scholarly journals Percutaneous Toxicity and Decontamination of Soman, Vx, and Paraoxon in Rats Using Detergents

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Misík ◽  
Růžena Pavliková ◽  
Kamil Kuča
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Highly toxic organophosphorus compounds (OPs) were originally developed for warfare or as agricultural pesticides. Today, OPs represent a serious threat to military personnel and civilians. This study investigates the in vivo decontamination of male Wistar rats percutaneously exposed to paraoxon and two potent nerve agents - soman (GD) and VX. Four commercial detergents were tested as decontaminants - NeodekontTM, ArgosTM, DermogelTM, and FloraFreeTM. Decontamination performed 2 min after exposure resulted in a higher survival rate in comparison with non-decontaminated controls. The decontamination effectiveness was expressed as protective ratio (PR, median lethal dose of agent in decontaminated animals divided by the median lethal dose of agent in untreated animals). The highest decontamination effectiveness was consistently achieved with ArgosTM (PR=2.3 to 64.8), followed by DermogelTM (PR=2.4 to 46.1). NeodekontTM and FloraFreeTM provided the lowest decontamination effectiveness, equivalent to distilled water (PR=1.0 to 43.2).

Terbufos sulfone aggravates kidney damage in STZ-induced diabetic rats

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Nurulain ◽  
Shreesh Ojha ◽  
Mohamed Shafiullah ◽  
Javed Yasin ◽  
Tayyaba Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe consequences of chronic exposure of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) on diabetic subjects have been seldom reported. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of non-lethal dose of terbufos sulfone (TS), an organophosphate, on the kidney of non-diabetic and streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetic rats. The diabetogenic effect of TS was also examined. Male Wistar rats were treated for two weeks with 130 µg/kg body weight/day of TS. This dose was 1/20 of LD

scholarly journals Effects of systemic glycine on accumbal glycine and dopamine levels and ethanol intake in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Olsson ◽  
Helga Höifödt Lidö ◽  
Klara Danielsson ◽  
Mia Ericson ◽  
Bo Söderpalm
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
In Vivo Microdialysis ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Glycine Transporter 1 ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Treatment Principle ◽  
Reward Pathway

AbstractApproved medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD) display modest effect sizes. Pharmacotherapy aimed at the mechanism(s) by which ethanol activates the dopamine reward pathway may offer improved outcomes. Basal and ethanol-induced accumbal dopamine release in the rat involve glycine receptors (GlyR) in the nucleus accumbens (nAc). Glycine transporter 1 (GlyT-1) inhibitors, which raise extracellular glycine levels, have repeatedly been shown to decrease ethanol intake in the rat. To further explore the rational for elevating glycine levels in the treatment of AUD, this study examined accumbal extracellular glycine and dopamine levels and voluntary ethanol intake and preference in the rat, after systemic treatment with glycine. The effects of three different doses of glycine i.p. on accumbal glycine and dopamine levels were examined using in vivo microdialysis in Wistar rats. In addition, the effects of the intermediate dose of glycine on voluntary ethanol intake and preference were examined in a limited access two-bottle ethanol/water model in the rat. Systemic glycine treatment increased accumbal glycine levels in a dose-related manner, whereas accumbal dopamine levels were elevated in a subpopulation of animals, defined as dopamine responders. Ethanol intake and preference decreased after systemic glycine treatment. These results give further support to the concept of elevating central glycine levels to reduce ethanol intake and indicate that targeting the glycinergic system may represent a pharmacologic treatment principle for AUD.

Anti-diabetogenic and in vivo antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Dryopteris dilatata in alloxan-induced male Wistar rats

Biomarkers ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Akpotu E. Ajirioghene ◽  
Samuel I. Ghasi ◽  
Lawrence O. Ewhre ◽  
Olusegun G. Adebayo ◽  
Jerome N. Asiwe
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals RADIOLOGICAL STUDY OF MEGACOLON IN TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI INFECTED RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Edmundo Rodrigues FONTES ◽  
Ana Paula de ABREU ◽  
Aretuza Zaupa GASPARIM
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
Group B ◽  
Digital Caliper

