A secondary data analysis of qualitative study of individualized treatment regimen for North Indians living with human immunodeficiency virus-1

Abstract Background A correlation between the CD4 counts and viral loads of HIV-1 infected North Indian patients with first line ART was reported. The follow up of fifty-seven patients were conducted after a confirmation genotypic test. The secondary data analysis was done on the data available to observe the correlation between the CD4 counts and viral loads (markers of clinical outcome) of HIV-1 Subtype C infected North Indian patients. Methods After analysis of the drug resistance mutations in individual patients through the drug resistance database, Stanford University, the data of resistance associated drugs, CD4 counts, viral load of individuals were compiled and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS Version 22. Normality of data was checked by Shapiro-Wilk test (p < 0.05). Results Starting and study end point data on CD4 count, viral load and drug resistance pattern associated with multiple first line ART was available for 24 North Indian patients. Starting and study end point data on CD4 count and drug resistance pattern associated with multiple first line ART was available for 33 North Indian patients. Conclusion Our findings are categorically indicative that policy recommendation to provide tailor-made individualized regimen based on molecular drug resistance testing to HIV patients under AIDS control program requires robust evidence before implementation.

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A secondary data analysis of qualitative study of individualized treatment regimen for North Indians living with human immunodeficiency virus-1

10.21203/rs.3.rs-744951/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sushanta Kumar Barik ◽

Avi Kumar Bansal ◽

Ashwini Yadav ◽

Srikanth Prasad Tripathy ◽

Tej Pal Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

First Line ◽

Cd4 Counts ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Indian Patients ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Endpoint Data ◽

The Individual

Abstract The follow-up of fifty-seven patients were conducted after a confirmation genotyping test. The secondary data analysis was done on the data available to observe the correlation between the CD4 counts and viral loads (One of the markers of clinical outcome) of the individual North Indian patients infected with HIV-1 Subtype C. The drug resistance mutations in individual patient were analysed through the drug resistance database, Stanford University, USA. The data of resistance associated with drugs, CD4 counts, viral loads of the individual patient was compiled and statistically analysed for drug resistance pattern profiles using Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS Version 22. The normality of data was checked by Shapiro-Wilk test (p<0.05). The study starting and endpoint data on CD4 counts, viral loads and drug resistance patterns associated with multiple first-line ART was available for 24 north Indian patients. The starting and study endpoint data on CD4 counts and drug resistance patterns associated with multiple first- line ART was available for 33 North Indian patients. The study indicative that the recommendation of policy to provide a tailor-made individualized regimen to each patient under AIDS control program.

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First Line Anti-Tubercular Drug Resistance Pattern of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolated From Specialized Hospitals of Dhaka City

Ibrahim Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/imcj.v8i2.26677 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 41-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md Mohiuddin ◽

J Ashraful Haq

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Surrogate Marker ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

First Line ◽

Drug Resistance Pattern ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

Lowenstein Jensen ◽

High Level

The present study was undertaken to determine the drug resistance pattern of M. tuberculosis isolated from 225 pulmonary and 45 extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases. The samples were cultured on Lowenstein Jensen (L-J) media for isolation of M. tuberculosis. Drug resistance to first line anti tubercular drugsnamely isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), Ethambutol (ETH) and streptomycin (SM) were determined by indirect proportion method. The overall drug resistance of M. tuberculosis was 53.6% to any of the first line anti tubercular drugs. Rate of multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among the untreated cases was 4.2%, while it was 36.0% in previously treated cases. It was found that 83.3% rifampicin resistant M. tuberculosis was cross resistant to one or more of other first line anti-tubercular drugs, while cross resistance of INH, ETH and SM resistant isolates was much low. The present study revealed that high level of drug resistance exists to individual anti tubercular drugs and MDR-TB is an emerging problem, particularly in treated cases. Rifampicin resistance could be used as a surrogate marker for drug resistance to other first line anti tubercular drugs.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2014; 8(2): 41-46

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Drug resistance pattern in Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the first line drugs of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Hazara Region, Pakistan

Tuberkuloz ve Toraks ◽

10.5578/tt.60781 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 26-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Faheem JAN ◽

Shahid WALI ◽

Sadia Sadia ◽

Muhammad Taj AKBAR ◽

Hafiz Sajid AKBAR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

First Line ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Drug Resistance Pattern

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Drug Resistance in a High Tuberculosis Incidence Area from the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.18433/j3j64h ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 428 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Noormohamad Mansoori ◽

Masoumeh Douraghi ◽

Ali Akbar Rajabloo ◽

Masoomeh Taziki ◽

Mehdi Yaseri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Mediterranean Region ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Tuberculosis Complex ◽

