scholarly journals The incidence and localization of arterial Fenestrations of the human brain and their Association to brain aneurysms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Czyżewski ◽  
Zofia Hoffman ◽  
Patrycja Korulczyk ◽  
Kamil Torres ◽  
Grzegorz Staśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Vascular Anomaly ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Us ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Angio Ct ◽  
Brain Aneurysms

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of occurrence and the most common locations of the fenestration of the cerebral arteries, i.e. developmental anomalies consisting of segmental vessel splitting and also the correlation between their presence and the formation of intracranial aneurysms. 6,545 patients in Independent Public Teaching Hospital No. 4 in Lublin in years 2009-2019 who have undergone the angio-CT examination of the head were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of vascular fenestration was 0.75%, of which 75% were women and 25% men. Reported vascular anomalies most often occurred in the anterior parts of the circle of Willis – ACA (30.61%), AComA (22.45%) and also in BA (30.61%). It has been shown that the occurrence of different types of fenestrations was similar in the group of men and women. There have been diagnosed 11 cases of intracranial aneurysms among patients with observed fenestration (22.45%). For comparison, the incidence of cerebral aneurysms in Western Europe and the US ranges from 2% to 6%. It leads to the conclusion that among patients with fenestration, this type of vascular anomaly occurs much more often, hence they require more frequent control.

Medium-Term Results Using the Leo Self-Expanding Stent in the Treatment of Complex Intracranial Aneurysms

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Pardo ◽  
J.M. Pumar ◽  
M. Blanco ◽  
F. Vazquez ◽  
L. Guimaraens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Radial Force ◽  
Optimum Placement ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Detachable Coils ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

The preliminary experience with the Leo microstent in combination with detachable coils for the treatment of patients with wide-necked cerebral aneurysms is reported, and the technical complications and recommendations for optimum placement and deployment are discussed. Thirty two patients identified as harboring wide-necked aneurysm were selected for stent-assisted coiling. Aneurysms were paraophthalmic-cavernous in 13 cases, eight were located at the posterior communicating artery, four at the basilar artery, three at the vertebral arteries, two at the posterior cerebral arteries, one at the right middle artery, and one at the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery. After appropriate antiplatelet therapy, the Leo stent was delivered to the aneurysm site and positioned without difficulty, except in four cases requiring the use of steam to shape the tip of the Vasco microcatheter. Angiographic follow-up was undertaken at six months in 32 patients, at one year in 27 patients, and at two years in 20 patients. Stent placement in the desired position with complete or near complete occlusion of the aneurysm was feasible in all patients. In one patient, the stent was slightly displaced during microwire manipulation for aneurysm microcatheterization. Two-year angiography in 20 patients showed 18 complete occlusions and two aneurysms with a minimal residual neck. The Leo stent represents a significant advancement in the vascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms providing high radial force and an easy delivery system i.e., it is a feasible, secure and effective system.

Flow Diverted Aneurysmal Hemodynamic Simulations and Validation With Experiments

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Dholakia ◽  
C. Sadasivan ◽  
D. J. Fiorella ◽  
H. H. Woo ◽  
B. B. Lieber
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Surgical Clipping ◽  
Metallic Mesh ◽  
Treatment For Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Hemodynamic Simulations ◽  
Flow Diverters

Brain aneurysms occur due to abnormal ballooning of cerebral arteries. Rupture of the cerebral aneurysms can result in subarachnoid hemorrhage and may prove fatal for patients [1]. Surgical clipping is a highly invasive option for treatment of aneurysms. Endovascular flow diverting stents have recently emerged as a less invasive treatment for cerebral aneurysms. Flow diverters for intracranial aneurysms, are porous metallic mesh tubes deployed across the neck of the aneurysm to exclude the aneurysm from the circulation [2–4]. By producing a substantial reduction of flow inside the aneurysm and by promoting activation of platelets that cross the device into the aneurysm, intra-aneurysmal thrombus is generated and the aneurysm is eventually excluded from the circulation.

Morphometric Analysis of Reticular and Elastin Fibers in the Cerebral Arteries of Patients with Intracranial Aneurysms

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Chyatte ◽  
Jeffrey Reilly ◽  
David M. Tilson
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Dense Network ◽  
Reticular Fibers ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
And Control

Abstract Elastin and reticular fibers were identified using standard histological stains in middle cerebral arteries taken from patients who had died from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and control patients who did not have cerebral aneurysms, Examination of cerebral arteries from normal individuals revealed a dense network of fine reticular fibers in the arterial media that were uniformly distributed. Computerized morphometric analysis indicated that reticular fibers in the arterial media of cerebral arteries were significantly decreased in patients with aneurysms. In addition, these fibers were irregularly distributed and shortened when compared to those seen in control arteries. In both patients with aneurysms and control patients, elastin fibers were limited almost exclusively to the internal elastin lamina. No differences were observed in the appearance or content of elastin fibers in control patients and patients with aneurysm. Although other explanations cannot be excluded, these observations are consistent with the hypothesis that “intrinsic“ abnormalities in the walls of cerebral arteries lead to conditions that favor the formation and rupture of cerebral aneurysms.

