scholarly journals Influence of Flow Rate, Fluid Temperature, and Extension Line on Hotline and S-Line Heating Capability: an in Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosu Kim ◽  
Tae Kyong Kim ◽  
Sukha Yoo ◽  
Jin-Tae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Flow Rate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Fluid Warmer

Abstract Background A fluid warmer can prevent hypothermia during the perioperative period. This study evaluated the heating capabilities of Hotline and Barkey S-line under different flow rates and initial fluid temperatures, as well as after the extension line installation. Methods We measured the temperature of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution at the fluid warmer outlet (TProx) and the extension line end (TDistal) with three different initial fluid temperatures (room, warm, and cold) and two flow rates (250 ml/hr and 100 mL/hr). Results At a 250 ml/hr flow rate, the TProx and TDistal values were observed to be higher in Hotline than in S-line when using a room-temperature fluid; similar results were observed for the cold fluid. Administration of the warm fluid was observed to significantly increase the TProx and TDistal values in S-line at rates of 250 ml/hr more than the administration of the cold and room-temperature fluids. At flow rates of 100 ml/hr, TDistal values were significantly lower than TProx values in both devices regardless of the initial fluid temperature. Conclusions Hotline outperformed S-line for warming fluids at a high flow rate with cold or room-temperature fluids. The administration of the initially warm fluid prevented a decrease in the fluid temperature at a high flow rate in S-line. However, at a low flow rate, the fluid temperature significantly decreased in both devices after passing through an extension line.

scholarly journals Influence of flow rate, fluid temperature, and extension line on Hotline and S-line heating capability: an in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosu Kim ◽  
Tae Kyong Kim ◽  
Sukha Yoo ◽  
Jin-Tae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Flow Rate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Fluid Warmer

Abstract Background A fluid warmer can prevent hypothermia during the perioperative period. This study evaluated the heating capabilities of Hotline and Barkey S-line under different flow rates and initial fluid temperatures, as well as after the extension line installation. Methods We measured the temperature of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution at the fluid warmer outlet (TProx) and the extension line end (TDistal) with three different initial fluid temperatures (room, warm, and cold) and two flow rates (250 ml/hr and 100 mL/hr). Results At a 250 ml/hr flow rate, the TProx and TDistal values were observed to be higher in Hotline than in S-line when using room-temperature or cold fluid. Administering of the warm fluid at the same flow rate significantly increased the TProx and TDistal values in S-line more than the cold and room-temperature fluids. At flow rates of 100 ml/hr, TDistal values were significantly lower than TProx values in both devices regardless of the initial fluid temperature. Conclusions Hotline outperformed S-line for warming fluids at a high flow rate with cold or room-temperature fluids. Administering warm fluid in S-line prevented a decrease in the fluid temperature at a high flow rate. However, at a low flow rate, the fluid temperature significantly decreased in both devices after passing through an extension line.

scholarly journals Influence of flow rate, fluid temperature, and extension line on Hotline and S-line heating capability: an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosu Kim ◽  
Tae Kyong Kim ◽  
Sukha Yoo ◽  
Jin-Tae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Flow Rate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Fluid Warmer

Abstract Background A fluid warmer can prevent hypothermia during the perioperative period. This study evaluated the heating capabilities of Hotline and Barkey S-line under different flow rates and initial fluid temperatures, as well as after the extension line installation. Methods We measured the temperature of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution at the fluid warmer outlet (TProx) and the extension line end (TDistal) with three different initial fluid temperatures (room, warm, and cold) and two flow rates (250 ml/hr and 100 mL/hr). Results At a 250 ml/hr flow rate, the TProx and TDistal values were observed to be higher in Hotline than in S-line when using room-temperature or cold fluid. Administering of the warm fluid at the same flow rate significantly increased the TProx and TDistal values in S-line more than the cold and room-temperature fluids. At flow rates of 100 ml/hr, TDistal values were significantly lower than TProx values in both devices regardless of the initial fluid temperature. Conclusions Hotline outperformed S-line for warming fluids at a high flow rate with cold or room-temperature fluids. Administering warm fluid in S-line prevented a decrease in the fluid temperature at a high flow rate. However, at a low flow rate, the fluid temperature significantly decreased in both devices after passing through an extension line.

