scholarly journals Palatal Vault Morphometric Analysis of the Effects of Two Early Orthodontic Treatments in Anterior Open Bite Growing Subjects: A Controlled Clinical Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Paoloni ◽  
Dimitri Fusaroli ◽  
Ludovica Marino ◽  
Manuela Mucedero ◽  
Paola Cozza
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Anterior Open Bite ◽  
Bite Block ◽  
Dental Casts

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the palatal morphological changes in Anterior Open Bite (AOB) pre-pubertal subjects treated with Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Bite-Block (RME/BB) or Quad Helix with crib (QH/C) when compared with a Control Group (CG) by using Geometric Morphometric Analysis (GMM). Methods: AOB group (AOBG) included 30 subjects (20 females, 10 males, mean age 8.1 ± 0.8ys) with dentoskeletal AOB. AOBG was divided in two subgroups according to the treatment strategy: RME/BB group (RME/BBg) included 15 subjects (10 females, 5 males, QH/C group (QH/Cg) comprised 15 subjects (10 females, 5 males). The two subgroups were compared with a CG of 15 subjects (10 females, 5 males) matched for sex, age, vertical pattern, and observation period. Digital upper dental casts were collected before treatment (T1) and at the end of the active treatment (T2). Landmarks and semilandmarks were digitized on dental casts and GMM was applied. Procrustes analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed.Results: At T2, RME/BBg when compared with QH/Cg evidenced no statistically significant differences. Instead, RME/BBg showed an increased maxillary transverse dimension and a decreased palatal depth when compared with CG. The comparison QH/Cg vs CG demonstrated a slight transversal maxillary expansion.Conclusions: RME/BBg showed significant changes in the transversal and vertical dimensions with a clear maxillary expansion and a decrease of the palatal depth when compared with QH/Cg and CG. QH/Cg showed a significant slight maxillary expansion and no variation in vertical and sagittal planes when compared with CG.

scholarly journals Palatal vault morphometric analysis of the effects of two early orthodontic treatments in anterior open bite growing subjects: a controlled clinical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Paoloni ◽  
Dimitri Fusaroli ◽  
Ludovica Marino ◽  
Manuela Mucedero ◽  
Paola Cozza
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Anterior Open Bite ◽  
Bite Block ◽  
Dental Casts

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the palatal morphological changes in Anterior Open Bite (AOB) pre-pubertal subjects treated with Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Bite-Block (RME/BB) or Quad Helix with crib (QH/C) when compared with a Control Group (CG) by using Geometric Morphometric Analysis (GMM). Methods AOB group (AOBG) included 30 subjects (20 females, 10 males, mean age 8.1 ± 0.8ys) with dentoskeletal AOB. AOBG was divided in two subgroups according to the treatment strategy: RME/BB group (RME/BBg) included 15 subjects (10 females, 5 males, QH/C group (QH/Cg) comprised 15 subjects (10 females, 5 males). The two subgroups were compared with a CG of 15 subjects (10 females, 5 males) matched for sex, age, vertical pattern, and observation period. Digital upper dental casts were collected before treatment (T1) and at the end of the active treatment (T2). Landmarks and semilandmarks were digitized on dental casts and GMM was applied. Procrustes analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. Results At T2, RME/BBg when compared with QH/Cg evidenced no statistically significant differences. Instead, RME/BBg showed an increased maxillary transverse dimension and a decreased palatal depth when compared with CG. The comparison QH/Cg vs. CG demonstrated a slight transversal maxillary expansion. Conclusions RME/BBg showed significant changes in the transversal and vertical dimensions with a clear maxillary expansion and a decrease of the palatal depth when compared with QH/Cg and CG. QH/Cg showed a significant slight maxillary expansion and no variation in vertical and sagittal planes when compared with CG.

