Efektifitas quad-helix dalam perawatan defisiensi transversal maksila pada anakEffectiveness of quad-helix for transverse maxillary deficiency treatment in children

Pendahuluan: Periodontitis apikalis adalah peradangan dan kerusakan jaringan pada daerah apikal jaringan periodonsium. Terjadi akibat pulpa nekrosis mengalami perluasan infeksi dari bakteri saluran akar menuju apeks gigi. Penelitian terdahulu membuktikan bahwa periodontitis apikalis dapat dikaitkan dengan peningkatan kadar interleukin-6. Interleukin-6 adalah salah satu sitokin pro-inflamatori yang mempunyai peran penting dalam respon inflamasi. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis perbedaan kadar interleukin-6 dalam darah vena antara pasien dengan periodontitis apikalis dan pasien tanpa periodontitis apikalis. Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan dua puluh sampel stok darah vena yang terdiri atas 10 sampel darah vena pasien dengan periodontitis apikalis dan 10 sampel darah vena pasien tanpa periodontitis apikalis. Serum darah yang telah dipisahkan dengan metode sentrifugasi dipakai sebagai sampel uji enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) sandwich untuk mengukur kadar IL-6 dengan membaca nilai absorbansi dan kurva standar. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Shapiro-Wilk, dilanjutkan dengan uji T tidak berpasangan. Hasil: Kadar IL-6 teridentifikasi pada semua sampel. Sampel darah vena pasien tanpa periodontitis apikalis memiliki kadar IL-6 berkisar antara 4,7-18,74 mg/L, sedangkan kadar IL-6 pada pasien dengan periodontitis apikalis 4,0-90,75 mg/L. Uji T tidak berpasangan menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0.02). Simpulan: Kadar IL-6 pada darah vena dengan periodontitis apikalis lebih tinggi dibandingkan kadar IL-6 pada tanpa periodontitis apikalis.Kata kunci: periodontitis apikalis; interleukin-6; Enzim-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Sandwich ABSTRACT Introduction: Apical periodontitis is inflammation and tissue damage in the apical area of the periodontium. Occurs due to pulp necrosis experiencing an expansion of infection from root canal bacteria to the apex of the tooth. Previous studies have shown that apical periodontitis can be associated with elevated levels of interleukin-6. Interleukin-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has a vital role in the inflammatory response. The study aimed to analyze differences in interleukin-6 levels in venous blood between patients with apical periodontitis and patients without apical periodontitis. Methods: This research was an analytic observational study with twenty venous blood samples consisting of 10 venous blood samples from patients with apical periodontitis and ten venous blood samples from patients without apical periodontitis. Blood serum that has been separated by centrifugation method was used as a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test sample to measure IL-6 levels by reading absorbance values and standard curves. The data obtained were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by an unpaired T-test. Results: IL-6 levels were identified in all samples. Venous blood samples from patients without apical periodontitis had IL-6 levels ranging from 4.7-18.74 mg/L, while IL-6 levels in patients with apical periodontitis were 4.0-90.75 mg/L. The unpaired t-test showed that there was a significant difference (p=0.02). Conclusion: IL-6 levels in venous blood with apical periodontitis were higher than IL-6 levels in those without apical periodontitis.Keywords: apical periodontitis; interleukin-6; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Sandwich

Early Orthodontic Treatments of Unilateral Posterior Crossbite: A Systematic Review

We aimed to report an update of the systematic review by Petrén et al. (2003). The objective was to evaluate how orthodontic treatments can affect unilateral posterior crossbite (UPXB) in primary and early mixed dentition. Several databases were consulted, and articles published between January 2002 and March 2020 were selected. This review examines the following studies: randomized clinical trials, prospective and retrospective studies with concurrent untreated or normal control groups, and clinical trials comparing at least two treatment strategies. Among the 1581 articles retrieved from the searches, 11 studies were included. Quad-helix (QH) and expansion plate (EP) appliances were compared in three studies. One study compared rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment anchored on primary dentition otherwise on permanent molars. One study compared RME and a modified RME with arms extended until deciduous canine and EP. Four studies evaluated the effects of expansion appliances compared with a control group. Compared with the previous review, the quality of the included studies is higher. However, heterogeneity of treatments, different strategies in measurements, lack of a similar follow-up length, and absence of a cost-effectiveness analysis preclude the possibility of providing reliable scientific evidence on the most effective UPXB treatment in primary and early mixed dentition.

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN REGIONS ACCORDING TO THE «TRIPLE HELIX» MODEL

The topic of the article is extremely relevant for modern Russia. The formation of an innovative economy begins with the creation of an innovative climate and the definition of a model for further development. To assess the innovation system of regions, the AIRR rating is used, based on the calculation of 29 indicators. The rating data shows managers the strengths and weaknesses of development and allows them to adjust the innovation policy of the regions. The article presents the data of the "rating of innovative development of the Russian Federation subjects" based on the results of 2017. It is shown that if you divide the regions into 3 groups (advanced, medium and lagging), the number of subjects of the Russian Federation in them is approximately the same. The article describes possible ways to coordinate relations in different types of economies. More attention is paid to partnerships in the post-industrial online economy. This economy is characterized by the interaction of three subjects in the network mode and thus forms a "triple helix". According to the "triple helix" concept, the formation and implementation of innovations should be based on universities that interact with business and government. In Europe, the "triple helix" model of innovative development is the main one in regional development. The article focuses on the problems of the formation of the "triple helix" in the regions of Russia. At the same time, successful examples of effective interaction of science with business and government are given. A continuation of the "triple helix" concept is the "quad helix" theory, in which the Quad element is the users of innovation, i.e. citizens who are the driving force of the innovation process. The forms of implementation of the "quad helix" model are aimed at the development of the region's human capital.

SUSTAINABLE QUAD HELIX DALAM PROGRAM KAMPUNG BATIK REJOMULYO DI KOTA SEMARANG

The thematic village is one of the poverty eradication programs based on communityempowerment by promoting sustainable development and the creative economy, whichis implemented by the Semarang City Government. One of the successful ThematicVillages is the Batik Village of Rejomulyo, which is now one of the tourism icons ofSemarang City. The success of Batik Village Rejomulyo is inseparable from the role ofstakeholders. It takes a relationship and synergy between the university-industrygovernment-community so that the Batik Rejomulyo Village can develop until now. TheSemarang City Government, which encouraged the rise of the batik industry by makingRejomulyo as the Kampung Batik, made the community motivated to continue to becreative and to innovate. However, the relationship between industry and universitieswith government and society is still not well seen. Therefore, it is necessary to explorethe role of each stakeholder in the quad helix relationship so that the universityindustry-government-society can have a mutually beneficial and supportive mutualrelationship.