scholarly journals Influence of flow rate, fluid temperature, and extension line on Hotline and S-line heating capability: an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosu Kim ◽  
Tae Kyong Kim ◽  
Sukha Yoo ◽  
Jin-Tae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Flow Rate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Fluid Warmer

Abstract Background A fluid warmer can prevent hypothermia during the perioperative period. This study evaluated the heating capabilities of Hotline and Barkey S-line under different flow rates and initial fluid temperatures, as well as after the extension line installation. Methods We measured the temperature of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution at the fluid warmer outlet (TProx) and the extension line end (TDistal) with three different initial fluid temperatures (room, warm, and cold) and two flow rates (250 ml/hr and 100 mL/hr). Results At a 250 ml/hr flow rate, the TProx and TDistal values were observed to be higher in Hotline than in S-line when using room-temperature or cold fluid. Administering of the warm fluid at the same flow rate significantly increased the TProx and TDistal values in S-line more than the cold and room-temperature fluids. At flow rates of 100 ml/hr, TDistal values were significantly lower than TProx values in both devices regardless of the initial fluid temperature. Conclusions Hotline outperformed S-line for warming fluids at a high flow rate with cold or room-temperature fluids. Administering warm fluid in S-line prevented a decrease in the fluid temperature at a high flow rate. However, at a low flow rate, the fluid temperature significantly decreased in both devices after passing through an extension line.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Evaluation of the Red Cell Damage and Hemocompatibility of Different Central Venous Catheters

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Alojz Ihan ◽  
Stefan Grosek ◽  
David Stubljar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Central Venous Catheters ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Flow Rate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Flow Rates

Background. The aim of our study was to evaluate the damaging impact of characteristics of the central venous catheters (CVCs) on red blood cells. Methods. CVCs from three different manufacturers were analyzed, including the presence of coating, tunnel geometry, length, lumen diameter, and number of lumens with two respective flow rates (33 mL/min and 500 mL/min). Blood cell damage was defined by analyzing microparticle (MP) and hematologic analysis. MPs were isolated by ultracentrifugation of erythrocyte concentrate and analyzed on a flow cytometer. Results. Characteristics of catheters were not associated with blood cell damage at a low flow rate but showed an effect with a high flow rate. CVCs with a polyhexanide methacrylate coating have caused statistically less blood cell damage than noncoated CVCs. The length of lumens, diameter, and geometry of the tunnel showed no differences in blood cell damage. Meanwhile, the number of lumens was predicted to have a greater effect on the erythrocyte damage, which was revealed with the formation of MPs and hematological parameters. CVCs with five lumens caused significantly less damage to the blood cells than CVCs with a single lumen. Moreover, a high flow rate of 500 mL/min caused less damage to the blood cells than a low rate of 33 mL/min. Conclusion. Properties of CVCs are an important factor for quality patient care, especially when transfusing blood with high flow rates, as we want to provide a patient with high-quality blood with as few damaged cells as possible.

scholarly journals Effect of Fluid Flow Rate on Efficacy of Fluid Warmer: An In Vitro Experimental Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Vorasruang Thongsukh ◽  
Chanida Kositratana ◽  
Aree Jandonpai
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Infusion Pump ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Fluid Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Fluid Warmer

