Efficacy And Safety Of EUS-Guided Multimode Ablation Compared With Conventional Chemotherapy In Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer Patients

Abstract Background & Aims: To compare the feasibility and safety between multimode endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) and conventional chemotherapy in unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Methods: All the pathologically confirmed unresectable PDAC located in the head of the pancreas patients who underwent multimode EUS-RFA or conventional chemotherapy were retrospectively enrolled from June 2018 and April 2019. Patients who underwent multimode EUS-RFA (Group A) was performed through HybridTherm probe(HTP). Patients in Group B accepted nab-Paclitaxel plus Gemcitabine or S-1 plus Gemcitabine. The comparison between efficacy and safety of multimode EUS-RFA and conventional chemotherapy were analyzed by T test and MannWhitney test. A multivariate analysis was performed for each prognostic factor using the Cox proportional hazards model.Results: A total of 10 unresectable PDAC patients were retrospectively enrolled in Group A (mean size 9.46±5.94 cm3, range 2.00-21.09 cm3) and 9 patients in Group B (mean size 14.02±5.81cm3, range 4.60–24.62 cm3). The tumor size was significantly reduced before and after undergoing multimode EUS-RFA (P = 0.005), with an average tumor volume reduction of 38.1%.The tumor size was not significantly changed in Group B (P = 0.452). Statistically significant difference was observed in tumor size between Group A and Group B after treatment (P = 0.033). All patients died because of the progress of the tumor. The median lifetime from Group A&B was 9 months ranged 3-18 months VS 7 months ranged 1-7 months (P = 0.001). Overall no severe adverse events occurred in both groups.Conclusion: EUS-guided multimode ablation has the more feasibility in the treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer than conventional chemotherapy. In this article, the limited data seems to show the trend of tumor shrinkage, pain relief, lifetime prolongation. Further studies are needed, such as expanding the sample size of patients and comparing the feasibility and safety among all the treatment.

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The Efficacy and Safety of Nabufen and Sufentanil in the Prevention of Visceral Pain After Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-125287/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoxia Gu ◽

Jingjing Wang ◽

Huihua Liao ◽

Jian Mo ◽

Weiming Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Surgery ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Visceral Pain ◽

Sedation Score ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D ◽

Ramsay Sedation Score

Abstract Background: To compare the efficacy and safety of different compatibility schemes in the prevention of visceral pain after gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Methods: from April 2019 to April 2020, patients undergoing elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery in our hospital were randomly divided into four groups: group A: sufentanil 3 μ g / kg; group B: low-dose nalbuphine group: 0.1 mg / kg of nabufen + 3 μ g / kg of sufentanil; group C: medium dose of nabufen group: 1 mg / kg of nabufen + 2 μ g / kg of sufentanil; group D: high-dose nabufen 2 There were 30 cases in each group. The degree of pain and the number of adverse reactions at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after operation were observed and recorded. The number and dosage of morphine used as a remedial analgesic were recorded. The pain degree was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS). The total amount of analgesic pump used, the total number of times of pressing and the effective times of pressing were recorded. The adverse reactions included respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, restlessness and skin The skin itches. Results: the analgesic effect of group B was similar to that of group A, and there was no significant difference in the number of invalid pressing, total pressing times and rescue analgesia rate (P > 0.05), while the invalid pressing times, total pressing times and remedial analgesia rate of group C and group D were significantly lower than those of group A (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between group C and group D in the number of invalid compressions, the total number of compressions and the rate of remedial analgesia (P > 0.05), suggesting that increasing the dose of nalbuphine could not significantly increase the analgesic effect. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, skin pruritus, lethargy and Ramsay Sedation score in group B and group C were significantly lower than those in group A (P < 0.05). Ramsay Sedation score and incidence of drowsiness were lower than those in group D, which indicated that the incidence of adverse reactions was higher in group D than group B and group C.Conclusion: the combination of 1 mg / kg nabufen and 2 μ g / kg sufentanil is a safe and effective combination scheme for the prevention of visceral pain after gynecological laparoscopic surgery with small adverse reactions.Trial registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=40635Registration number：ChiCTR1900025076 . Prospectively registered on 10 August 2019.

