scholarly journals Family and Developmental History of Female Versus Male Adolescents With ADHD: Disorder-specific Overlap but Few Gender Differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Waltereit ◽  
Jonas Zimmer ◽  
Veit Roessner ◽  
Robert Waltereit
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Pathological Behavior ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Background: Gender differences in the development of children and adolescents are well known in the psychiatric examination including the clinical diagnostic interview technique. Some gender-specific differences in behaviors of patients as assessed in the clinical examination are related to typical development and some are related to disorders. Family and developmental history is an important part of the clinical diagnostic interview. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with disorder-specific markers in family and development history. However, it is unclear to what extent ADHD-specific signs and narratives differ between female and male adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess and to compare the family and developmental history profiles of female versus male adolescents with ADHD.Methods: Data were collected using the clinical diagnostic interview technique from parents of female and male patients diagnosed with ADHD (ICD-10 F90.0, F90.1 and F98.8) between the ages of 12 and 17 years (n = 92). The two groups were matched in pairs for gender, IQ and ICD-10 diagnosis (F90.0, F90.1 and F98.8). The majority of interview data were non-metric and operationalized in three categories: 0 - normal behavior, 1 - minor pathological behavior, 2 - major pathological behavior. The two groups were compared with two-way ANOVA. Results: Female in comparison to male adolescents were reported by the parents with very few differences in items that are typical for ADHD. However, there were a few differences in items in which gender-specific differences are known regardless of ADHD. Conclusions: Our study suggests that ADHD-related items in family and developmental history, as obtained with the clinical diagnostic interview technique, appear in female compared to male adolescents more similar than different.

scholarly journals Family and Developmental History of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Importance of the Clinical Diagnostic Interview for Diagnosis in Adolescents. An Explorative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Waltereit ◽  
Charlotte Czieschnek ◽  
Katja Albertowski ◽  
Veit Roessner ◽  
Robert Waltereit
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
Pathological Behavior ◽  
Patient’S History ◽  
Adolescents With Asd

Background: Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be made early in childhood, but also later in adolescence or adulthood. In the latter cases, concerns about an individual's behavior typically lead to consultation of a mental health professional (MHP). As part of the initial clinical examination by the MHP, a clinical diagnostic interview is performed, in order to obtain the patient's history, and may lead to the hypothesis of ASD. We were here interested to study family and developmental history as key parts of the patient's history. The aim of the study was to investigate empirical differences between adolescents with ASD and adolescent control persons in family and developmental history.Method: Clinical diagnostic interview items addressing family and developmental history were adopted from their regular use at several university hospitals and in leading textbooks. Parents of male adolescents with normal intelligence and an ASD diagnosis (n = 67) and parents of male adolescents without psychiatric diagnosis (n = 51) between the age of 12 and 17 years were investigated. Data were operationalized into three categories: 0 = normal behavior, 1 = minor pathological behavior, and 2 = major pathological behavior. Differences were analyzed by multiple t-test of two-way ANOVA.Results: Adolescents with ASD expressed a profile of items significantly differing from control persons. Comparison of significant items with the empirical ASD literature indicated robust accordance.Conclusions: Our findings support the importance and feasibility of the clinical diagnostic interview of family and developmental history for initiation of the diagnostic process of ASD in adolescents.

scholarly journals Gender and the Sex Hormone Estradiol Affect Multiple Sclerosis Risk Gene Expression in Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected B Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy T. Keane ◽  
Ali Afrasiabi ◽  
Stephen D. Schibeci ◽  
Nicole Fewings ◽  
Grant P. Parnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Risk Gene ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Gender Specific