Introduction. In patients who require a massive intraoperative transfusion, cold fluid or blood transfusion can cause hypothermia and potential adverse effects. One method by which to prevent hypothermia in these patients is to warm the intravenous fluid before infusion. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the fluid flow rate on the efficacy of a fluid warmer. Methods. The room air temperature was controlled at 24°C. Normal saline at room temperature was used for the experiment. The fluid was connected to an infusion pump and covered with a heater line, which constantly maintained the temperature at 42°C. The fluid temperature after warming was measured by an insulated thermistor at different fluid flow rates (100, 300, 600, 900, and 1200 mL/h) and compared with the fluid temperature before warming. Effective warming was defined as an outlet fluid temperature of >32°C. Results. The room temperature was 23.6°C ± 0.9°C. The fluid temperature before warming was 24.95°C ± 0.5°C. The outlet temperature was significantly higher after warming at all flow rates (p<0.001). The increases in temperature were 10.9°C ± 0.1°C, 11.5°C ± 0.1°C, 10.2°C ± 0.1°C, 10.1°C ± 0.7°C, and 8.4°C ± 0.2°C at flow rates of 100, 300, 600, 900, and 1200 mL/h, respectively. The changes in temperature among all different flow rates were statistically significant (p<0.001). The outlet temperature was >32°C at all flow rates. Conclusions. The efficacy of fluid warming was inversely associated with the increase in flow rate. The outlet temperature was <42°C at fluid flow rates of 100 to 1200 mL/h. However, all outlet temperatures reached >32°C, indicating effective maintenance of the core body temperature by infusion of warm fluid.

High Flow Rate Circulating Tumor Cell Capture Device

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taehyun Park ◽  
Daniel Sangwon Park ◽  
Michael C. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Flow Rate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Cell Capture ◽  
Flow Rates

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may become a new foundation for early stage cancer diagnosis requiring minimal patient effort [1]. This approach can overcome the limitations of current diagnostic technologies, including computer-aided tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray mammography, and ultrasound (UR) which can detect only highly calcified tumors at relatively high cost. Several studies have demonstrated CTC capture using microfluidic devices to identify the presence of human breast cancer, and the CellSearch™ immunomagnetic system (Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for monitoring post-treatment therapy, but all of the systems reported have either a long diagnosis time or unacceptable capture rates [2, 3]. CTCs in human peripheral blood are very rare events, typically 1 ∼ 2 CTCs in 1 mL of circulating blood. This low concentration of CTCs requires a large sample volume (∼7.5 mL) to ensure detection. However, current affinity-based microfluidic devices for cell capture usually operate at very low flow rates to increase the capture rate. Therefore, developing high flow rate microfluidic devices for CTC capture is essential and challenging. A new concept of high flow rate device is introduced, simulated, and tested at high flow rates.

Spray Washing of Tomatoes with Chlorine Dioxide To Minimize Salmonella on Inoculated Fruit Surfaces and Cross-Contamination from Revolving Brushes†

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2448-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN PAO ◽  
D. FRANK KELSEY ◽  
WILBERT LONG
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Flow Rate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Log Reduction

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an antimicrobial agent available for commercial produce washing. This study examined the efficacy of ClO2 at 5 parts per million (ppm) during spray washing of tomatoes (5.0 ml/s per fruit) for preventing Salmonella enterica transfer from inoculated roller brushes to fruit and wash runoff. Furthermore, the sanitizing effects of ClO2 during spray washing at low and high flow rates (5.0 and 9.3 ml/s per fruit, respectively) on tomato surfaces (nonstem scar areas) with either newly introduced (wet) or overnight air-dried Salmonella inocula were investigated. Salmonella transfer from contaminated brushes to fruit surfaces was reduced 2.1 ± 0.6 or 4.7 ± 0.2 log cycles after spray washing with water for 40 s or with the ClO2 solution for 10 s, respectively. Cross-contamination of Salmonella from brushes to wash runoff during fruit washing for 60 s decreased 5.9 ± 0.3 log cycles when ClO2 was used. Fruit washing using contaminated brushes and low flow-rate washing with either water or ClO2 solution for 10 s reduced newly introduced Salmonella on fruit surfaces by 1.7 ± 0.6 or 5.1 ± 0.3 log cycles, respectively. For fruit surfaces with air-dried inocula, washing with water and using uncontaminated brushes for 10 to 40 s reduced Salmonella by 3.2 ± 0.3 to 3.4 ± 0.4 log cycles; and the reduction was significantly improved by using ClO2, high flow rate, or a longer washing time. Washing with ClO2 at tested flow rates for 10 to 60 s resulted in a 4.4 ± 0.6 to 5.2 ± 0.1 log reduction of air-dried Salmonella on fruit surfaces.

scholarly journals Spheres in the vicinity of a bifurcation: elucidating the Zweifach–Fung effect

