scholarly journals Highly Enhanced Adsorption For The Removal of Hg (II) From Aqueous Solution By Co-Polymerized Al2O3 Nanocomposites Fabricated By Improved Sol-Gel Combustion Route: Synthesis, Adsorption Kinetics & Isotherm Modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham H. El-Feky ◽  
Alaa S. Amin ◽  
Mostafa Y. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Anthranilic Acid ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Adsorption Behaviors ◽  
Gel Combustion ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Enhanced Adsorption

Abstract The synthesis, characterization and capacity studies of co-polymerized Al2O3 nanocomposites capable of adsorbing with Hg(II) ions are reported. Al2O3 nanoparticles was fabricated with combustion synthesis using inexpensive mixed fuels. Nanocomposite of poly (aniline-CO-O-anthranilic acid) (PANAA/ Al2O3) was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of anthranilic acid and aniline co-monomers at equimolar ratios (1:1) with the Al2O3 nanostructure. The product was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The adsorption behaviors of the toxic Hg(II) were studied. The equilibrium isotherm, kinetics parameters and the thermodynamics investigations of the adsorption process were calculated. Thermodynamics investigations also confirmed that the adsorption capacity of Hg(II) on each adsorbent was spontaneous and exothermic.

Structural and Optical Study of Chemically Synthesized Polyaniline

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Shukla ◽  
Susheel Kumar Singh ◽  
Akhilesh Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Optical Study ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Polymerization Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polyaniline (PANI) is synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization method. The, characterization were made using XRD (X-ray diffraction), FT-IR (Fourier transform spectroscopy), UV -vis (ultra-violet visible spectrophotometer) technique which confirms the synthesis of the Polyaniline. The surface morphology of Polyaniline was studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM).

scholarly journals Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Solutions by an Efficient Nanosized NiO Fabricated by a Facile Sol-Gel Autocombustion

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Hesham H. El-Feky ◽  
Reham N. Nassar ◽  
Alaa S. Amin ◽  
Mostafa Y. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Malachite Green ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
Malachite Green Dye ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Gel Combustion ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Gel Combustion Method

Nickel oxide nanostructures were synthesized via a sol-gel combustion method using glucose, glycine and tartaric acid fuels. The effect of the fuel type on the formed nanostructures was studied. The as-prepared products were characterized by means of FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XRD, and FT-IR analyses. The results exhibited that the used fuels gave NiO products with different morphologies, and the glucose fuel produced pure NiO nanoparticles with the smallest crystallite size (ca. 8.2 nm). The adsorption properties of the NiO products for the removal of malachite green dye (MG) was examined. Using a batch method, various parameters affecting the adsorption properties were studied. The results revealed that NiO nanostructure generated from the glucose fuel had the highest adsorption capacity

Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline nanomaterials with different molar ratio of monomer

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka S ◽  
Dhachanamoorth N ◽  
Birundha B
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Ft Ir

Formation of polymer nanomaterials are achieved by the process of polymerization and there was an availability of different methods such as chemical oxidative polymerization,electro chemical polymerization, In-situ oxidative polymerization and emulsion polymerization etc., Many monomers combine to form polymers under certain conditions by chemical reactions between the monomers. The chemical oxidative polymerization was most commonly used method to synthesize PANI and the synthesis process involved various molar ratio of aniline (0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M) in which APS was used as an oxidant with dopant of HCl. This study revealed that the properties changed based on their initial conditions. The prepared aromatic polyaniline was characterized by FT-IR, UV-VIS,Particle size analyzer techniques and anti-bacterial activity of the sample was analyzed.FT-IR spectroscopy gives deep view of many  functional groups that were present in a system by measuring vibrational frequencies of chemical bonds involved. UV-VIS was a good tool to identify, characterize and to study the optical properties of nanomaterials.In particle size analyzer, the size of a particle was measured using the instrument laser diffraction particle size analyzer (SALD-2300). The synthesized polyaniline had the tendency to resist the growth of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. These organic conducting polymers were sometimes called “smart polymers” and have varies application in medical, OLED, solar cell, batteries and sensor etc.,

scholarly journals D.C electrical conductivity of prepared pure and doped polyaniline salt

