scholarly journals Evaluation of Growth and Nutritional Status of Preschool Children: a Pilot Study in the Cold Area of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Yue Cao ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Mengyun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
China’S Growth

Abstract BackgroundThe growth and development of children is influenced not only by heredity but also by environmental factors, including nutrition and temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and nutritional status of preschool children in Daxing’anling, the coldest region of China.MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional survey was performed among preschool children aged 3 to 6 years by stratified cluster sampling in Daxing’anling. The children’s parents completed the questionnaires. Height, body weight and head circumference were measured, and Z scores for weight for height, weight for age, height for age and head circumference for age were evaluated. Anthropometric data were compared with World Health Organization standards and China’s growth references. The levels of vitamin A, E and 25-(OH)-D3 in serum were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography.ResultsA total of 305 children were recruited. The average height of the preschool children was lower than China’s growth reference but higher than the WHO standard. More than half of the preschool children ranged from -1 SD to +1 SD. Both the values of weight for height and of weight for age were positive and higher than the WHO standards (P<0.01), with a significant difference between boys and girls (P<0.01). The incidence of stunting, wasting, and underweight were 4.59%, 2.95% and 2.30%, respectively, although the prevalence of overweight and obesity was high (18.03% and 6.89%, respectively). The rates of vitamin A and D deficiency were 7.54% and 88.85%, respectively. Vitamin A was also positively associated with 25-(OH)-D3.ConclusionsThe growth and nutritional status of preschool children were generally good, although the double burden of malnutrition was observed. Vitamin D deficiency should be paid much attention to. It is necessary and urgent to carry out nutritional interventions for health.

scholarly journals Differences between WHO Growth Standards and China Growth Standards in Assessing the Nutritional Status of Children Aged 0–36 Months Old

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Qianling Tian ◽  
Xiao Gao ◽  
Tingting Sha ◽  
Qiong He ◽  
Gang Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
China’S Growth

Background: At present, whether to use the World Health Organization’s (WHO) growth standards or native growth standards to assess the nutritional status in a given population is unclear. This study aimed to compare the differences between the WHO’s growth standards and China’s growth standards in assessing the nutritional status of children aged 0~36 months. Methods: We used z-scores to evaluate the nutritional status of children. The weight-for-age z-scores (WAZs), length/height-for-age z-scores (LAZ/HAZs), and weight-for-length/height z-scores (WLZ/WHZs) were calculated using the WHO’s growth standards and China’s growth standards. MeNemar’s test was used to compare the nutritional status of children. Results: The results in this study showed that there were differences between the WHO’s standards and China’s standards in assessing children’s nutritional status except for stunting and obesity. The prevalence of underweight assessed using China’s standards was higher than when using the WHO’s standards (except when 3 and 36 months old). The prevalence of wasting was significantly higher when assessed using China’s standards than when using the WHO’s standards from 12 to 36 months. The prevalence of overweight was higher when assessed using the WHO’s standards from 3 to 8 months. Conclusions: Both the WHO’s and China’s growth standards are useful measures in assessing children’s nutritional status but with key significant differences. Therefore, caution should be taken in selecting appropriate measures in a given population.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of children and adolescents in three Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohija