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A comparative study of efficacy and safety of glucosamine plus chondroitin sulphate versus rosehip as add on therapy to NSAIDs in patients suffering from osteoarthritis

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20184336 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 2254

Author(s):

Kiranpreet Kaur ◽

Anjleen Kaur ◽

Prabhsimran Singh ◽

Amandeep Singh Bakshi

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Chondroitin Sulphate ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Open Label ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Efficacy Parameters ◽

Group B

Background: Osteoarthritis is a chronic and debilitating disease. Management of disease is a big challenge. NSAIDS play an important role but have many adverse reactions. So, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of natural compound rosehip versus glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate in patients of osteoarthritis.Methods: An open label, randomized, parallel group comparative study, conducted on patients of either sex with confirmed diagnosis of osteoarthritis on standard NSAIDs therapy, attending the outpatient department of orthopedics in a tertiary care centre. 150 patients were enrolled and divided into three groups (group A, group B and group C) of 50 each. Patients of group A were given Glucosamine plus chondroitin sulphate for 12 weeks. Group B was given rosehip for 12 weeks and group C placebo. These supplements were given as add on therapy. Patients were monitored and adverse drug reactions were noted. The data was analysed statistically using t- test for efficacy and descriptive stats for assessing the safety.Results: Efficacy was assessed by comparing mean reduction in the pain intensity between group A and B, group B gives highly significant results as compared to group A. While comparing joint tenderness, swelling around joint, mean functional capacity and improvement in the overall assessment, group B gives significant results as compared to group A. It was also observed that group A and group B were better than group C in all the efficacy parameters. All the drugs were well tolerated and systemically safe.Conclusions: There was significant difference in efficacy of rosehip compared with glaucosamine and chondroitin sulphate in patients of osteoarthritis. In comparison there was no significant difference in safety of two drugs and both were considered safe in patients.

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Clinical efficacy and safety of bone cement combined with radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of spinal metastases

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/s12883-020-01998-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nanning Lv ◽

Rui Geng ◽

Feng Ling ◽

Zhangzhe Zhou ◽

Mingming Liu

Keyword(s):

Radiofrequency Ablation ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Recurrence Rate ◽

Tumor Recurrence ◽

Spinal Metastases ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Tumor Recurrence Rate

Abstract Background To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of bone cement combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of spinal metastases. Methods The medical records of patients with spinal metastatic tumor admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on different surgical methods, the patients were divided into groups A (treated with RFA combined with bone cement) and B (treated with bone cement only). Group A included 35 patients with 47 segments of diseased vertebral bodies. Group B consisted of 52 patients with 78 vertebral segments. Pain, quality of life score, vertebra height, bone cement leakage, postoperative tumor recurrence, and complications were assessed 3 days and 1 and 6 months after surgery. Results All the patients had smooth operation without paraplegia, spinal cord injury, and perioperative death. Visual analogue scales (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores of the two groups significantly improved 3 days and 1 month after surgery compared with those before surgery (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). Six months after surgery, the VAS and ODI scores of patients in group A were lower than those in group B, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The postoperative vertebral body height of the two groups significantly increased compared with that before surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). Postoperative bone cement permeability in group A was 6.4%, and postoperative tumor recurrence rate was 11.4%. The permeability of bone cement in group B was 20.5%, and the tumor recurrence rate was 30.8%. The bone cement permeability and tumor recurrence rate in group A were lower than those in group B, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusions Bone cement combined with RFA for the treatment of spinal metastases can achieve good efficacy, desirable analgesic effect, low incidence of complications, small surgical trauma, and high safety. The proposed method has the value of clinical popularization and application.

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Prospective randomized trial comparing efficacy and safety of intravenous and intra-articular tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty

Knee Surgery and Related Research ◽

10.1186/s43019-020-00079-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Moses Man-Lung Li ◽

Jojo Yan-Yan Kwok ◽

Kwong-Yin Chung ◽

Kin-Wing Cheung ◽

Kwok-Hing Chiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Body Weight ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Blood Loss ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Total Knee ◽

