scholarly journals Gender Difference in the Incidence of Malaria Diagnosed at Public Health Facilities in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffer Okiring ◽  
Adrienne Epstein ◽  
Jane F. Namuganga ◽  
Emmanuel V. Kamya ◽  
Isaiah Nabende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Malaria Surveillance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
The Cross

Abstract BackgroundRoutine malaria surveillance data in Africa primarily come from public health facilities reporting to national health management information systems. Although information on gender is routinely collected from patients presenting to these health facilities, stratification of malaria surveillance data by gender is rarely done. This study evaluated gender difference among patients diagnosed with laboratory confirmed malaria at public health facilities in Uganda.MethodsThis study utilized individual level patient data collected from January 2020 through April 2021 at 12 public health facilities in Uganda and cross-sectional surveys conducted in target areas around these facilities in April 2021. Associations between gender and the incidence of malaria and non-malarial visits captured at the health facilities from patients residing within the target areas were estimated using poisson regression models controlling for seasonality. Associations between gender and data on health seeking behaviour from the cross-sectional surveys were estimated using poisson regression models controlling for seasonality. ResultsOverall, incidence of malaria diagnosed per 1000 person years was 735 among females and 449 among males (IRR=1.72, 95% CI 1.68-1.77, p<0.001), with larger differences among those 15-39 years (IRR=2.46, 95% CI 2.34-2.58, p<0.001) and over 39 years (IRR=2.26, 95% CI 2.05-2.50, p<0.001) compared to those under 15 years (IRR=1.46, 95% CI 1.41-1.50, p<0.001). Female gender was also associated with a higher incidence of visits where malaria was not suspected (IRR=1.77, 95% CI 1.71-1.83, p<0.001), with a similar pattern across age strata. These associations were consistent across the 12 individual health centres. From the cross-sectional surveys, females were more likely than males to report fever in the past 2 weeks and seek care at the local health centre (7.5% vs 4.7%, p=0.001) with these associations significant for those 15-39 years (RR=2.49, 95% CI 1.17-5.31, p=0.018) and over 39 years (RR=2.56, 95% CI 1.00-6.54, p=0.049). ConclusionsFemales disproportionately contribute to the burden of malaria diagnosed at public health facilities in Uganda, especially once they reach childbearing age. Contributing factors included more frequent visits to these facilities independent of malaria and a higher reported risk of seeking care at these facilites for febrile illnesses.

scholarly journals Analysis of patterns of antibiotic prescribing in public health facilities in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anant Nepal ◽  
Delia Hendrie ◽  
Suzanne Robinson ◽  
Linda A Selvey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Inappropriate Use

Introduction: Inappropriate use of antibiotics is recognised as a leading cause of antibiotic resistance. Little is known about antibiotic prescribing practices at public health facilities in low- and middle-income countries. We examined patterns of antibiotic prescribing in public health facilities in Nepal and explored factors influencing these practices. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of antibiotic prescribing in public health facilities was conducted in the Rupandehi district of Nepal. Six public health facilities were selected based on WHO guidelines, and data were extracted from administrative records for 6,860 patient encounters. Patterns of antibiotic prescribing were investigated using descriptive statistics. Chi-squared tests and logistic regressions were applied to explore factors associated with antibiotic prescribing. Results: Of patients attending public health facilities, the proportion prescribed at least one antibiotic (44.7%) was approximately twice the WHO recommended value (20.0 to 26.8%). The antibiotic prescribing rate for hospital inpatients (64.6%) was higher than for other facilities, with the prescribing rate also high in primary health care centres (50.4%) and health posts (52.2%). The most frequently (29.9%) prescribed antibiotic classes were third-generation cephalosporins. Females (p = 0.005) and younger (p < 0.001) patients were more likely to be prescribed antibiotics. High prescribing rates of antibiotics for selected diseases appeared contrary to international recommendations. Conclusion: Antibiotic prescribing in public health facilities was high compared with WHO guidelines, suggesting the need for strategies to reduce misuse of antibiotics. This study provides useful information to assist in formulating policies and guidelines to promote more appropriate use of antibiotics in Nepal.

Meconium-stained liquor and low birth weight increases the odds of low fifth-minute apgar scores in public health facilities of arba minch town, southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Abera Mersha ◽  
Shitaye Shibiru ◽  
Agegnehu Bante
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Public Health Facilities

Background: Low Apgar scores in the childbirth period increased risk globally and significantly contributes to both newborn morbidity and mortality. Hence, it is very essential to update information on the status of low fifth-minute Apgar scores and factors affecting. Some studies were conducted, but most are retrospective and record reviews. Besides, there is limited study in country-Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the recent status of low fifth-minute Apgar scores and factors affecting in the study setting. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 286 newborns in public health facilities of Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia from February 6 to March 9, 2019. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling method. Pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaires and checklist were used to collect the data. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to Stata version 15 for analysis. A crude and adjusted odds ratio was computed in the binary logistic regression model. In this study, P-value, < 0.05 was considered to declare factors as a statistically significant association. Results: In this study, 17.8% (95%CI: 13.8%, 22.7%) of neonates had low fifth-minute Apgar scores. Condition of labor (induced/augmented) (AOR=3.33, 95%CI: 1.24, 8.90), meconium-stained liquor (AOR=3.37, 95%CI: 1.17, 9.74), and birth weight (AOR=3.48, 95%CI: 1.23, 9.86) were significantly associated with neonate’s low fifth-minute Apgar scores. Conclusions: This study indicated that a significant number of newborns resulted in low fifth-minute Apgar scores. Strengthen the provision of health information during antenatal care; avoid delay in screening high-risk mothers during pregnancy and delivery, and give immediate interventions should be recommended.