ABSTRACT Background: Researches on Chagas disease still use several animals and rats, due to size and susceptibility were preferred by many authors. Aim: To develop an experimental model of megacolon in rats inoculated with the strain Y of Trypanosoma cruzi. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were distributed in three groups inoculated with different inoculants: Group A: 600000, Group B: 1000000 and Group C: 1500000 blood trypomastigotes of T. cruzi. Animals were sedated intramuscularly at zero inoculation time (T0) and 60 days after inoculation (T60), to perform the barium enema in order to evaluate the dilatation of the different segments of colon in a comparative study of the measurements obtained, using a digital caliper. Evidence of infection was performed by blood smear collected from the animal’s tail 18 days after inoculation with observation of blood forms. Results: Comparing the intestinal diameter of the inoculated animals with 60,0000 trypomastigotes in the T0 of infection with T60 days after the inoculation, significant dilatation was observed between the proximal, medial and distal segments (p<0.01), indicating the establishment of the megacolon model. In addition, comparing intestinal diameter between the different segments, with in the T0 of infection and the T60 after inoculation, significant alterations were observed (p<0.05). Conclusion: The proposed model was possible for in vivo studies of alterations due to infection by T. cruzi and functional alterations of the colon. In addition, the changes manifested in the colon are not directly proportional to the size of the inoculum, but to the time of infection that the animals were submitted, since the animals inoculated with 60,0000 blood forms were the ones which presented the most significant alterations.

scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAGING LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe Vera) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN ULSERASI MUKOSA MULUT PADA MALE WISTAR RATS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Laila Fitrotuz Zahroh ◽  
Rahmawati Sri Praptiningsih ◽  
Moh. Baehaqi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Oral mucosa ulceration which often occurs usually in the form of white-yellowish spot with concave surface, reddish edge and pain. Based on previous research, Aloe vera process anti-inflammation substance that could help quickening ulceration healing process. This research aims to know the effect of Aloe vera flesh extract on Male wistar rats oral mucosa ulceration in-vivo. Method: this research was quasi experimental research with the post-test only control group design using Male wistar rats as the testing animal. In the research, there were three treatment groups: The first groups which was given aquadest treatment, second groups with Aloe vera flesh extract, and third groups which was given chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% treatment. The data collecting was based on histopathology observation concerning the increase of fibroblast quantity. Result: The research result based on comparison test among the three groups with One Way Anova showed that on Day 3th, the average quantity of fibroblast didn't have significant difference between the treatment group and control group positive that was p>0,05, meanwhile on Day 7th every group showed significant difference p<0,05. Conclusion: It concluded that Aloe vera flesh extract has influence on the healing of Male wistar rats oral mucosa ulceration as shown by fibroblast increasing quantity.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Vitamin C and Vitamin E Antioxidant Combination on Caspase-3 Expression in Wistar White Rat Pulmonum Contusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Bermansyah ◽  
Gama Satria ◽  
Ahmad Umar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pulmonary Contusion ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Introduction.Pulmonary contusions can cause a progressive inflammatory response. Activation of TNF-α cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause pulmonary cell death. Antioxidants can have the potential to neutralize ROS. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of antioxidant administration in maintaining pulmonary cell function in wistar rats that have been induced to experience pulmonary contusions through caspase-3 levels. Methods.This study was an in vivo experimental study conducted on thirty male wistar rats and divided into five groups (n = 6): control, pulmonary contusion + asthaxanthine 5 mg/kgBW, pulmonary contusion + vitamin C and E 50 mg/kgBW, pulmonary contusion + vitamin C and E 100 mg/kgBW, pulmonary contusion + vitamin C and E 200 mg/kgBW. The value of Caspase-3 is evaluated by the IHC. All data analyzes used SPSS 18. Results. Low doses of antioxidants have the potential to reduce pulmonary cell death in wistar rats induced by pulmonary contusions.Conclussion. Vitamin C and E effective to reduce polmonary cell death in pulmonary contusion.Keywords: antioxidants, vitamin C, vitamin E, pulmonary contusions animal model, apoptosis, caspase-3

scholarly journals Sensitivity of The Stripe-Faced Dunnart, Sminthopsis Macroura (Gould 1845), To The Phenyl Pyrazole Insecticide, Fipronil, Toxicological Signs And Implications For Pesticide Risk Assessments In Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Story ◽  
Lyn A Hinds ◽  
Steve Henry ◽  
Andrew C. Warden ◽  
Greg Dojchinov
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Eutherian Mammal ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Sminthopsis Macroura ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Female Responses

Abstract A lack of toxicity data quantifying responses of Australian native mammals to agricultural pesticides prompted an investigation into the sensitivity of the stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura (Gould 1845) to the insecticide, fipronil (5-amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinyl pyrazole, CAS No. 120068-37-3). Using the Up-And-Down method for determining acute oral toxicity in mammals, derived by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), median lethal dose estimates of 990 mg kg− 1 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 580.7–4770.0 mg kg− 1) and 270.4 mg kg− 1 (95% CI = 0.0 - >20000.0 mg kg− 1) were resolved for male and female S. macroura respectively. The difference between median lethal dose estimates for males and females may have been influenced by the increased age of two female dunnarts. Further modelling of female responses to fipronil doses used the following assumptions: (a) death at 2000 mg kg− 1, (b) survival at 500 mg kg− 1 and (c) a differential response (both survival and death) at 990 mg kg− 1. This modelling revealed median lethal dose estimates for female S. macroura of 669.1 mg kg− 1 (95% CI = 550–990 mg kg− 1; assuming death at 990 mg kg− 1) and 990 mg kg− 1 (95% CI = 544.7–1470 mg kg− 1; assuming survival at 990 mg kg− 1). These median lethal dose estimates are 3–10-fold higher than the only available LD50 value for a similarly sized eutherian mammal, Mus musculus (L. 1758; 94 mg kg− 1) and that available for Rattus norvegicus (Birkenhout 1769; 97 mg kg− 1). Implications for pesticide risk assessments in Australia are discussed.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Peptides Epinecidin-1 and Beta-Defesin-3 Are Effective against a Broad Spectrum of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Isolates and Increase Survival Rate in Experimental Sepsis

Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Albert Bolatchiev
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Experimental Sepsis ◽  
Epinephelus Coioides ◽  
Sterile Saline

The antimicrobial peptides human Beta-defensin-3 (hBD-3) and Epinecidin-1 (Epi-1; by Epinephelus coioides) could be a promising tool to develop novel antibacterials to combat antibiotic resistance. The antibacterial activity of Epi-1 + vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (22 isolates) and Epi-1 + hBD-3 against carbapenem-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 23), Klebsiella aerogenes (n = 17), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 9), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 13) was studied in vitro. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of hBD-3 and Epi-1, ICR (CD-1) mice were injected intraperitoneally with a lethal dose of K. pneumoniae or P. aeruginosa. The animals received a single injection of either sterile saline, hBD-3 monotherapy, meropenem monotherapy, hBD-3 + meropenem, or hBD-3 + Epi-1. Studied peptides showed antibacterial activity in vitro against all studied clinical isolates in a concentration of 2 to 32 mg/L. In both experimental models of murine sepsis, an increase in survival rate was seen with hBD-3 monotherapy, hBD-3 + meropenem, and hBD-3 + Epi-1. For K. pneumoniae-sepsis, hBD-3 was shown to be a promising option in overcoming the resistance of Klebsiella spp. to carbapenems, though more research is needed. In the P. aeruginosa-sepsis model, the addition of Epi-1 to hBD-3 was found to have a slightly reduced mortality rate compared to hBD-3 monotherapy.

scholarly journals Delving into the Antiurolithiatic Potential of Tribulus terrestris Extract Through –In Vivo Efficacy and Preclinical Safety Investigations in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Kaushik ◽  
Simran Tandon ◽  
Rishi Bhardwaj ◽  
Tanzeer Kaur ◽  
Surinder Kumar Singla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Preclinical Safety

Abstract Modern treatment interventions for kidney stones are wrought with side-effects, hence the need for alternative therapies such as plant-based medicines. We have previously documented through in vitro studies that statistically optimized aqueous extract of Tribulus terrestris (Zygophyllaceae family) possesses antiurolithic and antioxidant potential. This provides strong scientific foundation to conduct in vivo efficacy and preclinical safety studies to corroborate and lend further proof to its ability to prevent and cure kidney stones. The preventive and curative urolithiatic efficacy in experimentally induced nephrolithiatic Wistar rats, along with preclinical toxicity was evaluated following oral administration of statistically optimized aqueous extract of T. terrestris. Treatment showed augmented renal function, restoration of normal renal architecture and increase in body weight. Microscopic analysis of urine revealed excretion of small sized urinary crystals, demonstrating that treatment potentially modulated the morphology of renal stones. Tissue enzymatic estimation affirmed the antioxidant efficacy of treatment with reduced free radical generation. Significant upregulation of p38MAPK at both the gene and protein level was noted in hyperoxaluric group and interestingly treatment reversed it. Acute oral toxicity study established the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) to be greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) by repeated oral toxicity for 28 days at 750 mg/kg b.wt. was noted. This study lends scientific evidence to the safe, preventive and curative potential of statistically optimized aqueous extract of T. terrestris at a dose of 750 mg/kg b.wt. and suggests that the extract shows promise as a therapeutic antiurolithic agent.

Concomitant release of sialic acids and calcium by neuraminidase from rat aorta in situ

1988 ◽  
Vol 235 (1279) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Male Wistar rats were heparinized and killed with pentobarbital. The upper and lower ends of the aortae were cannulated and the blood was washed out with saline until the washings contained calcium and sialic-acid-reacting material at minimal concentrations. The aortae were perfused with neuraminidase for 15 min. This caused the appearance of calcium as well as of sialic acids in the perfusate in total amounts of about 5.3 nmol and about 3.6 nmol per aorta respectively. The molar ratio of about 1.5 is sufficiently close to that determined for the association of calcium with sialic acids in vitro to suggest that their association is similar in vivo .

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