Group B ◽

Adjusted Dose

Abstract Background Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with significant perioperative blood loss and postoperative allogenic blood transfusion. Tranexamic acid (TXA) reversibly blocks lysine binding sites on plasminogen molecules and inhibits plasmin formation. Comparisons of the efficacy and safety of intra-articular and intravenous TXA in primary TKA have not previously been reported. Methods A prospective randomized trial was conducted in 150 patients who underwent TKA, and these patients were randomized into three groups. Patients in Group A were injected by intra-articular TXA according to body weight (20 mg/kg). Patients in Group B received a standard dose of intra-articular TXA (2000 mg), and those in Group C were infused with TXA according to body weight (20 mg/kg) before tourniquet deflation and again 3 h later. Baseline characteristics and data collected at blood transfusion were compared. Differences among four time points (baseline, day 0, day 2, and day 5) were carried out using ANOVA. Results The hemoglobin levels at postoperative day 5 were 10.6 g/dL for Group A, 10.6 g/dL for Group B, and 10.7 g/dL for Group C. The drain output was 399 ml for Group A, 314 ml for Group B, and 305 ml for Group C (p = 0.03). Group C had significantly less drain output than Group A after post hoc comparisons (p = 0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed between Group A and B (p = 0.09) or between Group B and C. Conclusion The weight-adjusted dose of TXA administered intravenously significantly reduced the drain output but not the total blood loss when compared with the weight-adjusted dose of TXA administered intra-articularly. No significant difference was observed in the other parameters among the three groups. Trial registration The Joint CUHK-NTEC CREC, CRE-2013.644-T. Registered 1 March 2014.

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Clinical Evaluation of Preoperative Embolization, Vertebroplasty, and Decompression in the Treatment of Aggressive Vertebral Hemangiomas

10.21203/rs.3.rs-55435/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Derong Xu ◽

Yongming Xi ◽

Chuanli Zhou ◽

Kai Zhu ◽

Xuexiao Ma

Keyword(s):

Treatment Plan ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Preoperative Embolization ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Operative Blood Loss ◽

Operative Duration ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Vertebral Hemangiomas

Abstract Background: Symptomatic aggressive vertebral hemangioma often requires clinical treatment; however, there is great controversy over the treatment plan. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different methods including preoperative emobilization, vertebroplasty, decompression and internal fixation in the treatment of aggressive hemangioma.Methods: A retrospective clinical review of patients diagnosed with aggressive vertebral hemangiomas was conducted. All the patients were assigned to 3 groups according to the treatment strategies: patients in Group A underwent embolization before decompression, patients in Group B underwent decompression with vertebroplasty, patients in Group C received all three treatments. Clinical indexes were compared within 3 groups.Results: There were 6 patients received embolization and decompression (Group A), 9 patients underwent decompression with vertebroplasty (Group B) and 6 patients in Group C. The operative duration of patients in group A (198.33±38.43 min) were less than another two groups (P=0.001). The intra-operative blood loss of patients in group C was 713.33±165.13ml, which was significantly less than group A and group B (P=0.045). Patients in group C exhibited the lowest volume of drainage on POD 1 (178.33±66.76ml), which showed significant difference compared with group A (368.33±191.15ml, P=0.01). There was no significant difference of pre-operative and post-operative VAS and JOA score among 3 groups, as well as drainage on POD 2, total volume and hospital duration.Conclusion: The treatment strategy of combined embolization, vertebroplasty and decompression fixation is efficient and safe. For special patients, if such a strategy cannot be adopted, simple embolization plus decompression or vertebroplasty plus decompression is also competent.

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HENT1 tumor levels to predict survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients who received adjuvant gemcitabine and adjuvant 5FU on the ESPAC trials.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.4006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 4006-4006 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

John P. Neoptolemos ◽

William Greenhalf ◽

Paula Ghaneh ◽

Daniel H. Palmer ◽

Trevor F. Cox ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Median Survival ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Predictive Marker ◽

Tissue Microarrays ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Nucleoside Transporter ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A

