scholarly journals The Efficacy and Acceptability of Exposure Therapy for the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haomiao Li ◽  
Tengyue Huang ◽  
Shiyu Tan ◽  
Siyu Xie ◽  
Qisheng Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Severity Rating

Abstract BackgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common among children and adolescents who have experienced traumatic events. Exposure therapy (ET) has been shown to be effective in treating PTSD in adults. However, it remains uncertain in children and adolescents. AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of ET in children and adolescents with PTSD.MethodWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest, LILACS, international trial registries, and others for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessed ET in children and adolescents (aged ≤ 18 years) with PTSD up to August 31, 2020. The primary outcomes were efficacy (the endpoint score from PTSD symptom severity rating scales) and acceptability (all-cause discontinuation), secondary outcomes included efficacy at follow-up (score from PTSD scales at the longest point of follow-up), depressive symptoms (end-point score on depressive symptom severity rating scales) and quality of life/social functioning (end-point score on quality of life/social functioning rating scales).This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020150859).ResultA total of six RCTs including 278 patients assessed ET. The results showed that ET was statistically more efficacious than control groups (standardized mean differences [SMD]: −0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.91 to −0.03). In subgroup analysis, exposure therapy was more efficacious for patients with single type of trauma (SMD: −1.04, 95%CI: −1.43 to −0.65), and the intervention using prolonged exposure therapy (PE) (SMD: −1.04, 95%CI: −1.43 to −0.65) was superior. Results for secondary outcomes of efficacy at follow-up (SMD: −0.64, 95%CI: −1.17 to −0.10) and depressive symptoms (SMD: −0.58, 95%CI: −0.93 to −0.22) were similar to the findings for efficacy outcome. No statistically significant effects for acceptability and quality of life/social functioning were found.ConclusionET showed superiority in efficacy at post-treatment/follow-up and depressive symptoms improvement in children and adolescents with PTSD. Patients with single type of trauma may benefit more from ET. Moreover, PE could be a better choice.

Cathartic Effect of Suicide Attempts Not Limited to Depression

Crisis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Sarfati ◽  
Blandine Bouchaud ◽  
Marie-Christine Hardy-Baylé
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
World Health ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Short Term

Summary: The cathartic effect of suicide is traditionally defined as the existence of a rapid, significant, and spontaneous decrease in the depressive symptoms of suicide attempters after the act. This study was designed to investigate short-term variations, following a suicide attempt by self-poisoning, of a number of other variables identified as suicidal risk factors: hopelessness, impulsivity, personality traits, and quality of life. Patients hospitalized less than 24 hours after a deliberate (moderate) overdose were presented with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression and Impulsivity Rating Scales, Hopelessness scale, MMPI and World Health Organization's Quality of Life questionnaire (abbreviated versions). They were also asked to complete the same scales and questionnaires 8 days after discharge. The study involved 39 patients, the average interval between initial and follow-up assessment being 13.5 days. All the scores improved significantly, with the exception of quality of life and three out of the eight personality traits. This finding emphasizes the fact that improvement is not limited to depressive symptoms and enables us to identify the relative importance of each studied variable as a risk factor for attempted suicide. The limitations of the study are discussed as well as in particular the nongeneralizability of the sample and setting.

Perceived stress, social functioning and quality of life in first‐episode psychosis: A 1‐year follow‐up study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ortega ◽  
Itziar Montalvo ◽  
Rosa Monseny ◽  
Maria Dolors Burjales‐Martí ◽  
Lourdes Martorell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Episode Psychosis

scholarly journals The Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale for Children and Adolescents (C&A-GTS-QOL): Development and Validation of the Italian Version

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Cavanna ◽  
Chiara Luoni ◽  
Claudia Selvini ◽  
Rosanna Blangiardo ◽  
Clare M. Eddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Disease Specific

Background:Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a chronic childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder with a significant impact on patients’ health-related quality of life (HR-QOL). Cavanna et al. (Neurology 2008; 71: 1410–1416) developed and validated the first disease-specific HR-QOL assessment tool for adults with GTS (Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale, GTS-QOL). This paper presents the translation, adaptation and validation of the GTS-QOL for young Italian patients with GTS.Methods:A three-stage process involving 75 patients with GTS recruited through three Departments of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry in Italy led to the development of a 27-item instrument (Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale in children and adolescents, C&A-GTS-QOL) for the assessment of HR-QOL through a clinician-rated interview for 6–12 year-olds and a self-report questionnaire for 13–18 year-olds.Results:The C&A-GTS-QOL demonstrated satisfactory scaling assumptions and acceptability. Internal consistency reliability was high (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.7) and validity was supported by interscale correlations (range 0.4–0.7), principal-component factor analysis and correlations with other rating scales and clinical variables.Conclusions:The present version of the C&A-GTS-QOL is the first disease-specific HR-QOL tool for Italian young patients with GTS, satisfying criteria for acceptability, reliability and validity.

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms in adolescence and quality of life 17 years later, follow-up study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Renata Modrzejewska ◽  
Jacek Bomba ◽  
Paulina Cofór ◽  
Agnieszka Pac
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Follow Up Study

Long-term quality of life after breast cancer: comparison of 8-year survivors with population controls.

