scholarly journals BcMF27, A Pectin Methylesterase Gene, Regulates Pollen Development and Pollen Tube Growth in Brassica Campestris

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Yue ◽  
Jiashu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Pollen Wall ◽  
Pollen Tube Elongation ◽  
Wall Construction

Abstract Functional pollen grains are an essential ingredient of successful reproduction in flowering plants and are protected by outer walls. Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) modify pectin, a structural component of pollen intine. However, there are few studies on PMEs. Artificial microRNA (amiRNA) and overexpression technology was performed to investigate the function of pollen-specific PME gene, BcMF27, in pollen development. Knockdown of BcMF27 led to pollen wall collapse, 20% of which unknown material adhered to. Wall-collapsed pollen had abnormally thick intine outside of the germinal furrows. A portion of the cytoplasm was degraded in the remaining pollen with unknown material on the wall, in addition to a thick intine. Overexpression of BcMF27 resulted in 66.67% pollen wall disruption, causing an abnormally thick intine. In addition, functional interruption of BcMF27 gave rise to pollen tubes twisted in vitro. Taken together, BcMF27 contributes to the intine morphogenesis during pollen development and stabilizes pollen tube elongation. This research can promote knowledge of PMEs function and the molecular mechanism in pollen wall construction.

scholarly journals BcMF27 , a Pectin Methylesterase Gene, Regulates Pollen Development And Pollen Tube Growth in Brassica Campestris

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Yue ◽  
Jiashu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Pollen Wall ◽  
Pollen Tube Elongation ◽  
Wall Construction

Abstract Functional pollen grains are an essential ingredient of successful reproduction in flowering plants and are protected by outer walls. Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) modify pectin, a structural component of pollen intine. However, there are few studies on PMEs. Artificial microRNA (amiRNA) and overexpression technology was performed to investigate the function of pollen-specific PME gene, BcMF27, in pollen development. Knockdown of BcMF27 led to pollen wall collapse, 20% of which unknown material adhered to. Wall-collapsed pollen had abnormally thick intine outside of the germinal furrows. A portion of the cytoplasm was degraded in the remaining pollen with unknown material on the wall, in addition to a thick intine. Overexpression of BcMF27 resulted in 66.67% pollen wall disruption, causing an abnormally thick intine. In addition, functional interruption of BcMF27 gave rise to pollen tubes twisted in vitro. Taken together, BcMF27 contributes to the intine morphogenesis during pollen development and stabilizes pollen tube elongation. This research can promote knowledge of PMEs function and the molecular mechanism in pollen wall construction.

scholarly journals In vitro germination and viability of pea pollen grains after application of organic nano-fertilizers

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Georgieva ◽  
Ivelina Nikolova ◽  
Valentin Kosev ◽  
Yordanka Naydenova
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Pollen Tube Elongation

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of two organic nanofertilizers, Lithovit and Nagro, on in vitro germination, pollen tube elongation and pollen grain viability of Pisum sativum L cv. Pleven 4. The effect of their application was high and exceeded data for the untreated control (44.2 and 47.23 % regarding pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, respectively), as well as the effect of the control organic algal fertilizer Biofa (17.5 and 27.9 %, respectively). Pollen grains were inoculated in four culture media. A medium containing 15% sucrose and 1% agar had the most stimulating impact on pea pollen grains. Pollen viability, evaluated by staining with 1% carmine, was within limits of 74.72-87.97%. The highest viability of pollen grains was demonstrated after the application of Nagro organic nano-fertlizer.

scholarly journals Tradescantia bracteata pollen in vitro: pollen tubes development and mitosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lewandowska ◽  
M. Charzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Metaphase Plate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Generative Nucleus ◽  
Mitotic Spindles ◽  
Germinating Pollen ◽  
Vacuolar System

About 90 per cent of <i>Tradescantia bracteata</i> pollen germinates <i>in vitro</i> after 15 min. Mitosis starts in the pollen tube after about 3 h. The mitotic trans-formations of chromosomes within the generative nucleus are not synchronized. They involve succesively the linearly arranged chromosomes in the elongated generative nucleus. In metaphase the chromosomes are arranged tandem-like linearly along the pollen tube. The chromatides translocate in anaphase from various distances to the poles in a plane parallel to the metaphase plate. This suggests that chromosomes have individual mitotic spindles and that coordination of the chromosome transformations in the generative cell is much less strict than in a typical somatic mitosis. Starch is the storage material of pollen grains. In the vegetative cytoplasm of mature pollen grains minute reddish-orange vesicular structures are visible after staining with neutral red. They do not fuse with the vacuoles proper arising in germinating pollen grains to form the vacuolar system of the pollen tube.

scholarly journals Impact of Manganese on Pollen Germination and Tube Growth in Lily

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sawidis ◽  
Gülriz Baycu ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Aneta Sulborska
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Main Effect