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (33) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Salma M. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Dc Conductivity ◽  
Rate Process ◽  
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Pure Sample ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Doped Polyaniline

Pure Polyaniline salt, and protonation PANI by H2SO4 were synthesized by electro-chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline with acidity of H2SO4. The solution was prepared in reaction temperature equal 291 K and the acidity of aqueous solution was 1 molarities. The prepared polyaniline was characterized by FT-IR, the result indicate that the intensity is increase with increasing of applied voltage. The dc conductivity has been measured for bulk polyaniline pure and doped in the form of compressed pellet with evaporated Ohmic Al electrodes in temperature range (303-423) K. The Eav energy of the thermal rate process of the electrical conductivity was determined. The results indicate that the dc conductivity of doped samples are two or three orders of magnitude higher by comparison with the pure sample and found that the increasing in conductivity of prepared samples with applied voltage is systematic.

Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity Studies of Calcium Silicate Bioceramics

2012 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lakshmi ◽  
Swamiappan Sasikumar
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Gel Combustion ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Highly Porous

Wollastonite is one of the most widely used bioceramic due to its biocompatibility and bioactivity. Wollastonite (CaSiO3) was synthesized by sol-gel combustion process using citric acid as a fuel/reductant and nitrate as an oxidant. Calcium nitrate was taken as a source of calcium and tetraethyl orthosilicate was taken as the source of silicate. The obtained product was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier - Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy. The XRD pattern shows that the product formed is a pure and single phasic wollastonite. The FT-IR spectra revealed that there is no secondary phase present in the product. The SEM image shows that the product is highly porous. The particle size calculated using Scheerer’s formula shows that the particles are in a nano regime.

Bioframe synthesis of NF–TiO2/straw charcoal composites for enhanced adsorption-visible light photocatalytic degradation of RhB

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (82) ◽  
pp. 66611-66620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Xuejiang Wang ◽  
Jianfu Zhao ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Enhanced Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Visible Light Photocatalytic

N–F codoped TiO2/straw charcoal composites (NF–TiO2/SC) were synthesized using a simple, bioframe-assisted sol–gel method and confirmed by XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, N2 adsorption–desorption, Raman, FT-IR, XPS, and UV-vis DRS measurements.

scholarly journals Φωτοκαταλυτική μετατροπή CO2 σε υδρογονάνθρακες με χρήση τροποποιημένων νανοϋλικών τιτανίας

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Νικόλαος Μουστάκας
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Artificial Photosynthesis ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Solar Fuels ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Gel Combustion ◽  
Ft Ir