scholarly journals Changes in mandibular shape after early treatment in subjects with open bite: a geometric morphometric analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-649
Author(s):  
Roberta Lione ◽  
Dimitri Fusaroli ◽  
Manuela Mucedero ◽  
Valeria Paoloni ◽  
Chiara Pavoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Bite ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Mandibular Ramus ◽  
Anterior Open Bite ◽  
Bite Block ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Counterclockwise Rotation ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms

Summary Objectives To evaluate the mandibular modifications in anterior open bite (OB) growing subjects treated with Rapid Maxillary Expansion and bite block (RME/BB) or Quad Helix with crib (QH/C) when compared with a Control Group (CG) by using Geometric Morphometric Method (GMM) and conventional cephalometric. Materials The OB group comprised 34 subjects (26 girls, 8 boys) with dentoskeletal OB and a mean age of 8.0 ± 1.0 years. OB group was divided in two subgroups: RME/BB group comprised 17 subjects (13 girls, 4 boys), while QH/C group included 17 subjects (13 girls, 4 boys). The two subgroups were compared with a CG of 17 subjects (13 girls, 4 boys) matched for sex, age, vertical pattern, and observation periods. Two consecutives lateral cephalograms were available: the first one was taken before treatment (T1), and the second one was acquired at a follow-up observation at least 4 years after the completion of treatment (T2). Landmarks and semilandmarks were digitized on lateral cephalograms and GMM was applied. Procrustes analysis and principal component analysis were performed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post hoc tests was used to compare the T2–T1 cephalometric changes between the RME/BB, QH/C, and CG. Results In the long term, RME/BB showed a significantly greater decrease of the Condylar axis to mandibular plane angle when compared to CG and QH/C. GMM showed an increased in height of the mandibular ramus in RME/BB group with tendency to counterclockwise rotation of the mandible when compared with QH/C and CG groups. Conclusions RME/BB subjects showed significant changes in the shape of the mandibular ramus with a counterclockwise rotation tendency when compared with QH/C and CG subjects.

scholarly journals Long-term evaluation of rapid maxillary expansion and bite-block therapy in open bite growing subjects:

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Mucedero ◽  
Dimitri Fusaroli ◽  
Lorenzo Franchi ◽  
Chiara Pavoni ◽  
Paola Cozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Bite Block ◽  
Mandibular Molars ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Skeletal Pattern

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the long-term effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and posterior bite block (BB) in prepubertal subjects with dentoskeletal open bite. Materials and Methods: The treatment group (TG) comprised 16 subjects (14 girls, 2 boys) with dentoskeletal open bite with a mean age of 8.1 ± 1.1 years treated with RME and BB. Three consecutive lateral cephalograms were available before treatment (T1), at the end of the active treatment with the RME and BB (T2), and at a follow-up observation at least 4 years after the completion of treatment (T3). The TG was compared with a control group (CG) of 16 subjects (14 girls, 2 boys) matched for sex, age, and vertical skeletal pattern. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the T1 to T3, T1 to T2, and T2 to T3 cephalometric changes between the TG and the CG. Results: In the long term, the TG showed a significantly greater increase in overbite (+1.8 mm), reduced extrusion of maxillary and mandibular molars (−3.3 mm), and, consequently, a significant decrease in facial divergence (−2.8°) when compared with untreated subjects. Conclusions: The RME and BB protocol led to successful and stable recovery of positive overbite in 100% of the patients considered. Correction of open bite was associated with reduced extrusion of maxillary and mandibular molars with a significant improvement in vertical skeletal relationships when compared with the CG.