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dorval ◽  
E Maunsell ◽  
L Deschênes ◽  
J Brisson ◽  
B Mâsse
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Improve Quality

PURPOSE Quality of life of breast cancer survivors 8 years after diagnosis was compared with that among similarly aged women who had never confronted cancer (controls). METHODS Survivors of a consecutive series of 227 breast cancer patients first treated in 1984 were approached for this study. Random-digit dialing was used to identify controls with the same age and residential distribution as the survivors. Quality of life was assessed in terms of physical health, functional status, psychologic distress, and social functioning. RESULTS Participation was obtained from 96% (n = 124) of 129 eligible survivors and 61% (n = 262) of 427 potentially eligible controls. Consistently smaller proportions of survivors reported positive quality-of-life outcomes compared with controls, but these differences were generally small and nonsignificant statistically. When limited to women who remained free of disease over the entire follow-up period (n = 98), survivors' quality of life was similar to that among controls, with the exception of arm problems and sexual satisfaction for those women who lived with a partner. In contrast, survivors who developed recurrence or new primary breast cancer (n = 26) experienced a worse quality of life in all domains except social functioning. CONCLUSION In most domains and for women without further disease events after diagnosis, quality of life does not seem to be permanently and globally impaired by breast cancer. Consequently, breast cancer survivors who remain free of disease probably do not need organized late psychosocial follow-up to improve quality of life. However, arm problems and sexuality are two areas in which additional effort may be still needed to improve quality of life of long-term survivors.

Psychological Variables in Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and/or Palate

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ruiz Guillén ◽  
Cecilia Peñacoba ◽  
Martín Romero
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Cleft Lip Palate ◽  
Individual Variables

Objective: This review analyzes the psychological variables most frequently studied over the last 10 years in children and adolescents with cleft lip/palate (CL/P). Such variables are assumed to be the keys to these patients' psychosocial adjustment. Study design: Articles published from January 2007 to February 2017 were retrieved from PubMed to identify the psychological variables most commonly studied in children and adolescents with CL/P, irrespective of gender or type of cleft. The search terms were “cleft palate” and “psychology”, with the operator AND. Results: Of the 324 articles retrieved, 26 met the criteria for inclusion in the review. The psychological variables most extensively studied over the years were children's social functioning, quality of life and ability to cope. Conclusion: While CL/P patients' quality of life was unanimously agreed to be affected, no consensus was found in the literature on social functioning or coping. In addition to the cleft, patient adjustment was reported to be governed by individual variables and mediators. The range of ages most frequently studied was 7 to 16.

scholarly journals Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents undergoing intraoperative device closure of isolated perimembranous ventricular septal defects in southeastern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang-Shan Huang ◽  
Shu-Ting Huang ◽  
Kai-Peng Sun ◽  
Zhi-Nuan Hong ◽  
Liang-Wan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Ventricular Septal Defects ◽  
Device Closure ◽  
Septal Defects ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Objectives To investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents who underwent intraoperative device closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (pmVSDs). Methods From October 2017 to January 2018, a total of 126 children and adolescents with isolated pmVSDs who underwent intraoperative device closure were enrolled in this study. We used the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Measurement Models 4.0 generic core scales to measure HRQOL 24 h before the operation and three months and one year after surgery. Results A total of 126 patients were successfully occluded. No severe complications occurred during the operative time, and 1 case of Mobitz type I atrioventricular block (AVB) and 1 case of complete cAVB occurred during the postoperative period. Compared with the data before the operation, the total score and five domain scores, including physical, psychosocial, emotional, social and psychological functioning, were significantly higher at three months after the operation. In addition, the total score, physical functioning score, and the psychosocial functioning score at the 1-year follow-up were even higher than those at 3 months after the operation. Conclusions The present study suggests that intraoperative device closure of pmVSD could improve health-related quality of life in children/adolescents and that the improvement may progress as the time after the operation increases. Further studies should concentrate on comparisons with other medical methods, larger samples, and longer follow-up periods.

A waitlist control-group study of cognitive, mood, and quality of life outcome after posteroventral pallidotomy in Parkinson disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. R. Carr ◽  
Christopher R. Honey ◽  
Marci Sinden ◽  
Anthony G. Phillips ◽  
Jeffrey S. Martzke
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Motor Functioning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Posteroventral Pallidotomy ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The aim of this study was to examine neuropsychological outcome from unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy (PVP) in Parkinson disease while controlling for confounding factors such as test practice and disease progression. Methods. Participants underwent baseline and 2-month follow-up assessments of cognition, quality of life, mood, and motor functioning. The surgery group (22 patients) underwent PVP (15 left, seven right) after baseline assessment. The waitlist group (14 patients) underwent PVP after follow up. At follow up, the left PVP group exhibited a decline on verbal measures of learning, fluency, working memory, and speeded color naming. The incidence of significant decline on these measures after left PVP ranged from 50 to 86%. The right PVP group did not exhibit a significant cognitive decline, but fluency did decline in 71% of patients who underwent right PVP. Participants who underwent PVP reported better bodily pain and social functioning at follow up than participants in the waitlist group. Improved bodily pain was evident for 62% of the surgery group, and social functioning improved for 19%. Surgery did not alter reported physical functioning or mood. Dyskinesia improved after surgery, but there were no improvements in “on-state” manual dexterity or handwriting. Conclusions. Most patients who underwent left PVP exhibited declines in learning, fluency, working memory, and speeded color naming. Accounting for retesting effects altered the magnitude of these declines by up to one quarter of a standard deviation, but did not increase the breadth of postsurgical neuropsychological decline beyond that typically reported in the literature. It was found that PVP improved dyskinesia, bodily pain, and social functioning, but did not lead to improvement on other objective and self-reported measures of motor functioning.

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