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Fabiano ◽  
Lucia Barcellini ◽  
Marco Ugo Andrea Sartorio ◽  
Erica Pendezza ◽  
Alessandro Leone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Abstract Objective To evaluate nutritional status of children and adolescents living in three Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohija. Methods We conducted an observational cross-sectional, population-based study, enrolling children and adolescents who underwent a pediatric screening performed in the three Serbian enclaves of Gračanica, Gornje Kusce and Velika Hoča in Kosovo and Metohija. Children and adolescents (5–19 years) of all ethnic groups were evaluated in one of the three free outpatient medical facilities in rural villages in Kosovo. Body weight and height were measured, height-for-age z- scores (HAZ) and BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) indicators were analyzed. The anthropometric indicators HAZ and BAZ distributions were compared between sex and ages using Fisher’s exact test. A two-sample Z-test for proportions was used to detect differences in individual categories of height- and BMI-for-age categories across sexes and age classes. Results Three hundred twenty-eight children and adolescents (184 females, 56.1% and 144 males, 43.9%) aged between 5 and 19 years were enrolled in the study. 241/328 participants showed a normal linear growth; with significantly more girls (78.3%) than boys (67.4%) being in the normal category. Similarly, a significant difference in BAZ distribution between sexes was noted, with more females being in the normal BMI category compared to males (63.0% vs 50.0%, respectively). Underweight and severe underweight subjects showed a prevalence of 1.5 and 0.6%, respectively. Overweight and obesity prevalence was 19.5 and 9.1%, respectively, which was comparable to World Health Organization overweight and obesity prevalence data for Serbia. Conclusions Prevalence of undernutrition and severe undernutrition in children and adolescents living in three Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohija is small. By contrast, a tendency to an increase in overweight and obesity, especially in the male population, was noted.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nutritional Status of Preschool Children: Head Circumference and Other Anthropometric Indices

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
K Yeasmin ◽  
T Yeasmin
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
The Mean

Background: Undernutrition is one of the major responsible factors of morbidity and mortality among preschool children in the most developing countries. Weight for age Z-score (WAZ), height for age Z-score (HAZ) and weigh for height Z-score (WHZ) are widely used for indicating nutritional status of children. Therefore, the study was conducted to interpret the nutritional status based on head circumference for age z score (HCAZ), WAZ, HAZ and WHZ among children aged from 36 to 71 months in Rajshahi City area, Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study included one thousand and thirty five preschool children. Of them, 538 were boys and 497 were girls. Data were collected during the period of March 2017 to March 2018, using multistage random sampling method. Head circumference (HC) was measured (cm) and HC-for-age Z-score (HCAZ) was calculated according to World Health Organization recommendations. Z-score values of HC <-2 standard deviation below from the reference population were considered as undernourished. Z score -3 <HC< -2 standard deviation were taken as moderately undernourished whereas, ‘≤−3’ standard deviation were considered as severely undernourished, respectively. Results: Among boys the mean age and HC were 53.58 ± 10.68 and 48.62 ± 1.87 whereas, among girls the mean age and HC were 51.35 ± 11.17 and 48.00 ± 1.84 respectively. According to HC, the rate of moderate and severe malnourished children among boys were 33.3 % and 6.3% and among girls 30% and 13.5% respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition was higher according to HC for age in comparison to other parameters. The study revealed that 33.3% and 12.4% stunted, 41.3% and 12.7% underweight and 41.9% and 9.5% wasted children were moderately malnourished and severely malnourished according to HC respectively. The relationship between these three indicators and HC for age were statistically significant. Conclusion: As head circumference (HC) is a reliable physical index of both past nutritional situation and brain development and important indicator for measuring nutritional status, routine measurement and intervention for assessing and removing undernutrition is to be recommended. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2018; 44: 152-159

scholarly journals Secular Trends of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity in Children and Adolescents from Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3302
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dereń ◽  
Justyna Wyszyńska ◽  
Serhiy Nyankovskyy ◽  
Olena Nyankovska ◽  
Marta Yatsula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Obesity In Children

Overweight and obesity, as well as underweight in children and adolescents, pose a significant public health issue. This study aimed to investigate the secular trend of the incidence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children from Ukraine in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019. The studies were conducted in randomly selected primary and secondary schools in Ukraine. In total, 13,447 children (6468 boys and 6979 girls) participated in the study in 2013/2014 and 18,144 children (8717 boys and 9427 girls) participated in 2018/2019. Measurements of body weight and height were performed in triplicate. Underweight, overweight, and obesity were diagnosed according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the group of girls, a significant difference between 2013/2014 and 2018/2019 measurements was found only among 7-year-olds. The percentage of girls at this age exceeding the body mass index (BMI) norm was lower in the 2018/2019 study. In boys, a significant difference was also found in 7-year-olds, and, as in girls, a lower share of overweight and obesity was found in 2018/2019. But for the ages of 12, 13, and 15, the significant differences had a different character—more overweight or obese boys were found in the 2018/2019 study. The proportion of underweight children was similar for the majority of age groups in both genders and did not differ in a statistically significant way.

