality technique of Toda and Yamamoto non-Causality test (1995), Impulse response and Variance Decomposition, Augumented and Dickey–Fueller test and Philips and Perron Test of unit root tests. Findings Economic growth rate (LGDP) and energy consumption per capita (LENGY), both being unidirectional, cause environmental pollution through carbon emission (LCO2) in Tanzania. Interestingly, after using impulse response, a significant and positive economic growth (GDP per capita) was found due to shocks from electricity per capita (energy consumption) and carbon emission (LCO2) with time. The Variance Decomposition suggested that the percentage of the variations due to shocks or innovations of economic growth (LGDP) and energy consumption (LENGY) to carbon emission is very high and significant, accounting to 46 and 41 per cent, respectively, in 10 years to come. Research limitations/implications The study recommends that, in the future, the relationship be examined using super-exogeneity causality tests that takes into consideration the changes in policy or regime in contrast to Toda and Yamamoto. Furthermore, the addition of other variables such as fixed capital formation and labor force, which were not considered in this study, may result in strong correlation. Practical implications The results imply that the government of Tanzania can adopt environment conservation and energy saving policies without affecting its economic growth. As a matter of fact, to put a stop to persistent environmental pollution in Tanzania, the energy saving policy should be put in place rather quickly. It is imperative that the government implements policies and strategies that ensure continuous economic growth without forsaking the environment. Originality/value Despite the increase in carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Tanzania since 2000, to date, no previous work has been done to investigate their multivariate relationship. This is the first study that uses the Toda and Yamamoto non-Causality test, Impulse Response and Variance Decomposition Analysis to investigate a trivariate relationship of the variables mentioned above.

scholarly journals The Effect of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth on Environmental Sustainability in the GCC Countries: Does Financial Development Matter?

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5897
Author(s):  
Hala Baydoun ◽  
Mehmet Aga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gcc Countries

Achieving environmental sustainability whilst minimizing the climate change effect has become a global endeavor. Hence, this study examined the effect of energy consumption, economic growth, financial development, and globalization on CO2 emissions in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The research utilized a dataset stretching from 1995 to 2018. In a bid to investigate these associations, the study applied cross-sectional dependence (CSD), slope heterogeneity (SH), Pesaran unit root, Westerlund cointegration, cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL), and Dumitrescu and Hurlin (DH) causality approaches. The outcomes of the CSD and SH tests indicated that using the first-generation techniques produces misleading results. The panel unit root analysis unveiled that the series are I (1). Furthermore, the outcomes of the cointegration test revealed a long-run association between CO2 emissions and the regressors, suggesting evidence of cointegration. The findings of the CS-ARDL showed that economic growth and energy consumption decrease environmental sustainability, while globalization improves it. The study also validated the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for GCC economies. In addition, the results of the DH causality test demonstrated a feedback causality association between economic growth and CO2 emissions and between financial development and CO2 emissions. Moreover, there is a one-way causality from energy consumption and globalization to CO2 emissions in GCC economies. According to the findings, environmental pollution in GCC countries is output-driven, which means that it is determined by the amount of energy generated and consumed.

scholarly journals Health Expenditure-Economic Growth Relationship in OECD Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Batuhan Tufaner ◽  
Fatma Dizge ◽  
Zeynep Emir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Panel Causality ◽  
The Relationship

Capital accumulation is one of the most important components of economic growth. Health expenditure is also one of the ways to increase capital accumulation and thus economic growth. Therefore, the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth is of great importance especially for developing countries. In this context, the relationship between health expenditures and economic growth was investigated for the period 2000-2016 and for 36 OECD countries. For this purpose, firstly unit root tests were performed in the study and then panel cointegration and panel causality tests were applied to determine the relationship between the two variables. Since there was a cross-sectional dependence in the variables, second-generation panel tests were used. As a result of the cointegration test, it is understood that there is no cointegration relationship between health expenditures and economic growth. The panel causality test revealed that there was no causality from health expenditures to economic growth, but there was a causality relationship from economic growth to health expenditures. Findings from the study show that health expenditure does not affect economic growth, but economic growth increases health expenditure in the short term. Therefore, it can be stated that developing countries have the advantage of time to increase the quality of health services.

Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in China: A Cointegration Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1616-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Wei Wang ◽  
Cheng Ling Cai ◽  
Dan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Growth Energy

This paper studies the relationships between economic growth, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) procedure and Engle-Granger causality test in China over the period 1965-2011. The empirical results show that GDP, energy and carbon emissions have appeared to be cointegrated. Moreover, there exists unidirectional causality from energy consumption to economic growth and carbon emissions to economic growth in short run. It has also been found that energy consumption and carbon emissions promote economic growth in long run. Some policy implications have been proposed finally.

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