scholarly journals Wave-shaped microfluidic chip assisted point-of-care testing for accurate and rapid diagnosis of infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binfeng Yin ◽  
Xinhua Wan ◽  
Mingzhu Yang ◽  
Changcheng Qian ◽  
A S M Muhtasim Fuad Sohan
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Chip ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Multiple Biomarkers

Abstract Background: Simultaneous and timely detection of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) provides effective information for the accurate diagnosis of infections. Early diagnosis and classification of infections increase the cure rate while decreasing complications, which is significant for severe infections, especially for war surgery. However, traditional methods rely on laborious operations and bulky devices. On the other hand, point-of-care (POC) methods suffer from limited robustness and accuracy. Therefore, it is of urgent demand to develop POC devices for rapid and accurate diagnosis of infections to fulfill on-site militarized requirements.Methods: We developed a wave-shaped microfluidic chip (WMC) assisted multiplexed detection platform (WMC-MDP). WMC-MDP reduces detection time and improves repeatability through premixing of the samples and reaction of the reagents. We further combined the detection platform with the streptavidin-biotin (SA-B) amplified system to enhance the sensitivity while using chemiluminescence (CL) intensity as signal readout. We realized simultaneous detection of CRP, PCT, and IL-6 on the detection platform and evaluated the sensitivity, linear range, selectivity, and repeatability. Finally, we finished detecting 15 samples from volunteers and compared the results with commercial ELISA kits.Results: Detection of CRP, PCT, and IL-6 exhibited good linear relationships between CL intensities and concentrations in the range of 1.25-40 μg/mL, 0.4-12.8 ng/mL, and 50-1600 pg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) of CRP, PCT, and IL-6 were 0.54 μg/mL, 0.11 ng/mL, and 16.25 pg/mL, respectively. WMC-MDP is capable of good adequate selectivity and repeatability. The whole detection procedure takes only 22 minutes that meets the requirements of a POC device. Results of 15 samples from volunteers were consistent with the results detected by commercial ELISA kits.Conclusion: WMC-MDP allows simultaneous, rapid, and sensitive detection of CRP, PCT, and IL-6 with satisfactory selectivity and repeatability, requiring minimal manipulation. However, WMC-MDP takes advantage of being a microfluidic device showing the coefficients of variation less than 10% enabling WMC-MDP to be a type of POCT. Therefore, WMC-MDP provides a promising alternative to point-of-care testing (POCT) of multiple biomarkers. We believe the practical application of WMC-MDP in militarized fields will revolutionize infection diagnosis for soldiers.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Paper-Based Microfluidic Analysis Device for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Biomarkers with a Smartphone

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Seung Ho Baek ◽  
Chanyong Park ◽  
Jaehyung Jeon ◽  
Sungsu Park
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Multiple Biomarkers ◽  
Microfluidic Analysis

Paper-based microfluidic analysis devices (μPADs) have attracted attention as a cost-effective platform for point-of-care testing (POCT), food safety, and environmental monitoring. Recently, three-dimensional (3D)-μPADs have been developed to improve the performance of μPADs. For accurate diagnosis of diseases, however, 3D-μPADs need to be developed to simultaneously detect multiple biomarkers. Here, we report a 3D-μPADs platform for the detection of multiple biomarkers that can be analyzed and diagnosed with a smartphone. The 3D-μPADs were fabricated using a 3D digital light processing printer and consisted of a sample reservoir (300 µL) connected to 24 detection zones (of 4 mm in diameter) through eight microchannels (of 2 mm in width). With the smartphone application, eight different biomarkers related to various diseases were detectable in concentrations ranging from normal to abnormal conditions: glucose (0–20 mmol/L), cholesterol (0–10 mmol/L), albumin (0–7 g/dL), alkaline phosphatase (0–800 U/L), creatinine (0–500 µmol/L), aspartate aminotransferase (0–800 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (0–1000 U/L), and urea nitrogen (0–7.2 mmol/L). These results suggest that 3D-µPADs can be used as a POCT platform for simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Paper-Based Microfluidic Analysis Device for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Biomarkers With a Smartphone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Ho Baek ◽  
Chanyong Park ◽  
Jaehyung Jeon ◽  
Sungsu Park
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Multiple Biomarkers ◽  
Microfluidic Analysis

Paper-based microfluidic analysis devices (μPADs) have attracted attention as a cost-effective platform for point-of-care testing (POCT), food safety, and environmental monitoring. Recently, three-dimensional (3D)-μPADs have been developed to improve the performance of μPADs. For accurate diagnosis of diseases, however, 3D-μPADs need to be developed to simultaneously detect multiple biomarkers. Here, we report a 3D-μPADs platform for the detection of multiple biomarkers that can be analyzed and diagnosed with a smartphone. The 3D-μPADs were fabricated using a 3D digital light processing printer and consisted of a sample reservoir (300 µL) connected to 24 detection zones (of 4 mm in diameter) through 8 microchannels (of 2 mm in width). With the smartphone application, eight different biomarkers related to various diseases were detectable in concentrations ranging from normal to abnormal conditions: glucose (0–20 mmol/L), cholesterol (0–10 mmol/L), albumin (0–7 g/dL), alkaline phosphatase (0–800 U/L), creatinine (0–500 µmol/L), aspartate aminotransferase (0–800 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (0–1000 U/L), and urea nitrogen (0–7.2 mmol/L). These results suggest that 3D-µPADs can be used as a POCT platform for simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers.

