scholarly journals Parvovirus Enteritis and Other Risk Factors Associated With Persistent Gastrointestinal Signs in Dogs Later in Life: a Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanae Takada ◽  
Anne M. Flemming ◽  
Maarten J. Voordouw ◽  
Anthony P. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Parvoviral enteritis is a viral gastrointestinal (GI) infection of dogs. Recovery from PE has been associated with persistent GI signs. The objectives of this study were: (i) To determine whether dogs that have recovered from PE (post-parvo dogs) had an increased risk of persistent GI signs compared to uninfected controls. (ii) To investigate the lifestyle and clinicopathologic factors that are associated with persistent GI signs in post-parvo dogs. Methods: Eighty-six post-parvo dogs and 52 age-matched control dogs were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. The owners were interviewed about the health and habits of their dogs using a questionnaire. We used logistic regression to test whether parvovirus enteritis and other risk factors are associated with general health problems in all dogs and with persistent GI signs in post-parvo dogs.Results: The prevalence of persistent GI signs was significantly higher in post-parvo dogs compared to control dogs (57% vs 25%, P < 0.001). Markers of disease severity such as neutropenia, low body temperature, and treatment with an antiemetic medication (metoclopramide) were significant risk factors for persistent GI signs in post-parvo dogs. Persistent GI signs in post-parvo dogs was a risk factor for health problems in other organ systems.Conclusions: Parvovirus enteritis is a significant risk factor for persistent GI signs in dogs highlighting the importance of prevention. The risk factors identified in the present study may guide future investigations on the mechanisms that link parvovirus enteritis to chronic health problems in dogs.

Pre-S Mutation Is a Significant Risk Factor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development: A Long-Term Retrospective Cohort Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hyun Sinn ◽  
Moon Seok Choi ◽  
Geum-Youn Gwak ◽  
Yong-Han Paik ◽  
Joon Hyeok Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor

scholarly journals Endometriosis and the risk of ectopic pregnancy: 10-year retrospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Ally Saetta ◽  
Michael Magro ◽  
Reeba Oliver ◽  
Funlayo Odejinmi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Objective: Our primary objective is to give weight to the unanswered and recently heavily debated question, as to whether endometriosis is a statistically significant risk factor for ectopic pregnancy. Our study also provides information on the ethnicity, age and parity of each woman. We report the clinical presentation, the presence of other risk factors as well as intraoperative findings. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Settings: Whipps Cross University Hospital, Bart’s Health NHS Trust which is a district general University hospital in East London. Population: All women, over 10-year period (2005–2014), who were surgically treated for an ectopic pregnancy. Methods: In total, 800 patients were surgically managed. A total of 100 had incomplete data and were, therefore, excluded from analysis. The clinical details, demographics and operation notes were retrospectively analysed for 700 patients. Data were analysed using the student’s t test or chi-square analysis as appropriate. Results: In total, 37 women (5.3%) had endometriosis and 663 women (94.7%) had no evidence of endometriosis. Of the 37 patients, 24 had stage 1, 11 had stage 2 and 2 patients had stage 3 endometriosis. Conclusion: Our data support the theory that endometriosis is not a statistically significant occurrence in women with surgically managed ectopic pregnancy and is not risk factor for ectopic pregnancy.

