scholarly journals Multiple Pregnancy Increases the Risk of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Vilela dos Santos ◽  
Débora Nonato Miranda Toledo ◽  
Bianca Alves Almeida ◽  
Valter F Andrade-Neto ◽  
Nathalia S Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Abstract Background. Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) is an infectious disease caused by placental transfer of Toxoplasma gondii protozoa to the fetus, and can generate neurological and neurocognitive deficits, or death. As a mother’s infection poses the risk of fetal transmission in about 30% of the cases, appropriate preventive strategies are required for infection-related risk factors. The present study assessed the prevalence of T. gondii infection and the factors associated with congenital toxoplasmosis in pregnant women with assistance from the Public Health Service at Ouro Preto, Brazil.Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and December 2020. Pregnant women (n = 131) aged between 13 and 46 years, were recruited and evaluated for specific IgM and IgG antibody levels against T. gondii. These women also responded to a structured questionnaire, which was later used to determine the socioeconomic, environmental, gestational, clinical, and dietary patterns.Results. The prevalence of infection by T. gondii was 45.8% (n = 60); of these, multigravida women were more exposed to infection and were 2.6 times more likely to become infected with T. gondii compared to primigravida women (OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.25-5.39). A high prevalence of T. gondii seropositivity was identified in pregnant women in the region of Ouro Preto, Brazil, where part of the sample reported the absence of basic sanitation at home.Conclusion. Our data identified multigravida as a potential risk factor for gestational toxoplasmosis, based on the high positivity of anti-T. gondii serology in these women Thus, educational and preventive measures must be intensified in both primigravida and multigravida women, to increase awareness regarding the potential risks of contact with T. gondii.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant mother in Makassar, Indonesia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0245572
Author(s):  
Nurul Fadilah Ali Polanunu ◽  
Sitti Wahyuni ◽  
Firdaus Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

The protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii is estimated to infect one-third of the world’s population. Infection in pregnant women can cause severe conditions for their babies. Until now, there is no data regarding Toxoplasma infection from Makassar pregnant mothers. This study aims to obtain information on Toxoplasma specific antibodies and to measure the risk factor associate with parasite infection. This cross-sectional study conducted in 9 of 47 primary health centres (Puskesmas) in Makassar. Blood samples and questionnaires were collected from 184 pregnant women aged 15–42 years old from September to October 2020. ELISA technique was used to examine the IgG and IgM antibodies. Univariable and multivariable analyses were carried out to measure factors that independently associate with Toxoplasma antibody positivity. Our result showed the range of Toxoplasma IgM and IgG are 0.06–1.01 and 0.09–3.01, respectively. While no one of our participants has an acute Toxoplasma gondii infection (IgM positive), we found 32,6% pregnant mothers are exposed to parasite (positive IgG). Contact with cats [OR(95%CI): 10.45(3.77–28.99)], consume chicken satay [OR(95%CI): 9.72(3.71–25.48)] and consume un-boiled water/ filtered water [OR(95%CI): 5.98(1.77–20.23)] are independently associate with positive Toxoplasma IgG antibody. Based on the result, we conclude that pregnant women in Makassar are exposed to T. gondii and the oocyst and tissue cyst of parasite contaminates food and water in Makassar.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence rates of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus among first trimester pregnant women in Istanbul

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Aysegul Ozer ◽  
Mujde Canday ◽  
Aslihan Yurtkal ◽  
Ebru Alici Davutoglu ◽  
Yasam Kemal Akpak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Obstetric Clinic

Background: Toxoplasma Gondii, Rubella, and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) are the most common causes of congenital infections worldwide. There is not a consensus on these infectious agents should be screened during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of toxoplasma, rubella, and CMV infections in order to know the need for antenatal screening.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 1309 ambulatory pregnant patients who applied to the obstetric clinic of a university hospital between October 2016 and April 2018. Documents of patients in the first trimester were reviewed and serologic data of Toxoplasma gondii, CMV, Rubella infections were retrieved from the computer database.Results: Of 1309 pregnant women, positivity for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody was 352(26.9%), while 17(1.3%) of the subjects tested were positive for the anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody. These positivities of the pregnant women for anti-Rubella IgG and IgM were 1147(87.6%) and (0.1%), respectively. These positivities of the pregnant women for anti-CMV IgG and IgM were 1163(88.8%) and 17(1.3%), respectively.Conclusions: We detected high rates of immunity against Rubella and CMV but low rates of immunity against Toxoplasma in this retrospective cohort of pregnant women. Due to high rates of seropositivity against Rubella and CMV, routine nationwide screening may not be necessary.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Kumasi: A Cross-Sectional Study at a District-Level Hospital, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bhavana Singh ◽  
Linda Batsa Debrah ◽  
Godfred Acheampong ◽  
Alexander Yaw Debrah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Level Hospital