scholarly journals Healthcare providers’ level of involvement in provision of smoking cessation interventions in public health facilities in Kenya

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy W. Gichuki ◽  
Rose Opiyo ◽  
Possy Mugyenyi ◽  
Kellen Namusisi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Public Health Facilities

Healthcare providers can play a major role in tobacco control by providing smoking cessation interventions to smoking patients. The objective of this study was to establish healthcare providers’ practices regarding smoking cessation interventions in selected health facilities in Kiambu County, Kenya. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among healthcare providers working in public health facilities in Kiambu County, Kenya. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 400 healthcare providers selected using a two-stage stratified sampling technique. Only 35% of the healthcare providers surveyed reported that they always asked patients about their smoking status. Less than half (44%) reported that they always advised smoking patients to quit. Respondents who had received training on smoking cessation interventions were 3.7 times more likely to have higher practice scores than those without training (OR=3.66; 95%CI: 1.63-8.26; P=0.003). Majority of the healthcare providers do not routinely provide smoking cessation interventions to their patients. Measures are needed to increase health worker’s involvement in provision of smoking cessation care in Kenya.

scholarly journals Factors that affect vaccines availability in public health facilities in Nairobi city county: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Wanjiku Kanja ◽  
Peter Ndirangu Karimi ◽  
Shital Mahindra Maru ◽  
Pierre Claver Kayumba ◽  
Regis Hitimana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Facilities

scholarly journals Level of Quality of Option B+PMTCT Service Provision in Public Health Facilities in Mekelle Zone, Northern Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiros Fenta Ajemu ◽  
Alem Desta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Maternal Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Output Quality

Abstract Background Substantial improvements have been observed in coverage and access to maternal health services in Ethiopia. However, quality of care has been lagging behind. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess quality of OptionB + in Mekelle Zone, Northern Ethiopia.Methods Facility based cross-sectional study involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted from December 2016- January 2017. The quality of service delivery was assessed in 11 public health facilities in Mekelle. Data collection was conducted using facility audit, observation, and client exit interview check list to assess (Input-Process–Output) quality components. Similarly in-depth interview guide was used to gather qualitative data. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Descriptive statistics were computed to summarize the study findings and triangulation was made with qualitative findings.Results Overall, 2 (16.7%) of study health facilities full filled all the three quality components but none in 3(25%). The input quality component was better than the others in which 4(33.3%) facilities were rated as good. The process and output quality components were judged as good in 3(25%) study health facilities.Conclusion Only 16.7% of facilities studied were achieved good quality with respect to the three predetermined quality components. Since, assessed items in each quality component were potentially easy to intervene; strengthening program monitoring needed by program managers at each level of the health facilities.

Health professionals attitude, willingness to use mobile health technology and its associated factors in Dessie town public health facilities, northeast, Ethiopia : a cross sectional study design (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amare Kassie ◽  
Adamu Jemere ◽  
Atsede Shiferaw
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Northeast Ethiopia ◽  
Willingness To Use

BACKGROUND Background: The improved telecommunication infrastructure and reduced device costs in developing countries, including in Ethiopia increases the mobile phone penetration significantly. Nowadays, digitization of information to improve the access, quality and equity of health services becomes increasing important. However, resistance to use mobile technology for improving the health service among health professionals remains the problem in the health care system. OBJECTIVE Objective: This study aimed to determine the attitude and willingness to use mobile health technology and its associated factors among health professional in Dessie town public health facilities northeast, Ethiopia. METHODS Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April, 2016 in Dassie town of public health facilities, Northeast Ethiopia. A total of 422 health professionals who were working at public health facilities were selected using the proportionate probability sampling technique. Data collected using a standard structured and self-administered questionnaire, and an observational checklist were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-info version 7.2.1, and transferred into SPSS version 20 for further statistical analysis. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 at the multiple logistic regression analysis were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS Result: In this study, attitude and willingness to use mHealth among health professionals were found to be76.5% and 80.1%, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, health professionals’ age ranged from 20-29 years [AOR= 2.50, 95% CI: 1.22, 5.12], being male [AOR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.46, 5.09], had access to internet [AOR=3. 51, 95% CI: 1.55, 7.96], and prior use of mobile phone for expected date of delivery (EDD) and for pulse rate monitoring were significantly associated with the attitude to use mHealth. While, willingness to use the technology was significantly associated with access to the internet [AOR=3. 92, 95% CI: 1.67, 9.16], prior mobile phone use of for diagnosis [AOR= 2.84, 95%CI: 1.35, 5.95], EDD calculation [AOR =2. 72, 95% CI: 1.23, 6.03] and pulse rate monitoring [AOR=2. 68, 95% CI: 1.28, 5.59]. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions: Health professional’s attitude and willingness to use mHealth were low when compared to previous studies. Access to internet, previous use of mobile phone for health services such as for pulse rate monitoring and for calculating date of delivery, younger age (20-29 years) and being male were among the reported significant variables. Therefore, motivating health professional to use the mobile phone to improve health services and working to access free internet at the health facilities are highly recommended.

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