Η υπερθέρμανση του πλανήτη και η αυξημένη ζήτηση σε ενέργεια θεωρούνται δύο από τα πιο κρίσιμα προβλήματα που η ανθρωπότητα αντιμετωπίζει τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες. H αυξημένη αυτή ενεργειακή ζήτηση δε μπορεί να καλυφθεί με βιώσιμο τρόπο από τα υπάρχοντα αποθέματα των ορυκτών καυσίμων. Τα αέρια του θερμοκηπίου που παράγονται μέσω δραστηριοτήτων του ανθρώπου (ανθρωπογενείς εκπομπές) και ιδιαίτερα του διοξειδίου του άνθρακα (CO2) είναι κυρίως υπεύθυνα για την παγκόσμια αύξηση της θερμοκρασίας και τη μεταβολή του κλίματος του πλανήτη, προκαλώντας ακραία καιρικά φαινόμενα. Μία εναλλακτική και φιλική προς το περιβάλλον μέθοδος παραγωγής ενέργειας είναι η τεχνητή φωτοσύνθεση (artificial photosynthesis). Όπως η φυσική φωτοσύνθεση χρησιμοποιεί το νερό, το CO2 και το ηλιακό φως για την παραγωγή γλυκόζης στους χλωροπλάστες, η τεχνητή φωτοσύνθεση μετατρέπει το CO2 σε υδρογονάνθρακες που μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν ξανά ως καύσιμα (solar fuels). Έτσι επιτυγχάνεται η ταυτόχρονη μείωση της συγκέντρωσης του CO2 στην ατμόσφιαρα και η κάλυψη μέρους της ενεργειακής ζήτησης. Στην τεχνητή φωτοσύνθεση το ρόλο των χλωροπλαστών παίζουν ημιαγώγιμα νανοδομημένα υλικά που ονομάζονται φωτοκαταλύτες. Οι φωτοκαταλύτες βασισμένοι στο TiO2 είναι καλοί υποψήφιοι για τη φωτοκαταλυτική μετατροπή του CO2 σε υδρογονάνθρακες, καθώς βρίσκονται σε αφθονία στη φύση, μη τοξικοί και περιβαλλοντικά φιλικοί. Το κύριο μειονέκτημα τους είναι η περιορισμένη στο υπεριώδες (UV) ικανότητα απορρόφησης φωτός. Στην παρούσα διατριβή πραγματοποιείται η σύνθεση τροποποιημένων φωτοκαταλυτών TiO2, ενεργών στην ορατή ακτινοβολία, με τη μέθοδο sol-gel combustion χρησιμοποιόντας ουρία ως καύσιμο. Οι φωτοκαταλύτες βελτιστοποιούνται ως προς την ποσότητα της ουρίας και την θερμοκρασία ανόπτησης με το βέλτιστο υλικό (m-TiO2) να εμφανίζει απορρόφηση στην ορατή ακτινοβολία (566nm). Το m-TiO2 χαρακτηρίζεται με ένα πλήθος τεχνικών (UV-Vis, FT-IR, micro-Raman, TEM, SEM, XPS, XRD) και αποδεικνύεται ότι αποτελείται από έναν ανόργανο πυρήνα TiO2 επίκαλυμμένο με ένα οργανικό κέλυφος (inorganic/organic core-shell). Επιπλέον μέθοδοι χαρακτηρισμού (στοιχειακή ανάλυση, ποροσιμετρία αζώτου, μέτρηση γωνίας επαφής, κυκλική βολταμετρία, θερμοκρασιακά προγραμματισμένη εκρόφηση) παρέχουν σημαντικές πληροφορίες για τις ιδιότητες του υλικού. Οι φωτοκαταλυτικές ιδιότητες του υλικού εξετάζονται αρχικά (σε μορφή σκόνης) στην αποικοδόμηση της χρωστικής κυανό του μεθυλενίου (Methylene Blue) υπό διαφορετικού τύπου ακτινοβόληση επιδεικνύοντας υψηλή απόδοση ακόμα και υπό ορατή ακτινοβολία. Στη συνέχεια το υλικό ακινητοποιείται σε κυλινδρικές κεραμικές μεμβράνες γ-αργιλίας για την ανάπτυξη μίας υβριδικής διεργασίας φωτοκατάλυσης/υπερδιήθησης. Οι μεμβράνες αυτές τοποθετούνται σε ειδικά σχεδιασμένο φωτοκαταλυτικό αντιδραστήρα επεξεργασίας υδατικών ρύπων και χρησιμοποιούνται για την αποικοδόμηση των χρωστικών κυανό του μεθυλενίου και πορτοκαλί του μεθυλίου (Methyl Orange) σε μία διεργασία με υψηλή απόδοση υπό UV και ορατή ακτινοβολία με χαμηλή κατανάλωση ενέργειας. Τέλος, το m-TiO2 χρησιμοποιείται για την φωτοαναγωγή του CO2 σε υδρογονάνθρακες. Η πειραματική διαδικασία διεξάγεται σε φωτοκαταλυτικό αντιδραστήρα σε περιβάλλον υψηλής καθαρότητας. Το υλικό παρουσιάζει υψηλή απόδοση και εκλεκτικότητα στην παραγωγή μεθανίου (CH4). Τέλος με βάση τα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα προτείνεται ένας πιθανός μηχανισμός για τη φωτοαναγωγή του CO2 βασίσμένος στην πορεία του καρβενίου.