4006 Background: Some studies in patients with resected pancreatic cancer have suggested that expression of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1) may be predictive of improved survival from gemcitabine but these have either been based on retrospective non-randomized studies or in one study the principal treatment was chemoradiation. The samples collected from the adjuvant ESPAC1/3 randomized trials have provided a unique opportunity to assess to REMARK standards the therapeutic predictability of hENT1 in patients undergoing resection for pancreatic cancer. Methods: Tissue Microarrays (TMAs) were prepared using paraffin embedded tumor specimens from patients randomized to gemcitabine or 5FU/Folinic acid in the ESPAC-1 and -3 trials. Cores were given an H-Score depending on the level of staining with the 10D7G2 anti-hENT1 antibody. Groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards. Results: Scores were obtained for 176 gemcitabine treated and 176 5FU treated patients. The overall median H-Score was 48 and patients were classified as having high hENT1 if the mean score for their cores was above this. Median overall survival for gemcitabine treated patients was 23.4 (95% CI: 18.3, 26.0) months versus 23.5 (95% CI: 19.8, 27.3) months for 5FU treated patients (χ21 = 0.24, P = 0.623). In the gemcitabine group A significantly lower survival (χ21 = 9.87, P = 0.002) was noted with low hENT1 (median survival 17.1 (95% CI: 14.3, 23.8) versus 26.2 (95% CI: 21.2, 31.4) months). Median survival was 25.6 (95% CI: 20.1, 27.9) and 21.9 (95% CI: 16.0, 28.3) months respectively for high and low hENT1 in the 5FU group, a non-significant difference (χ21 = 0.83, P = 0.362). Multivariate analysis confirmed hENT1 expression as a predictive marker in gemcitabine (Wald χ2 = 7.10, P = 0.008) but not 5-fluorouracil (Wald χ2 =0.34, P = 0.560) groups. Conclusions: The study supports use of gemcitabine in patients with high tumor hENT1 expression and 5-fluorouracil in patients with low hENT1.

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Safety and feasibility of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer in elderly patients.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.486 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 486-486

Author(s):

Masaaki Murakawa ◽

Toru Aoyama ◽

Yusuke Katayama ◽

Masahiro Asari ◽

Sho Sawazaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Continuation Rate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hospital Patients ◽

Group A ◽

Grade 3 ◽

Group B ◽

D2 Surgery

486 Background: The safety and feasibility of starting S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer has not been evaluated in elderly patients. Methods: The patients who underwent curative D2 surgery for pancreatic cancer were selected to this retrospective study. The patients were diagnosed within stage I to III disease, and received adjuvant S-1 at our hospital. Patients were categorized into two groups; non-elderly patients (age<70 years: group A) and elderly patients (age≥70 years: group B). The toxicity and drug continuation rates in the two groups were compared. Results: Total 40 patients were evaluated in this study. There were no grade 3 and 4 toxicities. The incidences of grade 2 hematological toxicities were 0% in group A and 11% in group B. The incidences of grade 2 non-hematological toxicities were 50% in group A and 27.8% in group B. The differences in both groups were not significant. The continuation rate at 6 months was 55.7% in group A and 72.7% in group B, and there was also no significant difference in the groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer is safe and feasible, regardless of the age of the patient; especially in elderly patients.

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Clinical evaluation of preoperative embolization, vertebroplasty, and decompression in the treatment of aggressive vertebral hemangiomas

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery ◽

10.1177/2309499021993997 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 230949902199399

Author(s):

Derong Xu ◽

Meng Kong ◽

Kai Zhu ◽

Xing Han ◽

Wenwei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

Internal Fixation ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Preoperative Embolization ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Operative Duration ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Vertebral Hemangiomas

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative embolization and vertebroplasty in the treatment of aggressive hemangioma. Methods: A retrospective clinical review of patients diagnosed with aggressive vertebral hemangiomas was conducted. All the patients were assigned to three groups according to the treatment strategies: patients in Group A underwent embolization and decompression with internal fixation, patients in Group B underwent vertebroplasty and decompression with internal fixation, patients in Group C received all three treatments. Clinical indexes were compared within three groups. Results: There were 16 patients received embolization and decompression (Group A), 19 patients underwent decompression with vertebroplasty (Group B) and 16 patients in Group C. The operative duration of patients in group A (198.33 ± 38.43 min) were less than another two groups ( p = 0.001). The intraoperative blood loss of patients in group C was 713.33 ± 165.13 mL, which was significantly less than group A and group B ( p = 0.045). Patients in group C exhibited the lowest volume of drainage on POD 1 (178.33 ± 66.76 mL), which showed significant difference compared with group A (368.33 ± 191.15 mL, p = 0.01). There was no significant difference of preoperative and postoperative VAS and JOA score among three groups, as well as drainage on POD 2, total volume and hospital duration. Conclusion: Both embolization and vertebroplasty are efficient and safe measures to reduce blood loss in the surgical treatment of aggressive vertebral hemangiomas, combination of all three methods is also competent.