scholarly journals Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Sobiecka ◽  
Monika Szturmowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Lewandowska ◽  
Agata Kowalik ◽  
Ewa Łyżwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis share commonalities in pathogenesis shifting haemostasis balance towards the procoagulant and antifibrinolytic activity. Several studies have suggested an increased risk of venous thromboembolism in IPF. The association between venous thromboembolism and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis has not been studied yet. Methods A retrospective cohort study of IPF and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis patients diagnosed in single tertiary referral center between 2005 and 2018 was conducted. The incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism was evaluated. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism and survival among those with and without venous thromboembolism were assessed. Results A total of 411 (259 IPF and 152 chronic hypersensitivity) patients were included (mean age 66.7 ± 8.4 vs 51.0 ± 13.3 years, respectively). There were 12 (4.6%) incident cases of venous thromboembolism in IPF and 5 (3.3%) in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis cohort. The relative risk (RR) of venous thromboembolism in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis was not significantly different to that found in patients with IPF (7.1 vs 11.8/1000 person-years, RR 1.661 95% CI 0.545–6.019, respectively). The treatment with systemic steroids (OR 5.38; 95% CI 1.65–18.8, p = 0.006) and GAP stage 3 (OR 7.85; 95% CI 1.49–34.9; p = 0.037) were significant risk factors for venous thromboembolism in IPF. Arterial hypertension and pulmonary hypertension significantly increased risk of venous thromboembolism in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. There were no significant differences in survival between patients with and without venous thromboembolism. Conclusions The patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis have a marked increase in the risk of venous thromboembolism, similar to the patients with IPF. Venous thromboembolism does not affect the survival of patients with IPF and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

scholarly journals Time Trends in the Incidence of Long-Term Mortality in T2DM Patients Who Have Undergone a Lower Extremity Amputation. Results of a Descriptive and Retrospective Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana López-de-Andrés ◽  
Rodrigo Jiménez-García ◽  
Maria D. Esteban-Vasallo ◽  
Valentin Hernández-Barrera ◽  
Javier Aragon-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Long Term Mortality

(1) Background: The aims of this study were to examine the incidence of lower extremity amputations (LEAs) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to compare the mortality risk of diabetic individuals who underwent LEA with age and sex-matched diabetic individuals without LEA. (2) Methods: We performed a descriptive observational study to assess the trend in the incidence of LEA and a retrospective cohort study to evaluate whether undergoing LEA is a risk factor for long-term mortality among T2DM patients. Data were obtained from the Hospital Discharge Database for the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain (2006–2015). (3) Results: The incidence rates of major below-knee and above-knee amputations decreased significantly from 24.9 to 17.1 and from 63.9 to 48.2 per 100000 T2DM individuals from 2006 to 2015, respectively. However, the incidence of minor LEAs increased over time. Mortality was significantly higher among T2DM patients who underwent LEA compared with those who did not undergo this procedure (HR 1.75; 95% CI 1.65–1.87). Male sex, older age, and comorbidity were independently associated with higher mortality after LEA. (4) Conclusions: Undergoing a LEA is a significant risk factor for long term mortality among T2DM patients, and those who underwent a major above-knee LEAs have the highest risk.

scholarly journals Proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor blockers for stress ulcer prophylaxis in patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052110251
Author(s):  
Minqiang Huang ◽  
Ming Han ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Lei Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Stress Ulcer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ulcer Prophylaxis

Objective We aimed to compare the efficacy and risks of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) versus histamine-2 receptor blocker (H2B) use for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in critically ill patients with sepsis and risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III Clinical Database to identify critically ill adult patients with sepsis who had at least one risk factor for GIB and received either an H2B or PPI for ≥48 hours. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to balance baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results After 1:1 PSM, 1056 patients were included in the H2B and PPI groups. The PPI group had higher in-hospital mortality (23.8% vs. 17.5%), GIB (8.9% vs. 1.6%), and pneumonia (49.6% vs. 41.6%) rates than the H2B group. After adjusting for risk factors of GIB and pneumonia, PPI use was associated with a 1.28-times increased risk of in-hospital mortality, 5.89-times increased risk of GIB, and 1.32-times increased risk of pneumonia. Conclusions Among critically ill adult patients with sepsis at risk for GIB, SUP with PPIs was associated with higher in-hospital mortality and higher risk of GIB and pneumonia than H2Bs.

scholarly journals Timing of resumption of antithrombotic agents following surgical evacuation of chronic subdural hematomas: a retrospective cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S11-S11 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Guha ◽  
S Coyne ◽  
RL Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Antithrombotic Agents ◽  
Major Hemorrhage ◽  
Subdural Hematomas ◽  
Surgical Evacuation