Hypoxia during pregnancy in rats leads to early morphological changes of atherosclerosis in adult offspring

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (5) ◽  
pp. H1321-H1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Ziyang Huang ◽  
Guorong Lu ◽  
Ling Lin ◽  
Markus Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Prenatal Hypoxia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Maternal Hypoxia

Exposure to an adverse intrauterine environment increases the risk of cardiovascular disease later in adult life. However, the time course relationship between prenatal hypoxia and the onset of atherosclerosis in offspring remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of reduced fetal oxygen supply on early development of atherogenesis in the adult offspring and further assess its susceptibility to sex-, hyperlipidemia-, and postnatal hypoxemia-related differences. Based on a 4 × 2 full factorial design consisting of four factors of maternal hypoxia, sex, hyperlipidemia, and postnatal hypoxemia, characteristics of growth were determined, and histopathological observation and morphometric analysis of the thoracic aortas were performed in Sprague-Dawley rat offspring. Intrauterine growth restriction, altered body shape at birth, and accelerated postnatal weight gain occurred in the maternal hypoxia group but did not occur in the control group. In 16-mo-old maternal hypoxia offspring, the thoracic aortas exhibited lesions similar to early events in atherosclerosis that involved impaired endothelial cells, thickening and fibration of intimas, infiltration of inflammatory cells to the subendothelial space, and migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells to the intima. In contrast, no detectable pathological changes were observed in the offspring without maternal hypoxia exposure. Morphometric analysis further demonstrated that prenatal hypoxia caused a significant thickening of intima ( P < 0.001) with a main effect of 5.5 μm, an approximately twofold increase compared with controls. In addition, there was a positive additive relationship between prenatal hypoxia and hyperlipidemia on the intimal thickness ( P < 0.05). There were no other main effects or interaction among these four factors. In summary, our results indicate that maternal hypoxia during pregnancy leads to early pathological appearances of atherogenesis in adult offspring. This effect was enhanced with hyperlipemia but was unaffected by postnatal hypoxia or sex.

scholarly journals Treatment and Posttreatment Effects of Quad-Helix/Crib Therapy of Dentoskeletal Open Bite

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Cozza ◽  
Manuela Mucedero ◽  
Tiziano Baccetti ◽  
Lorenzo Franchi
Keyword(s):  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anterior Open Bite ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Thumb Sucking ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Quad Helix

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effects of the quad-helix/crib (Q-H/C) appliance in subjects with thumb-sucking habits and dentoskeletal open bite at 2 years after the end of active treatment. Materials and Methods: The records of 21 subjects treated with the Q-H/C appliance were compared with a control group of 21 untreated subjects with similar vertical relationships. Lateral cephalograms were obtained before treatment (T1; mean age 8.4 ± 1.4 years) and at about 2 years after treatment (T2; mean age 11.7 ± 1.9 years) and analyzed. Mean treatment duration was 1.5 years ± 7 months. The T2–T1 changes in the two groups were compared with a nonparametric test for independent samples. Results: The mean increase in overbite during Q-H/C therapy (4.1 mm) represented an overcorrection of the amount of anterior open bite at T2. Both the maxillary and mandibular incisors showed significantly greater extrusion in the Q-H/C group than in the control group. The treated group showed a greater downward rotation (1.8°) of the palatal plane than did the control group. This change was associated with a clinically significant reduction in the palatal plane/mandibular plane angle (−2.5°) in the Q-H/C group. The upper lip showed significant retraction relative to the E-plane in the treated group (3.6 mm) compared with the controls. Conclusions: The Q-H/C appliance was effective in correcting dental open bite in 85% of the growing subjects with thumb-sucking habits and dentoskeletal open bites. Correction of anterior open bite was associated with a clinically significant improvement in maxillomandibular vertical skeletal relationships.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional ultrasound evaluation of tongue posture and its impact on articulation disorders in preschool children with anterior open bite

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
Sanda Lah Kravanja ◽  
Irena Hocevar-Boltezar ◽  
Maja Marolt Music ◽  
Ana Jarc ◽  
Ivan Verdenik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Functional Diagnostics ◽  
Anterior Open Bite ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Articulation Disorders