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Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Oral zinc Sulphate Versus Cryotherapy in the Treatment of Viral Warts

Community Based Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/cbmj.v6i1.54663 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23

Author(s):

Sharmin Begum ◽

Md Abdul Wahab ◽

Md Nazmul Karim ◽

Lubna Khondker

Keyword(s):

Zinc Sulphate ◽

Improvement Rate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Long Time ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Group A ◽

Mean Size ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B ◽

Medical University

Viral warts are a common problem in dermatology. Viral warts have a considerable negative effect on a patient's quality of life; although the rate of spontaneous recovery is high, it usually takes a long time and some patients might not show this spontaneous healing. A clinical trial was carried out to evaluate and compare the efficacy of oral zinc sulphate and cryotherapy in patients with viral warts. The study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh for duration of July 2015 to December 2015. Total sixty patients were enrolled and divided into group A and group B. Thirty of group A patients was treated by cryotherapy and thirty of group B patients was treated by oral zinc sulphate. Improvement rate was highest for the lesions on the finger, which is 18 (34.6%) and lowest for scalp 03 (5.8%). Improvement rate for palm 17 (32.7%); for foot 10 (19.2%) and toe 04 (7.7%). Out of all respondents from Group-A, the mean size of the lesions were 8.17mm, 5.90 mm, 4.32 mm and 3.57 mm at before treatment and 1st visit, 2nd visit and 3rd visit after treatment respectively. In Group-B, the mean size of the lesions were 7.50 mm, 4.92 mm, 3.00 mm, and 4.75 mm at before treatment and 1st visit, 2nd visit and 3rd visit after treatment respectively. Among the respondents of group-A & B, 27 (90%) and 25 (83.3%) were improved respectively. No statistical significant difference was observed between the two groups. Both cryotherapy and oral zinc sulphate when used individually were found to be equally effective in the treatment of viral warts but cryotherapy was found to be superior in efficacy. CBMJ 2017 January: Vol. 06 No. 01 P: 17-23

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Antimalarial and Reno-protective Potentials of Combined Stem Bark Extracts of Khaya grandifoliola and Enantia chlorantha in Plasmodium Infected Mice

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology ◽

10.32598/ijt.12.3.440.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 29-37

Author(s):

Ismaila Olanrewaju Nurain ◽

◽

Clement Olatunbosun Bewaji ◽

Abdulazeez Aderemi Abubakar ◽

Abdulrazaq Mustapha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Urea Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Stem Bark Extract ◽

Group B

Background: Malaria is a worldwide threat, which affects millions of people. Although several antimalarial has been reported, they are either not effective or toxic. This study evaluated the antimalarial efficacy and safety of stem bark aqueous extracts of Khaya grandifoliola (KG) and Enantia chlorantha (EC) in Plasmodium berghie (NK65S) infected Swiss mice. Methods: Forty-two animals were grouped into six groups. Group A (control) comprised uninfected animals given sterile placebo. Group B was infected but untreated. Groups C, D, E, and F were infected and treated with 50 mg/kg artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), 400 mg/kg body weight of KG, EC, and the combined extracts (200 mg/ml body weight each) respectively. Results: Alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids, tannin and saponins were all present in the two extracts. The percentage parasitemia in the treated groups C, D, E, and F was significantly (P˂0.05) reduced from 44%, 24%, 35%, and 31% to 17%, 8%, 9% and 8% respectively. The level of creatinine C (1.33±0.08 g/d), D (2.07±0.15 g/d), E (2.17±0.24 g/d) and F (1.20±0.0.12 g/d) increased significantly (P˂0.05) compared to group A (0.73±0.08 g/d). There was no significant difference in the urea level, potassium and sodium concentrations among all the groups. Conclusion: The efficacy and renal safety of oral administration of aqueous stem bark extract of KG and EC were confirmed. Therefore, the extracts could be used as alternatives to standard drugs in the management of malaria.

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