scholarly journals Intracranial aneurysms: Review of current science and management

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor Toth ◽  
Russell Cerejo
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Risk Of Rupture ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Brain Aneurysms

Unruptured intracranial aneurysms often have a relatively benign clinical course. Frequently, they are found incidentally during workup for an underlying, possibly related or unrelated, symptom or condition. Overall, brain aneurysms are considered to have a relatively low annual risk of rupture. However, should it occur, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Our understanding of the natural history and treatment outcomes of cerebral aneurysms has significantly increased over the last few decades, but choosing the optimal management for each patient requires the careful consideration of numerous medical, clinical and anatomic factors. The purpose of this review is to help physicians and caregivers, who may participate in the diagnosis, counseling and triage of patients with brain aneurysms, understand the basic elements of decision making. We discuss natural history, risk factors, screening, presentation, diagnosis, and their implications on aneurysm management and long-term follow-up. We also provide an overview of the risks and benefits of currently available treatment options.

Do Men and Women Feel Extreme Jealousy in Different Types of Relationships? Sex Differences in the Contexts of Jealousy and Envy

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad J. Sagarin ◽  
Katharine E. Seidelman ◽  
Leah Peryer ◽  
Jeremy Heider ◽  
Sherman B. Serna
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Different Types

Searching for new Sources of growth. Are the Developing Countries Catching up with the Developed ones?

2015 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The West ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relative Standing

This paper examines the trajectory of growth in the Global South. Before the 1500s all countries were roughly at the same level of development, but from the 1500s Western countries started to grow faster than the rest of the world and PPP GDP per capita by 1950 in the US, the richest Western nation, was nearly 5 times higher than the world average and 2 times higher than in Western Europe. Since 1950 this ratio stabilized - not only Western Europe and Japan improved their relative standing in per capita income versus the US, but also East Asia, South Asia and some developing countries in other regions started to bridge the gap with the West. After nearly half of the millennium of growing economic divergence, the world seems to have entered the era of convergence. The factors behind these trends are analyzed; implications for the future and possible scenarios are considered.

Continuity in Any Language

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-171
Author(s):  
Travis E. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Creation Myths ◽  
Alta California ◽  
The Us

This article analyzes the memories of pre-1848 Alta California recounted in the 1870s to Hubert Howe Bancroft’s agent Thomas Savage by a multiethnic group of men and women. The narrators, regardless of ethnic origin, overwhelmingly told stories that insisted on continuity between Alta California in the 1830s and 1840s and the US state birthed in the late 1840s. Even if they had been on opposing sides of political upheavals, they all insisted that their altruistic efforts had helped to transition California peacefully from Mexican rule to home rule and from home rule to US control while preserving both California’s people and California’s culture. This multicultural memory of continuity was later supplanted by rupture-based Anglo Californian creation myths.

Religion and Religiosity in the US

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef Pollack ◽  
Gergely Rosta
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Although the countries of Western Europe are very similar to the US in terms of their social, political, and economic conditions, they differ greatly when it comes to religion. Chapter 10 discusses how these differences can be explained. The empirical analysis shows that, besides the considerable differences in the level of religiosity between the US and Western Europe, there are also surprising similarities in the weakening church ties and religious practices. The findings demonstrate that it is in many respects not Europe but America that is the exception. This relates among other things to the level of social inequality, which is unusually high for a modern society, the strong tendencies towards functional dedifferentiation, such as between religion and politics, and the traditionalism of the culturally accepted system of values.

scholarly journals Incidence and Characteristics of Retinoblastoma in Poland: The First Nationwide Study 2010–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6539
Author(s):  
Michał S. Nowak ◽  
Bożena Romanowska-Dixon ◽  
Iwona Grabska-Liberek ◽  
Michał Żurek
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Focal Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Birth Cohort Analysis

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the incidence and characteristics of retinoblastoma in the overall population of Poland. Methods: The retrospective survey of both National Health Fund (NHF) and National Cancer Registry (NCR) databases were performed to identify all retinoblastoma cases in Poland in the years 2010–2017. Results: During 2010–2017, the mean age-standardised incidence of retinoblastoma (the unit of incidence is per 1,000,000 person-years) was 10.15 (95% CI 7.23–13.08) among children aged 0 to 4 years and 5.39 (95% CI 4.18–6.60) in those aged 0 to 9 years. During 2010–2014 (to allow 5 years of follow-up), the mean incidence of retinoblastoma by birth cohort analysis in Poland was 4.89 (95% CI 4.04–5.74) per 100,000 live births, corresponding to an incidence of 1 per 20,561 (95% CI 15,855–25,267) live births. In Poland, 14.6% of children with retinoblastoma had enucleation of the eye globe, 76.8% received different types of chemotherapy combined with focal treatment, 5.9% were treated with external beam radiotherapy, and 2.7% were treated with focal treatments only. Conclusions: The incidence of retinoblastoma and the pattern of medical management of retinoblastoma in Poland was similar to that reported in developed countries in Western Europe, Asia, and North America.

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