Abstract In vitro culture of Lilium longiflorum pollen grains was carried out to determine the role of manganese in pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Pollen germination was adversely affected by the presence of manganese (>10 −8 M), whereas low concentrations (10 −12 –10 −10 M) stimulated the process. Manganese caused morphological anomalies during tube growth, characterized by irregular pollen tube thickening and swollen tips. The main effect was the anomalous cell wall formation at the tip, in which the presence of several organelles reduced the number of secretory vesicles. A loose network of fibrillar material and spherical aggregates, mostly in the tip region, was detected, and this material was progressively loosened into the surrounding medium. As a response to potential toxicity, the excess manganese was isolated in vacuoles, which formed an internal barrier against penetration of manganese to the tip area. Elevated manganese concentrations might affect plant reproduction, resulting in anomalies in gamete development. Consequently, the loss in genetic diversity and decreased fruit set ultimately lower yield.

scholarly journals Comparative analyses of angiosperm secretomes identify apoplastic pollen tube functions and novel secreted peptides

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Flores-Tornero ◽  
Lele Wang ◽  
David Potěšil ◽  
Said Hafidh ◽  
Frank Vogler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Secreted Proteins ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Secreted Peptides

Abstract Key message Analyses of secretomes of in vitro grown pollen tubes from Amborella, maize and tobacco identified many components of processes associated with the cell wall, signaling and metabolism as well as novel small secreted peptides. Abstract Flowering plants (angiosperms) generate pollen grains that germinate on the stigma and produce tubes to transport their sperm cells cargo deep into the maternal reproductive tissues toward the ovules for a double fertilization process. During their journey, pollen tubes secrete many proteins (secreted proteome or secretome) required, for example, for communication with the maternal reproductive tissues, to build a solid own cell wall that withstands their high turgor pressure while softening simultaneously maternal cell wall tissue. The composition and species specificity or family specificity of the pollen tube secretome is poorly understood. Here, we provide a suitable method to obtain the pollen tube secretome from in vitro grown pollen tubes of the basal angiosperm Amborella trichopoda (Amborella) and the Poaceae model maize. The previously published secretome of tobacco pollen tubes was used as an example of eudicotyledonous plants in this comparative study. The secretome of the three species is each strongly different compared to the respective protein composition of pollen grains and tubes. In Amborella and maize, about 40% proteins are secreted by the conventional “classic” pathway and 30% by unconventional pathways. The latter pathway is expanded in tobacco. Proteins enriched in the secretome are especially involved in functions associated with the cell wall, cell surface, energy and lipid metabolism, proteolysis and redox processes. Expansins, pectin methylesterase inhibitors and RALFs are enriched in maize, while tobacco secretes many proteins involved, for example, in proteolysis and signaling. While the majority of proteins detected in the secretome occur also in pollen grains and pollen tubes, and correlate in the number of mapped peptides with relative gene expression levels, some novel secreted small proteins were identified. Moreover, the identification of secreted proteins containing pro-peptides indicates that these are processed in the apoplast. In conclusion, we provide a proteome resource from three distinct angiosperm clades that can be utilized among others to study the localization, abundance and processing of known secreted proteins and help to identify novel pollen tube secreted proteins for functional studies.

scholarly journals Overexpression of Two CCCH-type Zinc-Finger Protein Genes Leads to Pollen Abortion in Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
Liai Xu ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Xingpeng Xiong ◽  
Weimiao Liu ◽  
Youjian Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Functional Redundancy ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Finger Protein

The pollen grains produced by flowering plants are vital for sexual reproduction. Previous studies have shown that two CCCH-type zinc-finger protein genes in Brassica campestris, BcMF30a and BcMF30c, are involved in pollen development. Due to their possible functional redundancy, gain-of-function analysis is helpful to reveal their respective biological functions. Here, we found that the phenotypes of BcMF30a and BcMF30c overexpression transgenic plants driven by their native promoters were similar, suggesting their functional redundancy. The results showed that the vegetative growth was not affected in both transgenic plants, but male fertility was reduced. Further analysis found that the abortion of transgenic pollen was caused by the degradation of pollen contents from the late uninucleate microspore stage. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that BcMF30a and BcMF30c could localize in cytoplasmic foci. Combined with the studies of other CCCH-type genes, we speculated that the overexpression of these genes can induce the continuous assembly of abnormal cytoplasmic foci, thus resulting in defective plant growth and development, which, in this study, led to pollen abortion. Both the overexpression and knockout of BcMF30a and BcMF30c lead to abnormal pollen development, indicating that the appropriate expression levels of these two genes are critical for the maintenance of normal pollen development.

scholarly journals Pollen tube guidance by the female gametophyte

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (12) ◽  
pp. 2489-2498 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Ray ◽  
S.S. Park ◽  
A. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Chromosomal Translocation ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Transmitting Tract ◽  
Pollen Tube Guidance