Abstract Background Tongue posture plays an important role in the etiology of anterior open bite (AOB) and articulation disorders, and is crucial for AOB treatment planning and posttreatment stability. Clinical assessment of tongue posture in children is unreliable due to anatomical limitations. The aim of the study was to present functional diagnostics using three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) assessment of resting tongue posture in comparison to clinical assessment, and the associations between the improper tongue posture, otorhinolaryngological characteristics, and articulation disorders in preschool children with AOB. Patients and methods A cross-sectional study included 446 children, aged 3–7 years, 236 boys and 210 girls, examined by an orthodontist to detect the prevalence of AOB. The AOB was present in 32 children. The control group consisted of 43 children randomly selected from the participants with normocclusion. An orthodontist, an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist and a speech therapist assessed orofacial and ENT conditions, oral habits, and articulation disorders in the AOB group and control group. Tongue posture was also assessed by an experienced radiologist, using 3DUS. The 3DUS assessment of tongue posture was compared to the clinical assessment of orthodontist and ENT specialist. Results The prevalence of AOB was 7.2%. The AOB group and the control group significantly differed regarding improper tongue posture (p < 0.001), and articulation disorders (p < 0.001). In children without articulation disorders from both groups, the improper tongue posture occured less frequently than in children with articulation disorders (p < 0.001). After age adjustment, a statistical regression model showed that the children with the improper tongue posture had higher odds ratios for the presence of AOB (OR 14.63; p < 0.001) than the others. When articulation disorders were included in the model, these odds ratios for the AOB became insignificant (p = 0.177). There was a strong association between the improper tongue posture and articulation disorders (p = 0.002). The 3DUS detected the highest number of children with improper resting tongue posture, though there was no significant difference between the 3DUS and clinical assessments done by orthodontist and ENT specialist. Conclusions The 3DUS has proved to be an objective, non-invasive, radiation free method for the assessment of tongue posture and could become an important tool in functional diagnostics and early rehabilitation in preschool children with speech irregularities and irregular tongue posture and malocclusion in order to enable optimal conditions for articulation development.

Acquired anterior open bite in adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μερόπη Αρμάου
Keyword(s):  
Open Bite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anterior Open Bite