2011 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
pp. 359-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. DOYEUX ◽  
T. PODGORSKI ◽  
S. PEPONAS ◽  
M. ISMAIL ◽  
G. COUPIER
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Initial Distribution ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Flow Rate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Low Flow Rate

The problem of the splitting of a suspension in bifurcating channels divided into two branches of non-equal flow rates is addressed. As has long been observed, in particular in blood flow studies, the volume fraction of particles generally increases in the high-flow-rate branch and decreases in the low-flow-rate branch. In the literature, this phenomenon is sometimes interpreted as the result of some attraction of the particles towards this high-flow-rate branch. In this paper, we focus on the existence of such an attraction through microfluidic experiments and two-dimensional simulations and show clearly that such an attraction does not occur but is, on the contrary, directed towards the low-flow-rate branch. Arguments for this attraction are given and a discussion on the sometimes misleading arguments found in the literature is given. Finally, the enrichment of particles in the high-flow-rate branch is shown to be mainly a consequence of the initial distribution in the inlet branch, which shows necessarily some depletion near the walls.

Experimental Investigation of Pressure Fluctuations on Inner Wall of a Centrifugal Pump

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Qi Jia ◽  
Bao-Ling Cui ◽  
Zu-Chao Zhu ◽  
Yu-Liang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Fluctuation ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Blade Passing Frequency

Abstract Affected by rotor–stator interaction and unstable inner flow, asymmetric pressure distributions and pressure fluctuations cannot be avoided in centrifugal pumps. To study the pressure distributions on volute and front casing walls, dynamic pressure tests are carried out on a centrifugal pump. Frequency spectrum analysis of pressure fluctuation is presented based on Fast Fourier transform and steady pressure distribution is obtained based on time-average method. The results show that amplitudes of pressure fluctuation and blade-passing frequency are sensitive to the flow rate. At low flow rates, high-pressure region and large pressure gradients near the volute tongue are observed, and the main factors contributing to the pressure fluctuation are fluctuations in blade-passing frequency and high-frequency fluctuations. By contrast, at high flow rates, fluctuations of rotating-frequency and low frequencies are the main contributors to pressure fluctuation. Moreover, at low flow rates, pressure near volute tongue increases rapidly at first and thereafter increases slowly, whereas at high flow rates, pressure decreases sharply. Asymmetries are observed in the pressure distributions on both volute and front casing walls. With increasing of flow rate, both asymmetries in the pressure distributions and magnitude of the pressure decrease.

Rheological Effects of Blood in a Nonplanar Distal End-to-Side Anastomosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian-Qian Wang ◽  
Bao-Hong Ping ◽  
Qing-Bo Xu ◽  
Wen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Newtonian Fluids ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Flow Recirculation ◽  
Low Flow Rate

This study investigates rheological effects of blood on steady flows in a nonplanar distal end-to-side anastomosis. The shear-thinning behavior of blood is depicted by a Carreau–Yasuda model and a modified power-law model. To explore effects of nonplanarity in vessel geometry, a curved bypass graft is considered that connects to the host artery with a 90deg out-of-plane curvature. Navier–Stokes equations are solved using a finite volume method. Velocity and wall shear stress (WSS) are compared between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids at different flow rates. At low flow rate, difference in axial velocity profiles between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids is significant and secondary flows are weaker for non-Newtonian fluids. At high flow rate, non-Newtonian fluids have bigger peak WSS and WSS gradient. The size of the flow recirculation zone near the toe is smaller for non-Newtonian fluids and the difference is significant at low flow rate. The nonplanar bypass graft introduces helical flow in the host vessel. Results from the study reveal that near the bed, heel, and toe of the anastomotic junction where intimal hyperplasia occurs preferentially, WSS gradients are all very big. At high flow rates, WSS gradients are elevated by the non-Newtonian effect of blood but they are reduced at low flow rates. At these locations, blood rheology not only affects the WSS and its gradient but also secondary flow patterns and the size of flow recirculation near the toe. This study reemphasizes that the rheological property of blood is a key factor in studying hemodynamic effects on vascular diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document