scholarly journals Rapid brain atrophy after COVID-19 encephalitis;Disintegrata Furiosa!

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
BOBY VARKEY MARAMATTOM ◽  
Tejaswi Rao
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Cerebellar Atrophy ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Brain Involvement ◽  
Serial Mri

Abstract Objectives: We had a patient with COVID-19 encephalitis who demonstrated striking brain atrophy on 3 MRI scans 60 days apart. We aimed to quantify the volume loss and brain atrophy. This is the first report that quantifies brain atrophy with COVID encephalitis.Methods: A 75 year old partially vaccinated man with COVID encephalitis underwent 3 serial MRI scans. Manual volumetry using PACS software was used to average and quantify brain atrophy between the three scans.Results: In 60 days, our patient had approximately 11.52 % (117 ml) of forebrain atrophy, which corresponded to 78 years of accelerated aging. Cerebellar atrophy of 6.2% (7.7 cc) was also noted. Discussion: We have demonstrated striking brain atrophy with COVID encephalitis. Brain involvement and atrophy or connectome disruptions might contribute to post COVID cognitive impairment. Serial MRI scans after COVID-19 and volumetric analysis may detect post COVID brain atrophy as a cause of cognitive dysfunction.

scholarly journals Rapid brain atrophy after COVID-19 encephalitis; Disintegrata Furiosa!

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
BOBY VARKEY MARAMATTOM ◽  
Tejaswi Rao
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Cerebellar Atrophy ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Brain Involvement ◽  
Serial Mri

Abstract Objectives: We had a patient with COVID-19 encephalitis who demonstrated striking brain atrophy on 3 MRI scans 60 days apart. We aimed to quantify the volume loss and brain atrophy. This is the first report that quantifies brain atrophy with COVID encephalitis.Methods: A 75 year old partially vaccinated man with COVID encephalitis underwent 3 serial MRI scans. Manual volumetry using PACS software was used to average and quantify brain atrophy between the three scans.Results: In 60 days, our patient had approximately 11.52 % (117 ml) of forebrain atrophy, which corresponded to 78 years of accelerated aging. Cerebellar atrophy of 6.2% (7.7 cc) was also noted. Discussion: We have demonstrated striking brain atrophy with COVID encephalitis. Brain involvement and atrophy or connectome disruptions might contribute to post COVID cognitive impairment. Serial MRI scans after COVID-19 and volumetric analysis may detect post COVID brain atrophy as a cause of cognitive dysfunction.

scholarly journals Conservatively treated massive prolapsed discs: a 7-year follow-up

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Benson ◽  
SP Tavares ◽  
SC Robertson ◽  
R Sharp ◽  
RW Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Oswestry Disability Index ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Herniated Disc ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Disc Herniations ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Serial Mri

INTRODUCTION The natural history of a lumbar hernia of the nucleus pulposus (HNP) is not fully known and clear indications for operative intervention cannot be established from the literature. Several studies have shown that the largest discs appear to have the greatest tendency to resolve. The aim of this study was to investigate whether massive prolapsed discs can be safely managed conservatively once clinical improvement has occurred. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-seven patients were studied by clinical assessments and serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over 2 years. Patients had severe sciatica at first, but began to show clinical improvement despite the large disc hernia-tions. Clinical assessment included the Lasegue test and neurological appraisal. The Oswestry Disability Index was used to measure function and changes in function. Serial MRI studies allowed measurement of volume changes of the herniated disc material over a period of time. RESULTS Initial follow-up at an average of 23.2 months revealed that 83% had a complete and sustained recovery at the initial follow-up. Only four patients required a discectomy. The average Oswestry disability index improved from 58% to 15%. Volumetric analysis of serial MRI scans found an average reduction of 64% in disc size. There was a poor correlation between clinical improvement and the extent of disc resolution. CONCLUSIONS A massive disc herniation can pursue a favourable clinical course. If early progress is shown, the long-term prognosis is very good and even massive disc herniations can be treated conservatively.

scholarly journals The aging human brain: A causal analysis of the effect of sex and age on brain volume

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Gómez-Ramírez ◽  
Miguel A. Fernández-Blázquez ◽  
Javier González-Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Causal Analysis ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Brain Volume Loss ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe goal of this work is to study how brain volume loss at old age is affected by factors such as age, APOE gene, sex, and school level. The study of brain volume loss at old age relative to young age requires at least in principle two MRI scans performed at both young and old age. There is, however, a way to address the problem by having only one MRI scan at old age. We compute the total brain loss of elderly subjects as the ratio between the estimated brain volume and the estimated total intracranial volume. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 890 healthy subjects aged 69 to 85 were assessed. The causal analysis of factors affecting brain atrophy was performed using Probabilistic Bayesian Modeling and the mathematics of Causal Inference. We find that healthy subjects get into their seventies with an average brain volume loss of 30% from their maximum brain volume at a young age. Both age and sex are causally related to brain atrophy, with women getting to elderly age with 1% larger brain volume relative to intracranial volume than men. How the brain ages and what are the reasons for sex differences in adult lifespan are causal questions that need to be addressed with causal inference and empirical data. The graphical causal modeling presented here can be instrumental in understanding a puzzling scientific inquiry-the biological age of the brain.