scholarly journals Obesity and associated lifestyle behaviours in Iran: findings from the First National Non-communicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance Survey

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Kelishadi ◽  
Siamak Alikhani ◽  
Alireza Delavari ◽  
Farshid Alaedini ◽  
Afshin Safaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviours ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the national prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as some associated lifestyle behaviours, for the first time in Iran.Design and SettingsThis population-based study was performed in early 2005 as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to non-communicable diseases’ risk factor surveillance. Dietary and physical activity habits were assessed by WHO questionnaires.SubjectsThe study population comprised 89 532 subjects aged over 15 years living in the 28 provinces of Iran.ResultsOverall, 50.4% (n= 45 113) of the participants were male and 64.6% (n= 57 866) were from the urban areas. The national estimates of overweight, obesity and morbid obesity were 28.6%, 10.8% and 3.4%, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg m−2in men, women, urban residents and rural residents were found in 37%, 48%, 46.7% and 35.5%, respectively. Abdominal obesity was present in 43.4% of women, 9.7% of men, 28.5% of the urban residents and 23% of the rural residents. Overweight as well as generalised and abdominal obesity were more prevalent in the 45–64-year age group. Although there was no significant difference in frequency of consumption of the food groups in subjects with different BMI categories, various kinds of physical activities showed a steady decline with increasing BMI.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study provide alarming evidence for health professionals and policy makers about the very high prevalence of generalised and abdominal obesity in Iran. The unhealthy lifestyle habits, notably sedentary lifestyles in our community, are the major contributing factors for this emerging public health problem.

scholarly journals Comparison and agreement of criteria for the BMI classification of physically active elderly women living in the Backlands, semi-arid Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo De Maio Nascimento ◽  
Luiz Gabriel Dantas Pereira ◽  
Phillipe Ramon Nogueira Cordeiro ◽  
Luciana Márcia Gomes de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: The study of the nutritional status of the elderly deserves attention, since there is no consensus on the criteria for the evaluation of the Body Mass Index (BMI) of this population.Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of elderly women practicing regular physical exercises, as well as to compare the World Health Organization (WHO) and Lipschitz criteria to the identification of health risk and to examine their agreement.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with 76 elderly women in physical exercise groups in Petrolina-PE. The nutritional status was obtained by the calculation of BMI according to WHO and Lipschitz criteria. The analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the variables, followed by Tukey post hoc. The Kappa statistic established the agreement between the BMI criteria, the Spearman coefficient determined the correlation between BMI and abdominal circumference (AC).Results: Elderly patients aged 60-79 years were classified as being overweight by WHO and eutrophic by Lipschitz. Octogenarian demonstrated eutrophy, according to the criterion of Lipschitz, WHO diverged for this group between thinness and eutrophy. There was a weak agreement between both criteria, Kappa (0.232, p = 0.002) and a strong correlation between BMI and CA (r = 0.722, p <0.001).Conclusion: There was a divergence between the WHO and Lipschitz criteria. The WHO proved to be more sensitive to identifying overweight and obesity and Lipschitz's normal weight and malnutrition. The CA measure was more competent to detect health risk, especially in elderly eutrophic women.

scholarly journals Levels of physical activity and screen time usage - Preliminary analysis from the Irish National Children's Food Consumption Survey II

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisling O'Donnell ◽  
Maria Buffini ◽  
Laura Kehoe ◽  
Aoibhín Moore Heslin ◽  
Anne Nugent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Consumption Survey