First Line ◽

Drug Resistance Pattern ◽

Golestan Province

Purpose: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Golestan province of Iran has been ranked 10th among countries of World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region. The province is residence of ethnically heterogeneous groups. However, there are limited data on Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in this province. The main aim of this study was to determine the resistance profile of M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates to first-line anti-TB drugs. Methods: The clinical specimens were collected from 11807 cases diagnosed during this study. MTBC isolates were tested for susceptibility to first-line anti-TB drugs. Results: A total of 176 new cases were diagnosed as culture positive for MTBC. There was one case that had multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolate and 18 (10.2%) had isolates that were resistant to at least one drug (any drug resistant). Resistance to streptomycin and isoniazid was noted in 15 (8.5%) and 5 isolates (2.8%), respectively. Also, a statistically significant association was observed between age groups and any drug resistance pattern (p = 0.022): 1-24 years vs. 25-45 years (p = 0.033), 25-45 years vs. >65 years (p = 0.010), 46-65 years vs. >65 years (p = 0.050). One third of any drug resistant isolates were obtained from TB patients of Persian ethnic group. Conclusion: Despite the high incidence of TB, the rate of MDR-TB in Golestan province was similar to those reported by WHO for Iranian new cases from other regions. One-tenth of the studied isolates showed any drug resistance pattern. This rate of any drug resistance implies the possibility of initial resistance of MTBC isolates circulating in this region.

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Nationwide Study of Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Infected Individuals under Antiretroviral Therapy in Brazil

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22105304 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 5304

Author(s):

Ana Santos-Pereira ◽

Vera Triunfante ◽

Pedro M. M. Araújo ◽

Joana Martins ◽

Helena Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Subtype C ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Drug Resistance Mutations ◽

Subtype B ◽

Low Prevalence ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

The success of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is threatened by the emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRM). Since Brazil presents the largest number of people living with HIV (PLWH) in South America we aimed at understanding the dynamics of DRM in this country. We analyzed a total of 20,226 HIV-1 sequences collected from PLWH undergoing ART between 2008–2017. Results show a mild decline of DRM over the years but an increase of the K65R reverse transcriptase mutation from 2.23% to 12.11%. This increase gradually occurred following alterations in the ART regimens replacing zidovudine (AZT) with tenofovir (TDF). PLWH harboring the K65R had significantly higher viral loads than those without this mutation (p < 0.001). Among the two most prevalent HIV-1 subtypes (B and C) there was a significant (p < 0.001) association of K65R with subtype C (11.26%) when compared with subtype B (9.27%). Nonetheless, evidence for K65R transmission in Brazil was found both for C and B subtypes. Additionally, artificial neural network-based immunoinformatic predictions suggest that K65R could enhance viral recognition by HLA-B27 that has relatively low prevalence in the Brazilian population. Overall, the results suggest that tenofovir-based regimens need to be carefully monitored particularly in settings with subtype C and specific HLA profiles.

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The association of rpoβ gene polymorphism and multi-drug resistance pattern of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

New Biotechnology ◽

10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.1327 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. S175

Author(s):

Nega Berhane Tessemma

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Drug Resistance Pattern

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Drug-resistance pattern ofMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains from patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis during 2006 to 2013 in a Korean tertiary medical center

The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine ◽

10.3904/kjim.2015.30.3.325 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 325 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ho Young Lee ◽

Jin Lee ◽

Young Seok Lee ◽

Mi-Yeong Kim ◽

Hyun-Kyung Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Medical Center ◽

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Drug Resistance Pattern

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Changing patterns and widening of antibiotic resistance inShigellaspp. over a decade (2000–2011), Andaman Islands, India

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268814000958 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 143 (3) ◽

pp. 470-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D. BHATTACHARYA ◽

H. BHATTACHARYA ◽

D. S. SAYI ◽

A. P. BHARADWAJ ◽

M. SINGHANIA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Third Generation ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Drug Resistance Pattern ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Third Generation Cephalosporins

SUMMARYThis study is a part of the surveillance study on childhood diarrhoea in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; here we report the drug resistance pattern of recent isolates ofShigellaspp. (2006–2011) obtained as part of that study and compare it with that ofShigellaisolates obtained earlier during 2000–2005. During 2006–2011, stool samples from paediatric diarrhoea patients were collected and processed for isolation and identification ofShigellaspp. Susceptibility to 22 antimicrobial drugs was tested and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for third-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combinations and gentamicin. A wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance was observed in theShigellastrains obtained during 2006–2011. The proportions of resistant strains showed an increase from 2000–2005 to 2006–2011 in 20/22 antibiotics tested. The number of drug resistance patterns increased from 13 in 2000–2005 to 43 in 2006–2011. Resistance to newer generation fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and augmentin, which was not observed during 2000–2005, appeared during 2006–2011. The frequency of resistance inShigellaisolates has increased substantially between 2000–2006 and 2006–2011, with a wide spectrum of resistance. At present, the option for antimicrobial therapy in shigellosis in Andaman is limited to a small number of drugs.

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