Background: Antithrombosis (AT), with antiplatelets or anticoagulants, is a significant risk factor for the development of chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH). Resumption of AT following hematoma evacuation is variable, with scant evidence for guidance. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 479 patients with surgically-evacuated cSDH at St. Michael’s Hospital from 2007-2012. Collected variables included type of AT, indication for AT, timing and type of postoperative complications, and restart intervals for AT agents. Postoperative complications were classified as major or minor hemorrhages, or thromboembolism. Results: Among all patients, 14.8% experienced major hemorrhage, 23.0% minor hemorrhage, and 1.67% thromboembolism. Patients on any preoperative AT were at higher risk of major hemorrhage (OR=1.93, p=0.014), experienced earlier major hemorrhage (mean 16.2 versus 26.5d, p=0.052) and earlier thromboembolism (mean 2.7 versus 51.5d, p=0.036). The type of agent did not affect complication frequency or timing. Patients restarted on any AT postoperatively were at decreased risk of major rebleed following resumption, than those not restarted (OR=0.06, p<0.01). Conclusions: Patients on preoperative AT experienced thromboembolism significantly earlier, at 3d postoperatively, with no increase in rebleed risk following AT resumption. We provide cursory evidence that resuming AT early, at 3d postoperatively, may be safe. Larger prospective studies are required for definitive recommendations.

scholarly journals The impact of levothyroxine exposure on delivery outcome in hypothyroid pregnant women (PETAL study): A five-year retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1753495X2110641
Author(s):  
Diana Oprea ◽  
Nadine Sauvé ◽  
Jean-Charles Pasquier
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Delivery Outcome ◽  
The Impact

Background Hypothyroidism affects 3% of pregnant women, and to date, no studies have addressed the impact levothyroxine-treated hypothyroidism on delivery outcome. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted among 750 women with a singleton pregnancy who gave birth between 2015 and 2019. Delivery modes were compared between 250 hypothyroid women exposed to levothyroxine and 500 euthyroid control women. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of levothyroxine exposure on delivery outcome. Results Multiple logistic regression showed no significant association between exposure to levothyroxine and the overall rate of caesarean delivery (aOR 1.1; 95% CI 0.8 to 1.6). Mean TSH concentrations were significantly higher throughout the pregnancy in hypothyroid women despite levothyroxine treatment. Maternal and neonatal outcomes in both groups were not different. Conclusion Hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine during pregnancy according to local guidelines is not a significant risk factor for caesarean delivery.

scholarly journals Risk factors for perioperative blood transfusions after urogenital fistula repair in Uganda: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thrisha Potluri ◽  
Lauren Holt ◽  
Jean Paul Tanner ◽  
Lucien Wasingya ◽  
Shane Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Fistula Repair ◽  
Urogenital Fistula

Objective: To determine the incidence of and risk factors for perioperative blood transfusions after urogenital fistula repairs in Uganda. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: A community hospital in Masaka, Uganda. Population: Women who underwent fistula repair at the Kitovu Hospital between 2013 and 2019. Methods: Retrospective review of demographics, and clinical perioperative characteristics of patients surgically treated for urogenital fistula. Patient characteristics were compared between those who did and did not require a blood transfusion. Main Outcome Measures: need for perioperative blood transfusion, risk factors Results: 546 patients treated for urogenital fistulas were included in this study. The median age was 31.1 ± 13.2. A vaginal surgical approach was used in the majority of patients (84.6%). Complications occurred in 3.5% of surgical repairs, and the incidence of blood transfusions was 6.2%. In multivariable analyses, women with fistula repairs approached abdominally were 4.3 (95% CI: 1.85–10.00) times more likely to require transfusions than vaginal operations. A borderline association was observed between timing of repair and perioperative transfusions such that patients who underwent repair after three months from the time of developing the fistula were at lower risk of perioperative transfusions (aOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.22–1.04). Conclusions: The incidence of blood transfusions among urogenital fistula repairs in our population is twice that of developed nations. An abdominal surgical approach to urogenital fistula is a significant risk factor for perioperative blood transfusions. Timing of repair may warrant further study.

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