Εισαγωγή: Η Επίκτητη Πρόσθια Ανοιχτή Δήξη (ΕΠΑΔ) σε ενήλικες είναι μια συγκλεισιακή διαταραχή που χαρακτηρίζεται από σταδιακή απώλεια μασητικών επαφών, αρνητική κατακόρυφη πρόταξη, μειωμένη μασητική απόδοση και αισθητικές διαταραχές. Οδοντικές επαφές παρατηρούνται μόνο στους τελευταίους γομφίους. Ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον προκαλεί το γεγονός πως εκμαγεία που προέρχονται από οδοντικούς φραγμούς ασθενών με ΕΠΑΔ, μπορούν να έρθουν σε μέγιστη συγγόμφωση αν αρθρωθούν με το χέρι. Η ΕΠΑΔ σε ενήλικες διαφοροποιείται από αυτή των ανηλίκων από την απουσία των αυξητικών λοβών στις κοπτικές ακμές των προσθίων δοντιών. Πρόσφατη αλλαγή στη σχέση άνω και κάτω οδοντικού τόξου και παρουσία σημείων αποτριβής στις κοπτικές ακμές των προσθίων δοντιών, σε ασθενείς με πρόσθια ανοιχτή δήξη αποδεικνύουν προϋπάρχουσα φυσιολογική σύγκλειση. Η αιτιολογία της ΕΠΑΔ δεν είναι τεκμηριωμένη, ενώ δύσκολα μπορεί να διερευνηθεί. Δεδομένου ότι η σχέση μεταξύ άνω και κάτω οδοντικού φραγμού ορίζεται από την κροταφογναθική διάρθρωση (ΚΓΔ) και το νευρομυϊκό σύστημα, οι έρευνες μπορούν να επικεντρωθούν σε δύο βασικούς ανατομικούς παράγοντες: τη συμμετρική αλλοίωση της ΚΓΔ ή τη δυσαρμονία του κρανιοπροσωπικού συμπλέγματος και της μυϊκής δραστηριότητας. Σκοπός: Δεν υπάρχει στοχευμένη έρευνα επί της αιτιολογίας ανάπτυξης της ΕΠΑΔ, επομένως είναι αδύνατη η πρόβλεψή της στο γενικό πληθυσμό. Οποιαδήποτε απόπειρα διερεύνησης πιθανών αιτιολογικών παραγόντων μπορεί να πραγματοποιηθεί μόνο αναδρομικά. Σκοπός της παρούσας ερευνητικής εργασίας ήταν η διερεύνηση της πιθανής συσχέτισης της ΕΠΑΔ σε ενήλικες με τη δομική ακεραιότητα της ΚΓΔ, τη θέση του κονδύλου εντός της κροταφικής γλήνης καθώς και τη συμμετρική διακονδυλική θέση εντός της γλήνης. Υπόθεση: Υπάρχει συσχέτιση μεταξύ αλλαγής των δομικών στοιχείων της ΚΓΔ και εμφάνισης ΕΠΑΔ. Άτομα με ΕΠΑΔ αναμένεται να παρουσιάζουν οστικές αλλοιώσεις της κεφαλής του κονδύλου και της κροταφικής γλήνης, συμμετρικά. Υπάρχει συσχέτιση μεταξύ ΕΠΑΔ και θέσης του κονδύλου εντός της κροταφικής γλήνης. Άτομα με ΕΠΑΔ δεν αναμένεται να εμφανίζουν ιδανική σχέση κονδύλου με τα τοιχώματα της κροταφικής γλήνης, συγκριτικά με μετρήσεις που προκύπτουν από ακέραιες ανατομικά και υγιείς παθολογικά αρθρώσεις από τη μελέτη των Ikeda and Kawamura (2009). Οι μετρήσεις αυτές χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ως Control Group. Άτομα με ΕΠΑΔ αναμένεται να εμφανίζουν συμμετρική διακονδυλική θέση εντός της γλήνης. Μέθοδος: Πενηντα-επτά άτομα με ΕΠΑΔ συγκεντρώθηκαν από τα ηλεκτρονικά αρχεία ιδιωτικής οδοντιατρικής κλινικής. Επιλέχθηκαν μόνο ασθενείς ηλικίας 20 ετών και άνω, ώστε να διασφαλιστεί η πλήρης ανατομική διαμόρφωση της ΚΓΔ. Για 28 μόνο άτομα, από το σύνολο των ασθενών με ΕΠΑΔ, υπήρχε πρόσβαση σε ψηφιακά αρχεία υπολογιστικής τομογραφίας κωνικής δέσμης ΚΓΔ. Η ηλικία των ασθενών κυμαινόταν από 20 έως 61 έτη με μέση τιμή τα 35,93 έτη. Δύο ασθενείς ήταν άνδρες με μέση ηλικία τα 36,5 έτη και 26 ήταν γυναίκες με μέση ηλικία τα 36,5 έτη. Ένας έμπειρος προσθετολόγος μελέτησε τις υπολογιστικές τομογραφίες των ΚΓΔ, ξεχωριστά για κάθε πλευρά ασθενούς και κλήθηκε να αξιολογήσει τα παρακάτω απεικονιστικά χαρακτηριστικά: Ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά: αλλαγές στον όγκο του κονδύλου και οστικές αλλαγές στην κροταφική γλήνη. Κλίμακα τριών διαβαθμίσεων (0, 1 και 2) χρησιμοποιήθηκε για τον προσδιορισμό του βαθμού αλλοίωσης της κεφαλής του κονδύλου και της κροταφικής γλήνης σε τρία διαφορετικά παράλληλα οβελιαία επίπεδα με ενδιάμεση απόσταση μεταξύ αυτών τα 4 χιλ. Ποσοτικά χαρακτηριστικά: Η ανάλυση του διάρθριου χώρου πραγματοποιήθηκε σε τρεις θέσεις του κονδύλου (πρόσθια (Α), άνω (S) και οπίσθια (P)) σε τρία παράλληλα οβελιαία επίπεδα, με ενδιάμεση απόσταση 4 χιλ. μεταξύ αυτών. Επιπλέον των αρχικών μετρήσεων υπολογίστηκε η διαφορά A-P, οι λόγοι A/P, S/A, S/P και η λογαριθμική αναλογία του διαθέσιμου αρθρικού χώρου (εξίσωση Pullinger) για κάθε κόνδυλο και για κάθε οβελιαία παράλληλο. Αποτελέσματα: Ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά: Η πλειοψηφία των ατόμων εμφανίζει δομικά ακέραιες αρθρώσεις ή ήπιες οστικές αλλοιώσεις. Σύμφωνα με τη στατιστική επεξεργασία, παρατηρείται συμμετρία ως προς τις οστικές αλλοιώσεις μεταξύ δεξιάς και αριστερής ΚΓΔ στο ίδιο άτομο. Ποσοτικά χαρακτηριστικά: Η απόσταση κονδύλου με το πρόσθιο αρθρικό τοίχωμα σε ασθενείς με ΕΠΑΔ εμφανίζεται αυξημένη σε βαθμό στατιστικά σημαντικό (P value: 0.001), τόσο για τη δεξιά όσο και για την αριστερή ΚΓΔ. Το ίδιο ισχύει και για την απόσταση του κονδύλου με την οροφή της κροταφικής γλήνης (P value: 0.035) στην αριστερή ΚΓΔ (τα αποτελέσματα αυτά βασίζονται στις μετρήσεις της κεντρικής οβελιαίας τομής του κονδύλου μόνο). Από τις συγκρίσεις των μετρήσεων μεταξύ δεξιάς και αριστερής ΚΓΔ, διαπιστώνεται συμμετρική θέση των κονδύλων εντός της γλήνης. Η μόνη στατιστικά σημαντική ασυμμετρία διαπιστώθηκε στη σχέση των έσω πόλων των κονδύλων με το άνω αρθρικό τοίχωμα. Συμπεράσματα: Η απόσταση κονδύλου με πρόσθιο αρθρικό τοίχωμα σε ασθενείς με ΕΠΑΔ εμφανίζεται μειωμένη σε βαθμό στατιστικά σημαντικό, τόσο για τη δεξιά όσο και για την αριστερή ΚΓΔ, καθώς και για την απόσταση του κονδύλου με την οροφή της κροταφικής γλήνης στην αριστερή μόνο ΚΓΔ. Παρά την αυξημένη απόσταση με το πρόσθιο τοίχωμα, οι ασθενείς με ΕΠΑΔ διατηρούν φυσιολογική απόσταση με το οπίσθιο τοίχωμα σύμφωνα με τις τιμές αναφοράς των Ikeda και Kawamura (2009), επομένως θα μπορούσε να υποτεθεί πως δεν υπάρχει οπίσθια παρεκτόπιση του κονδύλου, αλλά περιστροφική κίνηση η οποία οδηγεί σε αυξημένη πρόσθια απόσταση εξ αιτίας της ανατομίας της κεφαλής του κονδύλου. Η πλειοψηφία των ατόμων με ΕΠΑΔ εμφάνισε δομικά ακέραιες αρθρώσεις ή ήπιες οστικές αλλοιώσεις, καταλήγοντας πως οι δομικές αλλαγές της ΚΓΔ αποτελούν ικανή αλλά όχι και αναγκαία συνθήκη για την ενεργοποίηση και εξέλιξη της πρόσθιας ανοιχτής δήξης. Επιπλέον παρατηρείται συμμετρία ως προς τις οστικές αλλοιώσεις μεταξύ δεξιάς και αριστερής ΚΓΔ στο ίδιο άτομο. Από τις συγκρίσεις των μετρήσεων μεταξύ δεξιάς και αριστερής ΚΓΔ, διαπιστώνεται συμμετρική θέση των κονδύλων εντός της γλήνης, ενώ η μόνη στατιστικά σημαντική ασυμμετρία διαπιστώνεται στη σχέση των έσω πόλων των κονδύλων με το άνω αρθρικό τοίχωμα. Η ασυμμετρία αυτή θα μπορούσε να οφείλεται στο γεγονός ότι τα ανατομικά σημεία αναφοράς για την αξιολόγηση της μορφολογίας των κονδύλων πέραν των 3,5 χιλ από το μετωπιαίο κέντρο του, παύουν να είναι ευκρινή.