scholarly journals Demonstration of a Label-Free and Low-Cost Optical Cavity-Based Biosensor Using Streptavidin and C-Reactive Protein

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Donggee Rho ◽  
Seunghyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Label Free ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cavity Structure

An optical cavity-based biosensor (OCB) has been developed for point-of-care (POC) applications. This label-free biosensor employs low-cost components and simple fabrication processes to lower the overall cost while achieving high sensitivity using a differential detection method. To experimentally demonstrate its limit of detection (LOD), we conducted biosensing experiments with streptavidin and C-reactive protein (CRP). The optical cavity structure was optimized further for better sensitivity and easier fluid control. We utilized the polymer swelling property to fine-tune the optical cavity width, which significantly improved the success rate to produce measurable samples. Four different concentrations of streptavidin were tested in triplicate, and the LOD of the OCB was determined to be 1.35 nM. The OCB also successfully detected three different concentrations of human CRP using biotinylated CRP antibody. The LOD for CRP detection was 377 pM. All measurements were done using a small sample volume of 15 µL within 30 min. By reducing the sensing area, improving the functionalization and passivation processes, and increasing the sample volume, the LOD of the OCB are estimated to be reduced further to the femto-molar range. Overall, the demonstrated capability of the OCB in the present work shows great potential to be used as a promising POC biosensor.

scholarly journals A Smartphone Camera Colorimetric Assay of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Activity

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1796
Author(s):  
Miroslav Pohanka ◽  
Jitka Zakova
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Colorimetric Test ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Butyrylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Additional Education

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) can serve as biochemical markers of various pathologies like liver disfunction and poisonings by nerve agents. Ellman’s assay is the standard spectrophotometric method to measure cholinesterase activity in clinical laboratories. The authors present a new colorimetric test to assess AChE and BChE activity in biological samples using chromogenic reagents, treated 3D-printed measuring pads and a smartphone camera as a signal detector. Multiwell pads treated with reagent substrates 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenyl acetate, indoxylacetate, ethoxyresorufin and methoxyresorufin were prepared and tested for AChE and BChE. In the experiments, 3D-printed pads containing indoxylacetate as a chromogenic substrate were optimal for analytical purposes. The best results were achieved using the red (R) channel, where the limit of detection was 4.05 µkat/mL for BChE and 4.38 µkat/mL for AChE using a 40 µL sample and a 60 min assay. The major advantage of this method is its overall simplicity, as samples are applied directly without any specific treatment or added reagents. The assay was also validated to the standard Ellman’s assay using human plasma samples. In conclusion, this smartphone camera-based colorimetric assay appears to have practical applicability and to be a suitable method for point-of-care testing because it does not require specific manipulation, additional education of staff or use of sophisticated analytical instruments.

Point-of-care testing for C-reactive protein in acute cough presentations in primary care

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Simon Searle-Barnes ◽  
Peter Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Acute Cough ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Viral Aetiology ◽  
Prescription Rates ◽  
The Uk

Acute cough is one of the most common illnesses in the UK, with an estimated 48 million cases per annum. The majority of these presentations are thought to be of viral aetiology and self-limiting in nature, yet some studies report antibiotic prescription rates of approximately 65% in the UK. Clincians' decision-making process can be influenced by both patient expectations and difficulty in differentiating between viral and bacterial aetiologies by clinical examination alone. This article will consider the feasibility, efficacy, benefits and limitations of using point-of-care testing of C-reactive protein within primary care in the United Kingdom to help inform management of acute cough.

scholarly journals Whole Blood Immunoassay Based on Centrifugal Bead Sedimentation

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Y Schaff ◽  
Greg J Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Immunoassay Technique ◽  
Microfluidic Immunoassay

BACKGROUND Centrifugal “lab on a disk” microfluidics is a promising avenue for developing portable, low-cost, automated immunoassays. However, the necessity of incorporating multiple wash steps results in complicated designs that increase the time and sample/reagent volumes needed to run assays and raises the probability of errors. We present proof of principle for a disk-based microfluidic immunoassay technique that processes blood samples without conventional wash steps. METHODS Microfluidic disks were fabricated from layers of patterned, double-sided tape and polymer sheets. Sample was mixed on-disk with assay capture beads and labeling antibodies. Following incubation, the assay beads were physically separated from the blood cells, plasma, and unbound label by centrifugation through a density medium. A signal-laden pellet formed at the periphery of the disk was analyzed to quantify concentration of the target analyte. RESULTS To demonstrate this technique, the inflammation biomarkers C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were measured from spiked mouse plasma and human whole blood samples. On-disk processing (mixing, labeling, and separation) facilitated direct assays on 1-μL samples with a 15-min sample-to-answer time, <100 pmol/L limit of detection, and 10% CV. We also used a unique single-channel multiplexing technique based on the sedimentation rate of different size or density bead populations. CONCLUSIONS This portable microfluidic system is a promising method for rapid, inexpensive, and automated detection of multiple analytes directly from a drop of blood in a point-of-care setting.

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