scholarly journals Solar Powered Irrigation for Sustainable Development and Its Risk in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minyahil Tanashu Toga
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

Abstract Background: In recent years, solar energy in Ethiopia has emerged as one of the cleanest, environmentally friendly, and reliable sources of energy. Energy is one of the main inputs of agriculture, especially for small scale irrigation, is becoming a focus in the agricultural water management agenda of the country Ethiopia. In this respect, Solar Powered Irrigation Systems are promoted widely in Ethiopia as the alternative to diesel-run pumps which is widely used by farmers in Ethiopia for sustainable development. These studies investigate the use of solar water pump for sustainable development and its risk in Ethiopia. Method: The investigation is based a review, assessment of inventory reports, scientific literatures and 10 people engaged in research, development, and/or implementation of solar power irrigation system were interviewed in person, household interviews and focus group discussionsResult: Solar based Small-scale irrigation is a policy priority in Ethiopia for rural poverty alleviation and growth, as well as climate adaptation, so there is considerable scope for expansion of small scale solar-based irrigation in Ethiopia. The risk is that farmers will consume more water than they did before the introduction of solar powered irrigation water pumping and if not well managed it will cause groundwater over abstraction, leading to depletion and degradation of groundwater resourcesConclusion: Sustainable development of the country can be achieved by enhancing solar powered small scale irrigation system to boost agricultural growth by enhancing agricultural productivity, decreases post-harvest loss, increase agribusiness income generation opportunity and revenue and increase energy efficiency and associated savings within the operation of farms and agribusiness while simulating low carbon economic growth within the agricultural sector of the country. Nevertheless, it is important to note that a solar-powered irrigation system if not well managed and regulated creates the risk of supporting unsustainable water use.

scholarly journals China’s Agricultural Irrigation and Water Conservancy Projects: A Policy Synthesis and Discussion of Emerging Issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Du ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Changshun Liu ◽  
Zhenhua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Water Conservancy ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Infrastructure

The United Nations (UN) has identified 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to tackle major barriers to sustainable development by 2030. Achieving these goals will rely on the contribution of all nations and require balancing trade-offs among different sectors. Water and food insecurity have long been the two major challenges facing China. To address these challenges and achieve the SDGs, China needs to safeguard its agricultural irrigation and water conservancy projects. Although China is making efforts to transition its agricultural development to a sustainable trajectory by promoting water-saving irrigation, a number of issues are emerging, both with policy reforms and technological innovations. Through synthesizing the historical development of agriculture and its relationship with policy and political regimes, this paper identifies four major issues that are challenging the sustainability transformation of China’s agricultural irrigation system and water conservancy projects: (1) problems with financial policy coordination between central and local governments; (2) the lack of incentives for farmers to construct and maintain irrigation infrastructure; (3) conflicts between decentralized operation of land and benefits from shared irrigation infrastructure; and (4) deterioration of small-scale irrigation infrastructure calls for action. In addressing these challenges, policy changes are required: government financial accountability at all levels needs to be clarified; subsidies need to be raised for the construction and management of small-scale irrigation and water conservancy projects; local non-profit organizations need to be established to enhance co-management between farmers and government.

scholarly journals Carbon Emission Governance Zones at the County Level to Promote Sustainable Development

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
He Zhang ◽  
Jingyi Peng ◽  
Dahlia Yu ◽  
Lie You ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
County Level ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Indicator Evaluation

Low-carbon governance at the county level has been an important issue for sustainable development due to the large contributions to carbon emission. However, the experiences of carbon emission governance at the county level are lacking. This paper discusses 5 carbon emission governance zones for 1753 counties. The zoning is formed according to a differentiated zoning method based on a multi-indicator evaluation to judge if the governance had better focus and had formulated a differentiated carbon emission governance system. According to zoning results, there is 1 high-carbon governance zone, 2 medium-carbon governance zones, and 2 low-carbon zones. The extensive high-carbon governance zone and medium-carbon zones are key governance areas, in which the counties are mainly located in the northern plain areas and southeast coastal areas and have contributed 51.88% of total carbon emissions. This paper proposes differentiated governance standards for each indicator of the 5 zones. The differentiated zoning method mentioned in this paper can be applied to other governance issues of small-scale regions.

scholarly journals PELAKSANAAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI BIDANG PENGAIRAN IRIGASI PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR DI TINJAU DARI UNDANG¬-UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG SUMBER DAYA AIR

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-94
Author(s):  
Zulhadi Lalu
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Development ◽  
Problems And Solutions

Irrigation facilities is one of the key factors in farming, especially for food crop farming, including rice. A smallscale irrigation system has an area of less than 500 hectares, and it is the backbone of family food security which in turn will lead to national food security. Damage irrigation system networks will threaten food production increase. In the future, irrigation infrastructure must be better managed so that agricultural sector can realize agricultural diversification, conserve wider irrigation system and maintain local wisdom and social capital in irrigation management. The objective of the paper is to analyze performance, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in Indonesia, including small irrigation concepts and understanding, small irrigation performance and development, small irrigation development policies, factors affecting smallscale irrigation development, investments, and prospects. The paper also compares various performances, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in other countries. Small scale irrigation performance is often better than large-scale irrigation, in the sense of water availability throughout the year and equitable water distribution for all service areas

scholarly journals Shallow groundwater in sub-Saharan Africa: neglected opportunity for sustainable intensification of small-scale agriculture?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gowing ◽  
Geoff Parkin ◽  
Nathan Forsythe ◽  
David Walker ◽  
Alemseged Tamiru Haile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