Synthesis of organic soluble poly(substituted-aniline) from 2-methyl-6-ethylaniline tar

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (16-19) ◽  
pp. 1744091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Shu-Bai Li ◽  
Pei Yao ◽  
Qi-Meng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Solubility Of Polymers ◽  
Soluble Poly

Organic soluble poly(substituted-aniline) was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization from 2-methyl-6-ethylaniline tar. The structural information of samples was characterized using FT-IR and SEM techniques. The influences of acid concentration, mole ratio of oxidants to tar, reaction time and temperature were investigated. The solubility of polymers was also studied. The results indicate that the conductivity of poly(substituted-aniline) could reach 2.51 [Formula: see text] S ⋅ cm[Formula: see text] under the reaction conditions with 1 mol./L hydrochloric acid, mole ratio of oxidants to tar = 1, and at 10[Formula: see text]C for 3 h. The polymers show better solubility than polyaniline in most organic solvents.

Thermal Degradation Behavior of Polyaniline in Polyaniline/Tunsten Carbide Composite

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 719-722
Author(s):  
Hui Huang ◽  
Ren Chun Fu ◽  
Zhong Cheng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Chain Scission ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Degradation Behavior ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Raman

Polyaniline/tungsten carbide (PANI/WC) composite was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using ammonium persulfate as the oxidant and thermal treated in air at 150°C, 250°C, 350°C and 450°C to 2 hours. The changes of structure, crystalline and conductivity were investigated by Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR), Fourier Transformed Raman (FT-Raman), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and four-probe technique. The results showed that PANI/WC composite showed much-improved thermal stability compared to pure PANI. But the conductivity of PANI/WC is reduced to some extent (1.73 S/cm, the conductivity is reduced by about 82%) after thermal treated at 250°C, and dropped by 6 orders of magnitude (3.25×10-6S/cm) at 350°C. This may be explained by that only a fraction of dopant losses during thermal treatment at 250°C, but after thermal treatment at 350°C, along with cross-linking, chain scission and oxygen, resulting in destruction of crystal structure, decrease of the emeraldine sequence.

scholarly journals Polyaniline Supported Ag-Doped ZnO Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization, and Kinetics Study for Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fikradis Habtamu ◽  
Sintayehu Berhanu ◽  
Teshome Mender
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Bandgap Energy ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
Ft Ir

Ag-ZnO/PANI nanocomposite was prepared via the sol-gel technique following in situ oxidative polymerization of polyaniline (PANI). XRD, UV-Vis, and FT-IR spectroscopy were employed to study the crystal size, bandgap energy, and bond structure of as-synthesized nanocomposites. The mean crystallite size of the nanocomposite determined from XRD was 35.68 nm. Photocatalytic degradation of malachite green (MG) dye using as-synthesized photocatalysts was studied under visible light irradiation. The highest degradation efficiency was recorded for Ag-ZnO/PANI nanocomposites (98.58%) than Ag-ZnO nanoparticles (88.23%) in 120 min. The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of MG follows pseudo-first-order reaction with rate order of 1.16 10−2 min−1. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of Ag-ZnO/PANI nanocomposites was evaluated and compared with Ce-Cd oxide, electrospun P(3HB)-TiO2, and with other catalysts in the literature. The optimal conditions for photocatalytic degradation are as follows: the concentration of malachite green (0.2 g/l), pH (8), and the concentration of catalyst load (0.2 g/l) under visible light with an irradiation time of 120 min.

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