Occlusal traits and longitudinal dental changes in children and adolescents with congenital or childhood onset myotonic dystrophy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Fontinha ◽  
Monica Engvall ◽  
Lotta Sjögreen ◽  
Åsa Mårtensson ◽  
Anne-Berit Ekström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Anterior Open Bite ◽  
Posterior Crossbite ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Summary Background/objectives This research aimed to study the malocclusions of children and adolescents with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), in respect to healthy individuals, and trace the occlusal changes that occurred in these individuals during growth. Materials/methods Thirty-six dental casts, from children and adolescents with DM1 living in western and southern Sweden, were compared with a control group of 50 healthy individuals. To identify potential changes in occlusal traits, 26 casts were assessed and followed-up over a median time of 9 years. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare the two groups and their changes over time. Paired samples t-tests tested changes over time within each group (P &lt; 0.05). Results DM1 patients had a higher prevalence of anterior open bite, posterior crossbite, and Class III malocclusions. When compared to controls, patients presented smaller upper and lower intermolar as well as intercanine widths. In both groups, the individuals revealed longitudinal changes with a decrease in both upper and lower arch lengths and an increase on the palatal vault height. During the follow-up period, the prevalence of malocclusions remained almost the same, only significantly differing regarding the changes that occurred between groups referred to the upper intermolar width, which decreased among DM1 patients. Conclusions/implications In comparison to healthy controls, children and adolescents with DM1 have shown already at an early age a higher prevalence of both anterior open bite and posterior crossbite. These occlusal traits did not change with time apart from the upper narrow intermolar width, which further decreased with time.