In flowering plants, pollen grains germinate on the pistil and send pollen tubes down the transmitting tract toward ovules. Previous genetic studies suggested that the ovule is responsible for long-range pollen tube guidance during the last phase of a pollen tube's journey to the female gametes. It was not possible, however, to unambiguously identify the signaling cells within an ovule: the haploid female gametophyte or the diploid sporophytic cells. In an effort to distinguish genetically between these two possibilities, we have used a reciprocal chromosomal translocation to generate flowers wherein approximately half the ovules do not contain a functional female gametophyte but all ovules contain genotypically normal sporophytic cells. In these flowers, pollen tubes are guided to the normal but not to the abnormal female gametophytes. These results strongly suggest that the female gametophyte is responsible for pollen tube guidance, but leave open the possibility that the gametophyte may accomplish this indirectly through its influence on some sporophytic cells.

Effect of nickel on pollen germination and pollen tube length in Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolja Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
Nutritional Medium ◽  
Arabis Alpina ◽  
Pollen Tube Elongation ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Pollen Tube Length

In this work we studied and compared the toxic effect of nickel (Ni) on pollen germination and pollen tube length in Arabis alpina L. collected from serpentine and non-serpentine populations distributed in the Rila mountains, Bulgaria. Pollen grains were treated with prepared standard solutions of 100, 300, 500, and 700 μM Ni as NiCl2 in distilled water. A nutritional medium was also used to assess pollen germination. Nickel inhibited pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in both serpentine and non-serpentine plants. The percentage of germinated pollen in serpentine plants treated with Ni was higher than in non-serpentine plants but there was no difference in pollen tube elongation between groups. However, pollen tubes showed abnormalities such as coiling and swelling of the tip, or burst, and varied considerably among the samples. A complete break of pollen tube elongation is due to such abnormalities. Also, decreased pollen fertility in both populations was found. The plants from serpentines were less sensitive to (i.e. more tolerant of) elevated Ni concentrations commonly found in serpentine soils.

scholarly journals Effects of day length on pollen tube elongation, embryo formation and seed development after flowering in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunori Isobe ◽  
Hikaru Sugiyama ◽  
Katsura Tamamushi ◽  
Taito Shimizu ◽  
Kana Kobashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Embryo Formation ◽  
Pollen Tube Elongation ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Seed Diameter

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of day length after flowering on pollen tube elongation, embryo formation and seed development. The quinoa varieties used in this study were Amarilla de Marangani (valley type) and NL-6 (sea-level type). After sowing, the quinoa plants were cultivated in growth cabinets. From sowing to flowering, plants were exposed to a 15 h day length regime. After flowering, the plants were grown under either a 15 h or 11 h day length regime. The elongation of the pollen tube and the formation of the early embryo were not inhibited in either Amarilla de Marangani or NL-6 under the 11 or 15 h day length regimes. Although growth of the embryo in NL-6 was not inhibited by the 15 h day length regime after flowering, the same was not observed in the case for Amarilla de Marangani. In Amarilla de Marangani, seed diameter at 8 and 14 days after flowering under the 11 h day length regime was larger than that of seeds grown under the 15 h day length regime. Thus, the decrease in the number of seeds in Amarilla de Marangani grown under the 15 h day length regime may be caused by the suspension of embryo growth after fertilization.

In vitro germination and pollen tube growth of maize (Zea mays) pollen. IX. Pollen source genotype and nonionic surfactant interactions

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Pfahler ◽  
H. F. Linskens ◽  
M. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Surfactant Effects

Because of their structure and active metabolic state, pollen grains are vulnerable to any agent in the in vitro germination medium. Surfactants are used in biological systems to reduce surface tension but are also known to produce subtle biochemical effects. This study investigated the effect of three nonionic surfactants on the germination characteristics of pollen grains from three pollen source genotypes. Pollen grains from three single cross hybrids (Wf9 × H55, K64 × K55, Ky228 × Ky226) were cultured on an artificial medium (15% sucrose, 0.6% bacto-agar, 0.03% calcium nitrate, 0.01% boric acid) supplemented with all possible combinations of three concentrations (10, 100, 1000 ppm, v/v) of the following surfactants: (i) Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate); (ii) X-114 (alkyl phenoxypolyethoxy ethanol); and (iii) commercial sticker spreader (alkyl olefin aromatic polymers). A control containing no supplement was included. Over all genotypes, increasing concentrations of Tween 80 had the least effect on the germination characteristics measured (germination and ruptured percent, pollen tube length at 1, 2, and 3 h after inoculation) and X-114 had the greatest effect with no germination found above 10 ppm. For most of the germination characteristics, highly significant pollen source genotype X concentration interactions were found for each surfactant. The direction and magnitude of the surfactant effects depended on the surfactant, its concentration, the germination characteristic involved, and the pollen source genotype.

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