Brain atrophy in Parkinson's disease - Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Kitani ◽  
Shoutai Kobayashi ◽  
Shuhei Yamaguchi ◽  
Tokugoro Tsunematsu
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Cerebellar Atrophy

Lipidomics and cognitive dysfunction – A Narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Chakraborty ◽  
Samir Kumar Praharaj ◽  
R. V. Krishnananda Prabhu ◽  
M. Mukhyaprana Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Lipids ◽  
Complex Lipids ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
The Brain

AbstractBackgroundMore than half portion of the brain is formed by lipids. They play critical roles in maintaining the brain's structural and functional components. Any dysregulation in these brain lipids can lead to cognitive dysfunction which are associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, vascular dementia etc. Studies have linked lipids with cognitive impairment. But not much has been studied about the complex brain lipids which might play a pivotal role in cognitive impairment. This review aims to highlight the lipidomic profiles in patients with cognitive dysfunction.ResultsForty-five articles were reviewed. These studies show alterations in complex lipids such as sphingolipids, phospholipids, glycolipids and sterols in brain in various neurological disorders such as vascular dementia, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. However, the classes of fatty acids in these lipids involved are different across studies.ConclusionsThere is a need for targeted lipidomics analysis, specifically including sphingolipids in patients with neurodegenerative disorders so as to improve diagnostics as well as management of these disorders.

scholarly journals Study of cognitive functions in major idiopathic interstitial pneumonias

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed W. Zakaria ◽  
Reem I. El-Korashy ◽  
Mostafa O. Shaheen ◽  
Samah Selim ◽  
Kwashi J. Amum
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Impaired Lung Function ◽  
State Examination

Abstract Background Cognitive dysfunction in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is an important clinical co-morbidity that is associated with impaired lung function. The aim of the work is to assess cognitive function in major IIP and to find out the relation between cognitive dysfunction and the oxygenation parameters. Results Fifty individuals were involved in the study; 30 patients with major IIP and 20 healthy individuals. Patients with IIP had significantly lower mini mental state examination (MMSE) score compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Wechsler Deterioration Index (WDI) revealed that 33.3% (n = 10) of the patients with IIP had sure cognitive impairment and 26.6% (n = 8) had ongoing cognitive deterioration. Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) had lower cognitive function than other IIP. Conclusion There is an impairment of cognitive function in patients with major IIP, particularly in IPF, as measured by WDI and MMSE. Further large studies are needed to assess the possible predictors of cognitive impairment and their effects on the patients’ outcome.

Curcumin Reduces Neuroinflammation and Improves the Impairments of Anesthetics on Learning and Memory by Regulating the Expression of miR-181a-5p

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Guizhen Liu ◽  
Yuchuan Sun ◽  
Fei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The purpose of this study was to explore the role of curcumin (Cur) in isoflurane (ISO)-induced learning and memory dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rats and further elucidate the mechanism of the protective effect produced by Cur. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Rat models of cognitive impairment were established by inhaling 3% ISO. The Morris water maze test was used to assess the cognitive function of rats. ELISA and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression levels of miR-181a-5p, respectively. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Cur significantly improved the ISO-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats and alleviated the ISO-induced neuroinflammation. miR-181a-5p was overexpressed in ISO-induced rats, while Cur treatment significantly reduced the expression of miR-181a-5p. Overexpression of miR-181a-5p promoted the cognitive impairment and the release of inflammatory cytokines and reversed the neuroprotective effect of Cur. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Cur has a protective effect on ISO-induced cognitive dysfunction, which may be achieved by regulating the expression of miR-181a-5p.

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Associated with Pasteurella multocida Meningitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normand L. Proulx ◽  
Mark S. Freedman ◽  
James W. Chan ◽  
Baldwin Toye ◽  
Cathy C. Code
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Persistent Fever ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
One Year ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Serial Mri

ABSTRACT:Objective:To describe a case of Pasteurella multocida meningitis associated with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).Case report:A 33-year-old woman employed in a dog pound presented herself to hospital with fever and meningismus and was found to have culture positive Pasteurella multocida meningitis. Despite appropriate antibiotic treatment her clinical course was characterized by a persistent fever and worsening encephalopathy, which prompted further neurological investigation. Spinal fluid exam and serial MRI scans as well as her one-year clinical course were found to be compatible with ADEM.Conclusion:Persistent fever and worsening encephalopathy in meningitis may indicate a para-infectious immune process such as ADEM, and may serve as indications for further neurological investigation.

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