Abstract. There is a need for an evidence-based approach to identify how best to support development of groundwater for small scale irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We argue that it is important to focus this effort on shallow groundwater resources which are most likely to be used by poor rural communities in SSA. However, it is important to consider constraints, since shallow groundwater resources are likely to be vulnerable to over-exploitation and climatic variability. We examine here the opportunities and constraints and draw upon evidence from Ethiopia. We present a methodology for assessing and interpreting available shallow groundwater resources and argue that participatory monitoring of local water resources is desirable and feasible. We consider possib le models for developing distributed small-scale irrigation and assess its technical feasibility. Because of power limits on water lifting and also because of available technology for well construction, groundwater at depths of 50 m or 60 m cannot be regarded as easily accessible for small-scale irrigation. We therefore adopt a working definition of shallow groundwater as < 20 m depth. This detailed case study in the Dangila woreda in Ethiopia explores the feasibility of exploiting shallow groundwater for small-scale irrigation over a range of rainfall conditions. Variability of rainfall over the study period (9 % to 96 % probability of non-exceedance) does not translate into equivalent variability in groundwater levels and river baseflow. Groundwater levels, monitored by local communities, persist into the dry season to at least the end of December in most shallow wells, indicating that groundwater is available for irrigation use after the cessation of the wet season. Arguments historically put forward against the promotion of groundwater use for agriculture in SSA on the basis that aquifers are unproductive and irrigation will have unacceptable impacts on wetlands and other groundwater-dependent ecosystems appear exaggerated. It would be unwise to generalise from this case study to the whole of SSA, but useful insights into the wider issues are revealed by the case study approach. We believe there is a case for arguing that shallow groundwater in sub-Saharan Africa represents a neglected opportunity for sustainable intensification of small-scale agriculture.

scholarly journals The Impact of Using Small-Scale Irrigation Motor Pumps on Farmers’ Household Incomes in Ethiopia: A Quasi-Experimental Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8142
Author(s):  
Wubamlak Ayichew Workneh ◽  
Jun Takada ◽  
Shusuke Matsushita
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

Sectoral economic growth data in Ethiopia show that the agriculture sector has the lowest growth, which is caused by frequent drought and inefficient technologies, among other factors. As a result, the productivities of land and labor, as well as the income of small-scale farm households, are very low, and rural areas have a relatively high poverty rate. A quasi-experiment was applied to understand the impact of using small-scale irrigation motor pumps on farmers’ livelihood improvement. Specifically, a survey was conducted in 2019 on a sample of 92 small-scale irrigation motor pump and canal irrigation users as the treatment and control groups. The weighted propensity score matching method was applied to eliminate initial differences and adjust sampling proportions across the groups. Based on the average treatment effect on the treated estimation results, we cannot state that the mean income difference in small-scale irrigation motor pump users and canal irrigation system users is different from zero. This indicates that countries with little capital to invest in large-scale irrigation projects can introduce household-level small-scale irrigation motor pumps to improve farmers’ incomes.

scholarly journals Climate Finance and Its Role towards the Transition to Low-Carbon, Climate-Resilient Development in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Dendir
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Climate Finance ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Recent Emergence

Achieving and sustaining stability for economic growth remain the greatest and most immediate development challenge for Ethiopia. For natural resource-based economies especially maintaining stability and growth depends fundamentally upon climate change adaptation and mitigation. The close links between climate and Ethiopia’s economy are reflected by the strong relationship between GDP growth rate and rainfall variability. A study by the World Bank projects that unless steps to build resilience are effective, climate change will reduce Ethiopia’s GDP growth by between 0.5 and 2.5% each year. Along with the challenges posed by climate change, a number of development opportunities are emerging in response to climate change which includes access to international climate finance. The international response to climate change in the form of external development finance plays a key role to support developing countries in their transition to a low-carbon, climate-resilient and sustainable development pathway. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the flow and the overall contribution of climate finance to sustainable development in Ethiopia. Specifically, focused on outlining how climate finance is currently reconciled in the existing Ethiopian climate change governance and its contribution to sustainable development. In order to achieve these objectives, data were collected from different sources. The Rio Marker methodology applied to review climate financial flow over the 5 year period. The result reveals that, climate change is central to development agendas despite its recent emergence in the mainstream, with various initiatives under way to combat or reduce its impacts in Ethiopia. In addition, the amount of climate finance from the developed countries to Ethiopia shows some fluctuation for the past five years. In general, the overall flow of climate finance mostly targeted climate adaptation actions which spur and enable the transition towards climate-resilient growth and sustainable development.

A Portable Power Generating Apparatus for Irrigation System of Small Scale Farming “Tubig at Ilaw Mula sa Araw”

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeo G. Seguban
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water System ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Portable Power ◽  
Ac Power ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Solar Powered

To develop a project that uses solar devices is an outstanding job this time. Particularly these days that energy crisis is a serious problem. There is an economic consideration in this regard. As a way of solving the problem this study is conceived to fabricate a selfcontained portable power generating apparatus using solar energy that could be used as substitute for alternating current (AC) power to operate irrigation system using submersible pump to reduce farming inputs. The device can be also used for wide variety of lighting, ventilating and charging applications. Furthermore, this project is designed to contribute to environmental conservation and income generation through the establishment of solar-powered water system for urban/rural irrigation purposes. The project is affordable. The total cost is Php 50,000.00 only, cheaper compared to an AC generator using gasoline and diesel oil. Keywords - portable power generating apparatus, irrigation system, small scale farming

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