Background. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in a district-level hospital in Ghana and compared the diagnostic performance of the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for T. gondii diagnosis. Method. This cross-sectional study included 400 consecutive consenting women in their first-trimester stage of pregnancy. A validated well-structured closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and possible risk factors of each participant. Blood samples were collected for analysis of T. gondii IgG and IgM using the commercial ELISA Kit and RDT. Results. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education ( cOR = 1.9 , 95% CI (1.1-3.1), and p = 0.020 ) and contact with cats ( cOR = 1.7 , 95% CI (1.1-2.8), and p = 0.030 ) were significant predictors of T. gondii infection, with the former being the only independent risk factor for T. gondii infection ( aOR = 1.8 , 95% CI (1.0-3.0), and p = 0.034 ) by the ELISA method. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of RDT-IgM against ELISA were 42.9%, 95.9%, and 0.694, respectively, whereas those of RDT-IgG were 31.0%, 91.2%, and 0.611, respectively. The diagnostic consistency between the two methods was fair for both RDT-IgM ( κ = 0.304 ) and RDT-IgG ( κ = 0.201 ). Conclusion. The prevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women at Kumasi is 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education and contact with cats were the major risk factors of T. gondii infection. Using ELISA as the reference, the RDT used in this study for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection has low sensitivity, and therefore, it is unreliable. However, this finding does not invalidate all RDTs because there are several other brands of RDT with good sensitivity and specificity. Further studies to ascertain the performance of other commercially available RDT kits are needed.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infections among pregnant women in Makassar, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Fadilah Ali Polanunu ◽  
Sitti Wahyuni ◽  
Firdaus Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health Centres ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

AbstractThe protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii is estimated to infect one-third of the world’s population. Infection in pregnant women can cause severe conditions for their babies. Until now, there is no data regarding Toxoplasma infection from Makassar pregnant mothers. This study aims to obtain information on Toxoplasma specific antibodies and to measure the risk factor associate with parasite infection. This cross-sectional study conducted in 9 of 47 primary health centres (Puskesmas) in Makassar. Blood samples and questionnaires were collected from 184 pregnant women aged 15-42 years old from September to October 2020. ELISA technique was used to examine the IgG and IgM antibodies. Univariable and multivariable analyses were carried out to measure factors that independently associate with Toxoplasma antibody positivity. Our result showed the range of Toxoplasma IgM and IgG are 0.06-1.01 and 0.09-3.01, respectively. While no one of our participants has an acute Toxoplasma gondii infection (IgM positive), we found 32,6% pregnant mothers are exposed to parasite (positive IgG). Contact with cats [OR(95CI): 8.04 (3.09-20.87)], consume chicken satay [OR(95CI): 7.46(3.06-18.21)] and consume un-boiled water [OR(95CI): 5.23(1.57-17.38)] are independently associate with positive Toxoplasma IgG antibody. Based on the result, we conclude that pregnant women in Makassar are exposed to T. gondii and the cyst of parasite contaminates food and water in Makassar.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Jerant-Patic ◽  
Vesna Milosevic ◽  
Ivana Hrnjakovic-Cvjetkovic ◽  
Aleksandra Patic ◽  
Sandra Stefan-Mikic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of seropositive pregnant women, i.e. of pregnant women infected with Toxoplasma gondii in order to provide an insight into the risk of developing congenital toxoplasmosis in our community. Material and Methods. In the period of two years, 662 pregnant women from Vojvodina were examined serologically. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests were performed to determine IgM and IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and the complement fixation test was done to detect total antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. Results and Discussion. Seropositivity was determined in 180 pregnant women (27.19%). Of 135 pregnant women examined in the routine control in pregnancy, 16.30% were seropositive and out of five proven, completely new Toxoplasma gondii infections, three were detected in pregnant women who had undergone the routine check-up for no specific symptoms. A detailed analysis of the frequency of seropositive findings in relation to clinical diagnoses and the place of residence of pregnant women (urban and rural areas) was performed. At the same time, the results from the serological reactions were presented, commented and interpreted, and recommendations were given for the implementation of additional examinations (eg, IgG antibody avidity test) in order to make the accurate diagnosis. Conclusion. It can be concluded that the occurrence of congenital toxoplasmosis is still a problem in our community and that the best prevention is the prompt and adequate examination of pregnant women for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii infection.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Patterns of Women with a Twin Pregnancy—A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7724
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kwiatkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Kosińska-Kaczyńska ◽  
Izabela Walasik ◽  
Agnieszka Osińska ◽  
Iwona Szymusik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active

Background: No specific physical activity guidelines are available for women in multiple pregnancy. Aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and experience of women regarding physical activity during their latest twin pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional study including women after a twin delivery was conducted in Poland. A questionnaire was distributed in 2018 via web pages and Facebook groups designed for pregnant women. Results: 652 women filled out the questionnaire completely. Only 25% of women performed any physical exercises during twin gestation. The frequency of preterm delivery was similar in physically active and non-active participants. 35% of the respondents claimed to have gained information on proper activity from obstetricians during antenatal counselling while 11% claimed to be unable to identify the reliable sources of information. 7% of women admitted to feel discriminated by social opinion on exercising during a twin pregnancy. Conclusions: The population of women with a twin gestation is not sufficiently physically active and is often discouraged from performing exercises during gestation. Therefore, it is crucial to inform obstetricians to recommend active lifestyle during a twin gestation and to provide reliable information on physical activity to pregnant women. Further research on this topic is necessary in order for obstetric providers to counsel women on appropriate exercise with a twin pregnancy.

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