scholarly journals Comparing DNA yield from fish scales following different extraction protocols

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loraine Shuttleworth ◽  
Carel Jakobus Oosthuizen
Keyword(s):  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Dna Yield ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Intent To Use

Abstract Background Studies on genetic diversity, adaptive potential and fitness of species have become a major tool in conservation biology. These studies require biological material containing a reliable source of DNA which can be extracted and analysed. Recently, non-invasive sampling has become the preferred sampling method of such biological material; particularly when studying endangered species. Elasmoid scales from teleost fish are an example of non-invasive samples from which DNA can successfully be extracted. Methods This study compared different extraction protocols to find an optimal method for extracting DNA from teleost fish scales. This was done with the intent to use the protocol that yielded the highest quantity of DNA on dried, archived scales. The protocols tested in this study included (i) phenol/chloroform with a TNES-urea digestion buffer, (ii) phenol/chloroform with an amniocyte digestion buffer and (iii) Qiagen DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit with variations in incubation times and temperatures of each protocol. Results While the phenol/chloroform with TNES-urea digestion buffer yielded significantly higher concentrations of DNA compared to the other protocols, all protocols followed in this study yielded sufficient quantities of DNA for further downstream applications. Conclusion Therefore, while there are multiple viable options when selecting a DNA extraction protocol, each research project’s individual needs, requirements and resources need to be carefully considered in order to choose the most effective protocol.

scholarly journals Less Is Enough: Assessment of the Random Sampling Method for the Analysis of Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Cristina Campi ◽  
Annalisa Pascarella ◽  
Francesca Pitolli
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Regularization Techniques ◽  
Ill Posed ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) aims at reconstructing the unknown neuroelectric activity in the brain from non-invasive measurements of the magnetic field induced by neural sources. The solution of this ill-posed, ill-conditioned inverse problem is usually dealt with using regularization techniques that are often time-consuming, and computationally and memory storage demanding. In this paper we analyze how a slimmer procedure, random sampling, affects the estimation of the brain activity generated by both synthetic and real sources.

scholarly journals Salivary Cortisol Interactions in Search and Rescue Dogs and Their Handlers

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Wojtaś ◽  
Mirosław Karpiński ◽  
Piotr Czyżowski
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Pronounced Effect ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Missing Persons ◽  
Exam Stress

Search and rescue dogs are an important link in the search for missing persons. The aim of the study was to assess exam stress in search and rescue dogs and their handlers. The study included 41 rescue teams taking exams of field and rubble specialties. The level of cortisol, which is the main glucocorticosteroid modulating stress reactions in humans and dogs, was analyzed. The biological material used to assess the hormone concentration was saliva collected in a non-invasive way. In total, 164 test samples were collected: two from the dog and two from the handler before and immediately after the exam. Rescue exams were shown to significantly increase salivary cortisol in both dogs and their handlers. Strong interactions between cortisol levels in human–dog teams were also found with a more pronounced effect in female dog–female handler dyads.

scholarly journals A new non-invasive in situ underwater DNA sampling method for estimating genetic diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-644
Author(s):  
Gergely Balázs ◽  
Judit Vörös ◽  
Brian Lewarne ◽  
Gábor Herczeg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dna Sampling

scholarly journals Testing skin swabbing for DNA sampling in dendrobatid frogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Ringler
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Dna Yield ◽  
Dna Quality ◽  
Amplification Success ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Dna Sampling ◽  
Allobates Femoralis ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite

Abstract Skin swabbing, a minimally invasive DNA sampling method recently proposed for adult amphibians, was tested on the dendrobatid frog Allobates femoralis. I compared DNA yield from skin swabs and toe clips by evaluating obtained DNA concentrations and purity of extracts, as well as amplification success using eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci. I also tested whether storing skin swabs for two months at −20°C affected the properties of the extract or microsatellite analysis. Results show that skin swabs of adult A. femoralis suffered from high contamination and yielded significantly lower DNA quality and quantity, resulting in insufficient genotyping success, than DNA obtained from toe clips. The relatively dry skin in dendrobatid frogs may have impeded the collection of sufficient viable cells, and the presence of skin alkaloids and microbiota in the frog mucus may lead to high contamination load of skin swabs.

Development of tetranucleotide microsatellite loci and a non-invasive DNA sampling method for Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Williams ◽  
Cory Leach ◽  
Amanda M. Hale ◽  
Kristopher B. Karsten ◽  
Emmanuela Mujica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Phrynosoma Cornutum ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dna Sampling ◽  
Horned Lizards

scholarly journals Girding the loins? Direct evidence of the use of a medieval parchment birthing girdle from biomolecular analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Fiddyment ◽  
Natalie J. Goodison ◽  
Elma Brenner ◽  
Stefania Signorello ◽  
Kierri Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biomolecular Analysis ◽  
Made In

AbstractIn this paper we describe a dry non-invasive extraction method to detect palaeoproteomic evidence from stained manuscripts. The manuscript analysed in this study is a medieval parchment birth girdle (Wellcome Collection Western MS. 632) made in England and thought to be used by pregnant women while giving birth. Using a dry non-invasive sampling method we were able to extract both human and non-human peptides from the stains, including evidence for the use of honey, cereals, ovicaprine milk and legumes. In addition, a large number of human peptides were detected on the birth roll, many of which are found in cervico-vaginal fluid. This suggests that the birth roll was actively used during childbirth. This study is the first to extract and analyse non-collagenous peptides from a parchment document using a dry non-invasive sampling method and demonstrates the potential of this type of analysis for stained manuscripts, providing direct biomolecular evidence for active use.

Early cardiovascular structural and functional abnormalities as a guide to future morbid events

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748732090141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A Duprez ◽  
Sue Duval ◽  
Lynn Hoke ◽  
Natalia Florea ◽  
Gregory Grandits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
And Function ◽  
Neutral Effect

Aims Our aim was to evaluate the predictive value of a battery of 10 non-invasive tests of cardiovascular structural and functional health on the future risk of cardiovascular morbid events. Methods and Results A total of 1900 asymptomatic adults concerned about their risk for cardiovascular disease underwent non-invasive assessment with 10 tests of vascular and cardiac structure and function. A disease score (DS) was calculated for each individual based on these 10 tests. Follow-up (mean 9.2 years) for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality was available for 1442 individuals (mean age 53.2 years, 48.2% women). Those in the lowest DS tertile (0–2) experienced 0.16 cardiovascular events per 100 patient-years (PY), those in the middle tertile (3–5) experienced 0.86 events per 100 PY, and those in the highest tertile (6+) experienced 1.3 events per 100 PY ( p < .001). Sensitivity analysis, assuming a neutral effect of DS on projected events in subjects not followed, did not alter statistical significance. Risk assessment using the Framingham risk score (FRS) also predicted morbid events but the two methods differed in identifying individuals at high risk. The net reclassification index was improved by 0.11 ( p = 0.01) when DS was added to FRS. Conclusions Assessing the biological disease process in the arteries and heart of asymptomatic adults provides a guide to the risk of a future cardiovascular morbid event. Larger and longer studies are needed to determine whether risk factor algorithms, the severity of the biological process or some combination is the optimal method for identifying individuals in need of intervention to delay morbid events.

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