AbstractBeing physically active is associated with fundamental health benefits and assists with the maintenance of normal weight in children. The current World Health Organizations’ recommendation is for children to accumulate 60 minutes of physical activity (PA) per day to obtain such benefits. Conversely, time spent in sedentary behaviours including watching screens (ST) are positively associated with the risk of overweight and obesity in young people. The aim of this research was to estimate PA levels and ST usage of Irish children and to examine the relationship with body fat.This analysis was based on data collected from a nationally representative sample of Irish children aged 5–12-years (n = 591, 50% female) from The National Children's Food Consumption Survey II (www.iuna.net). The Child/Youth Physical Activity Questionnaires (C-PAQ/Y-PAQ) were used to measure PA and ST in 5–8 and 9–12-year-olds respectively. Both questionnaires were self-administered, recall instruments that assessed the frequency/duration of activities participated in over the previous 7-day period. The MET minutes (metabolic cost of the activity multiplied by the duration in minutes) of the PA's were calculated per child. Percentage body fat (%BF) was measured by a Tanita BC420MA device and participants were classified into categories based on their %BF, age and gender. Independent t-tests and ANOVA (post-hoc DunnettT-3) were used to assess differences between gender and %BF category.Overall, children spent 93 mins/d being physically active with 69% meeting the > 1hr recommendation. There was a significant difference in the time spent undertaking PA between boys (99 mins/d) and girls (88 mins/d) p = 0.020. Children spent 107 mins/d watching screens with 68% meeting the < 2hr guidance. Girls spent significantly less time watching screens (89 mins/d) than boys (124 mins/d) p ≤ 0.001. Children who had a normal %BF accumulated more PA MET mins/day compared to those who were classified as obese, which was significant in the total population (p = 0.007), for boys (p ≤ 0.001), but not girls (p = 0.929).This preliminary analysis indicates that a high proportion of Irish children are meeting the PA and ST recommendations, with boys being more physically active and spending more time watching screens compared to girls. However, results should be interpreted with caution as PA and ST usage were self-reported by participants. The association between PA MET minutes and %BF suggest that advice to encourage PA participation to combat excess adiposity in Irish children is justified. Future work should examine the role of other potential determinants of obesity in this cohort.

Caries Prevalence, Severity, and Pattern in Preschool Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad H. Wyne
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Anterior Tooth ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Posterior Tooth ◽  
Decay Component ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Aim To determine caries prevalence, severity, and pattern in preschool children of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods and Materials A total of 789 randomly selected preschool children, 379 (48%) male and 410 (52%) female, with mean age of 4.7 (SD 0.5) years were examined for dental caries using World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria. Results The overall caries prevalence among the sample was 74.8%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled (dmft) score was 6.1 (SD 3.9) with a decay component of 4.66, a missing component of 0.54, and a filled component of 0.92. There was no significant difference (p>.05) in caries prevalence and severity in relation to gender of the children. However, the caries prevalence and severity were significantly higher (p<.05) among children from government preschools as compared to those from private preschools. Among the posterior teeth, mandibular second molars (54.3%), and among anterior teeth, maxillary central incisors (27.9%) had the highest caries prevalence. Among the molars, caries prevalence was generally high in lower molars while among the anterior teeth, upper teeth generally had a higher caries prevalence. The majority of the children (50.3%) had both posterior and anterior tooth caries, 42.2% had posterior tooth caries only, while very few (7.5%) children had only anterior tooth caries. Conclusion Caries prevalence and severity are very high in the study population, and most children have posterior tooth caries. Clinical Significance Early measures such as fissure sealants, topical fluoride applications (as early as safely possible), and dietary fluoride supplements (where indicated) are needed to prevent caries of deciduous molars in high caries populations. Citation Wyne AH. Caries Prevalence, Severity, and Pattern in Preschool Children. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:024-031.

scholarly journals Early maternal menarche associated with overweight and obesity in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Putu Dianisa Rosari Dewi ◽  
I Made Arimbawa ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi ◽  
I Wayan Gustawan
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Obesity In Children