scholarly journals Dental and facial characteristics of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Savioli ◽  
Clovis A.A. Silva ◽  
H. Ching Lin ◽  
Lucia M.M.A. Campos ◽  
Eliane F.B.G. Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Anterior Open Bite ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Gingival Bleeding

OBJECTIVE: It has been shown that the temporomandibular joint is frequently affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and this degenerative disease, which may occur during facial growth, results in severe mandibular dysfunction. However, there are no studies that correlate oral health (tooth decay and gingival diseases) and temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oral and facial characteristics of the patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated in a large teaching hospital. METHOD: Thirty-six patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (26 female and 10 male) underwent a systematic clinical evaluation of their dental, oral, and facial structures (DMFT index, plaque and gingival bleeding index, dental relationship, facial profile, and Helkimo's index). The control group was composed of 13 healthy children. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis was 10.8 years; convex facial profile was present in 12 juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients, and class II molar relation was present in 12 (P = .032). The indexes of plaque and gingival bleeding were significant in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients with a higher number of superior limbs joints involved (P = .055). Anterior open bite (5) and temporomandibular joint noise (8) were present in the juvenile idiopathic arthritis group. Of the group in this sample, 94% (P = .017) had temporomandibular joint dysfunction, 80% had decreased mandibular opening (P = 0.0002), and mandibular mobility was severely impaired in 33% (P = .015). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis a) have a high incidence of mandibular dysfunction that can be attributed to the direct effect of the disease in the temporomandibular joint and b) have a higher incidence of gingival disease that can be considered a secondary effect of juvenile idiopathic arthritis on oral health.

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