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system. Treatment is based on immunomodulation, including specifically targeting B cells. B cells are the main host for the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), which has been described as necessary for MS development. Over 200 genetic loci have been identified as increasing susceptibility to MS. Many MS risk genes have altered expression in EBV infected B cells, dependent on the risk genotype, and are themselves regulated by the EBV transcription factor EBNA2. Females are 2-3 times more likely to develop MS than males. We investigated if MS risk loci might mediate the gender imbalance in MS. From a large public dataset, we identified gender-specific associations with EBV traits, and MS risk SNP/gene pairs with gender differences in their associations with gene expression. Some of these genes also showed gender differences in correlation of gene expression level with Estrogen Receptor 2. To test if estrogens may drive these gender specific differences, we cultured EBV infected B cells (lymphoblastoid cell lines, LCLs), in medium depleted of serum to remove the effects of sex hormones as well as the estrogenic effect of phenol red, and then supplemented with estrogen (100 nM estradiol). Estradiol treatment altered MS risk gene expression, LCL proliferation rate, EBV DNA copy number and EBNA2 expression in a sex-dependent manner. Together, these data indicate that there are estrogen-mediated gender-specific differences in MS risk gene expression and EBV functions. This may in turn contribute to gender differences in host response to EBV and to MS susceptibility.

Invited Review: Gender issues related to spaceflight: a NASA perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2374-2383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Harm ◽  
Richard T. Jennings ◽  
Janice V. Meck ◽  
Michael R. Powell ◽  
Lakshmi Putcha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Gender Specific

This minireview provides an overview of known and potential gender differences in physiological responses to spaceflight. The paper covers cardiovascular and exercise physiology, barophysiology and decompression sickness, renal stone risk, immunology, neurovestibular and sensorimotor function, nutrition, pharmacotherapeutics, and reproduction. Potential health and functional impacts associated with the various physiological changes during spaceflight are discussed, and areas needing additional research are highlighted. Historically, studies of physiological responses to microgravity have not been aimed at examining gender-specific differences in the astronaut population. Insufficient data exist in most of the discipline areas at this time to draw valid conclusions about gender-specific differences in astronauts, in part due to the small ratio of women to men. The only astronaut health issue for which a large enough data set exists to allow valid conclusions to be drawn about gender differences is orthostatic intolerance following shuttle missions, in which women have a significantly higher incidence of presyncope during stand tests than do men. The most common observation across disciplines is that individual differences in physiological responses within genders are usually as large as, or larger than, differences between genders. Individual characteristics usually outweigh gender differences per se.

The size of pain referral patterns from a tonic painful mechanical stimulus is increased in women

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-179
Author(s):  
Q.G. Liu ◽  
T.S. Palsson ◽  
L.B. Sørensen ◽  
T. Graven-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Referral Patterns ◽  
Infraspinatus Muscle ◽  
Pressure Pain Thresholds ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Pain Area

Abstract Aims The purpose of this study was to investigate potential gender differences in pain referral patterns induced by a tonic painful mechanical stimulus. Methods Forty-five healthy adults (22 women) participated in this study. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were assessed at the infraspinatus, the brachioradialis and the gastrocnemius muscles on the dominant side, using handheld algometry. Following this, painful pressure at the infraspinatus muscle was induced using the algometer by rapidly increasing the pressure until it reached the level of 7 cm on VAS (PVAS7). This pressure was kept constant for 60s. Upon release, the subject was asked to indicate the area of the pressure-induced pain on a digital body chart. PPT values, PVAS7 and the pain area (number of pixels) were extracted for data analysis. Results No gender differences were found in PPT values (P >0.05). The pressure needed to reach 7 cm on the VAS was significantly lower in the female group (687.4±50.5 kPa) compared with males (971.0 ± 49.6 kPa; unpaired t-test: P < 0.05). The size of the pain area following PVAS7 stimulation for 60 s was significantly larger in the female group (12,578.5 ± 17,280.3 pixels) compared with the male group (6175.0 ± 9518.5 pixels; Mann–Whitney-U; P < 0.05). Conclusions Despite comparable PPT values, women demonstrated larger pain areas compared with men although the standardized painful stimulus which intensity was perceived similarly as 7 cm on the VAS scale in both groups. These findings suggest that there are gender-specific differences in pain distribution and referred pain but it is unclear through which mechanism they are mediated.