Background: The age of maternal menarche is thought to be intergenerationally associated with the incidence of overweight and obesity in their offspring, but studies are limited. Objective: To determine the intergenerational relationship between maternal age at menarche and the incidence of childhood obesity and overweight at preschool age. Methods: This research is an analytic cross-sectional study with a cluster sampling method which was conducted in preschool in Denpasar, Bali. Younger maternal menarche was defined as the age of maternal menarche less than 12 years. Overweight and obesity in children are expressed based on the growth curve of the World Health Organization (WHO) Body Mass Index/Age > +2 SD. Results: This study was conducted from October to November 2019 involving 204 samples, with the proportion of overweight and obese children were 28.9%. The mean age of menarche in mothers was 13.28 (SD +1.97) years with 11% of mothers experiencing early maturation. The adjusted ratio prevalence of maternal menarche <11 years was 3.96 (95% CI 1.56-10.08) and the nutritional status of overweight and obesity in the father was 3.22 (95% CI 1.67-6.26). Conclusion: In this study, it was found that there was a relationship between younger maternal age at menarche and overweight and obesity nutritional status in fathers with the incidence of overweight and obesity in children.

scholarly journals Changing Patterns in Lifestyle, Food Intake and Health Status between Selected Beneficiary People and Non-beneficiary People of Urban Slum in Dhaka City

2013 ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
AAM Kurshed ◽  
TMA Azad ◽  
MAH Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Full Stomach ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight For Age

To see the improvement in lifestyle, food intake and nutritional status of Beneficiary people of Shiree Project under Dushtha Shasthya Kendra, a comparative cross sectional study was done in Kamrangirchar slum among extreme poor people of Dhaka city and compared with non–beneficiary households. Beneficiary households of MDG-1 under Shiree Project got household economic intervention packages. In this stuy it is found that mean monthly income of the family was 6175.65 Tk in beneficiary group and 4288.14 Tk in non-beneficiary group. The mean monthly expenditure on food items of family was 3787.83 Tk in beneficiary group and 2796.61 Tk in non-beneficiary group. About 34 percent beneficiary households and 75 percent of all non-beneficiary households were poor having household’s monthly income less than 3000 taka. Some 15.7 percent beneficiary households had five amenities out of selected six and only 1.7 percent non-beneficiary households had five amenities. So, socio-economic condition of beneficiary extreme poor people has improved. Consumption of food items was significantly more in beneficiary households than non-beneficiary ones. Some 74 percent beneficiary households consumed four or more food items daily and 26 percent non-beneficiary households consumed four or more food items daily. On average 3.37 food items were consumed by beneficiary households and 2.49 food items by non-beneficiary households daily. More than 60% of the beneficiary people ate full stomach meals and less than 25 % of non-beneficiary people could afford to eat the same. So, beneficiary people were more food secure and more food diversified than non-beneficiary people. Nutritional status of the children by MUAC, Weight for Age Z-score, and Height for Age Z-score showed no significant difference between beneficiary and non-beneficiary group. Prevalence rate of underweight (Weight for Age Z-score) was 60.5% in beneficiary children and 65.9% in non-beneficiary children. Significant difference (P=0.044) was found by Weight for Height Z-score in both beneficiary and non-beneficiary group. The difference of mothers’ nutritional status by BMI between beneficiary group and non-beneficiary group was not statistically significant, though percentage of CED was lower and overweight was higher in beneficiary mothers than non-beneficiary ones. Though socio-economic status, food security and food intake were better in beneficiary people than non-beneficiary ones, the outcome of these factors were not significant in clinical and anthropometric status. Beneficiary households were on the way to meet first target of MGD-1 which is related to poverty reduction. But they were far away from reaching the second target and halving prevalence of underweight as described in MDG-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnut.v24i0.14033 Bangladesh J. Nutr. Vol. 24-25 Dec 2011-2012 pp.15-22

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