Gender-specific differences in the expression of selenoproteins in mammals

2005 ◽  
Vol 113 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Riese ◽  
F Streckfuss ◽  
U Schweizer ◽  
J Köhrle ◽  
L Schomburg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Gender Specific

Gender-specific differences in the pattern of gene expression during post-MI remodeling

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bauer ◽  
G Mitterer ◽  
W Dietl ◽  
K Trescher ◽  
E Wolner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals Bugs That Can Resist Antibiotics but Not Men: Gender-Specific Differences in Notified Infections and Colonisations in Germany, 2010–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Michael Brandl ◽  
Alexandra Hoffmann ◽  
Niklas Willrich ◽  
Annicka Reuss ◽  
Felix Reichert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Federal State ◽  
German Population ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Notification Data ◽  
Gender Specific

Data from surveillance networks show that men have a higher incidence rate of infections with anti-microbial-resistant (AMR) pathogens than women. We systematically analysed data of infections and colonisations with AMR pathogens under mandatory surveillance in Germany to quantify gender-specific differences. We calculated incidence-rates (IR) per 100,000 person–years for invasive infections with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and for infections or colonisations with carbapenem-non-susceptible Acinetobacter spp. (CRA), and Enterobacterales (CRE), using the entire German population as a denominator. We limited the study periods to years with complete notification data (MRSA: 2010–2019, CRA/CRE: 2017–2019). We used Poisson regression to adjust for gender, age group, federal state, and year of notification. In the study periods, IR for all notifications were 4.2 for MRSA, 0.90 for CRA, and 4.8 for CRE per 100,000 person-–years. The adjusted IR ratio for infections of men compared to women was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2–2.3) for MRSA, 2.2 (95%CI: 1.9–2.7) for CRA, and 1.7 (95%CI: 1.6–1.8) for CRE. Men in Germany show about double the risk for infection with AMR pathogens than women. This was also true for colonisations, where data were available. Screening procedures and associated hygiene measures may profit from a gender-stratified approach.

scholarly journals 350. Neurocysticercosis – Gender Differences in Clinical Presentations

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S244-S244
Author(s):  
Bharath Pendyala ◽  
Prasanth Lingamaneni ◽  
Patricia DeMarais ◽  
Lakshmi Warrior ◽  
Gregory Huhn
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Diagnostic Code ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Background Neurocysticercosis is a Neglected Tropical Disease and an important public health issue. Our goal was to collect and analyze data regarding clinically significant gender differences among our Neurocysticercosis patients. Methods A retrospective chart search with ICD 9/ ICD 10 diagnostic code for Neurocysticercosis and neuroimaging suggestive of Neurocysticercosis was performed for clinical encounters in the hospital or affiliated clinics between years 2013–2018. After a careful chart review, patients who were clinically diagnosed with Neurocysticercosis were included in the study. T-test was used to compare means of continuous variables and chi-square test to compare proportions of categorical variables. Results Among 90 total patients included, male (49.4%) and female (50.6%) distribution were nearly identical. The mean age in females was found to be higher than males (52.5 vs 42.0, P &lt; 0.0001). Almost an equal number of males and females presented with either seizures (63.6% vs 57.8%, P= 0.85), headaches (25.0% vs 28.9%, p= 0.85), or other symptoms (11.4% vs 13.3%, p= 0.85). Males had more generalized seizures compared to females (60% vs 38%, P= 0.37), although this result was not statistically significant. Females were more likely to present with &gt; 1 lesion (82.2% vs 56.8%, P= 0.01). Males were more likely to have cystic lesions (64.7% vs 27.9%, P &lt; 0.001) compared to females who had more calcified lesions on presentation (65.1% vs 20.6%, P &lt; 0.001). Male patients were more likely to have contrast enhancement or edema surrounding the lesions (61.4% vs 33.3%, P= 0.01) and were more likely to require treatment with Albendazole/Praziquantel (75.8% vs 31.7%, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion Although previously reported data is limited, there is a suggestion that there are gender differences in host immune response and that inflammation surrounding parenchymal lesions is more intense in females. This study suggests that men either present early in the disease phase or have different immune responses than women and require anti-parasitic therapy more frequently. More research in this aspect is needed. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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