scholarly journals Cross-cultural Validation of Stool Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Methods in the North West of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Dolatkhah ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Somi ◽  
Saeed Dastgiri ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ◽  
Hossein Mashhadi Abdolahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract PurposeGlobally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of death from cancer. Incidence and mortality from CRC both can be reduced and prevented using screening and early detection programs. The current study aimed to assess the feasibility of the colorectal cancer screening program in Northwest of Iran.MethodsThe study designed as a cross-cultural analytic study, to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of stool-based tests compared with colonoscopy, during 2016-2020. All individuals first were assessed with our CRC risk assessment tool, then eligible volunteers entered the study. Colonoscopy was performed on all participants, also stool- based tests including traditional guaiac, high-sensitivity guaiac-based, fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and multitarget stool DNA (Mt-sDNA) panel tests were performed. ResultsMt-sDNA test panel had a sensitivity of 77.8% (95% CI: 40-97.2) for detecting colorectal cancer with a specificity of 91.2% (95% CI: 85.4-95.2). The FIT test alone had a lower sensitivity (66.7%; 95% CI: 29.9-92.5) and almost the same specificity of 93.9% (95% CI: 88.7-97.2) for cancer detection. Mt-sDNA test had better diagnostic accuracy than the FIT (AUC=0.85 vs 0.80), and is a more useful screening test. Positive and negative predictive values for cancer detection for both Mt-sDNA and FIT tests were almost the same results, however Mt-sDNA test had better NPV results than the FIT test alone.ConclusionOur results showed that both Mt-sDNA panel and the FIT test had acceptable cut-off points for cancer detection, however, Mt-sDNA test had better diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals Registered Nurse-Performed Flexible Sigmoidoscopy in Ontario: Development and Implementation of the Curriculum and Program

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Cooper ◽  
Jill Margaret Tinmouth ◽  
Linda Rabeneck
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Simulation Training ◽  
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Proper Training

Although colorectal cancer is a leading cause of death in Canada, it is curable if detected in the early stages. Flexible sigmoidoscopy has been shown to reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in patients who are at average risk for this disease and, therefore, is an appropriate screening intervention. Moreover, it may be performed by nonphysicians. A program to enable registered nurses to perform flexible sigmoidoscopy to increase colorectal cancer screening capacity in Ontario was developed. This program incorporated practical elements learned from other jurisdictions as well as specific regional considerations to fit within the health care system of Ontario. The nurses received structured didactic and simulation training before performing sigmoidoscopies on patients under physician supervision. After training, nurses were evaluated by two assessors for their ability to perform complete sigmoidoscopies safely and independently. To date, 17 nurses have achieved independence in performing flexible sigmoidoscopy at 14 sites. In total, nurses have screened >7000 Ontarians, with a cancer detection rate of 5.1 per 1000 screened, which is comparable with rates in other jurisdictions and with sigmoidoscopy performed by gastroenterologists, surgeons and other trained nonphysicians. We have shown, therefore, that with proper training and program structure, registered nurses are able to perform flexible sigmoidoscopy in a safe and thorough manner resulting in a significant increase in access to colorectal cancer screening.

scholarly journals Effects of cancer screening restart strategies after COVID-19 disruption

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 (9) ◽  
pp. 1516-1523
Author(s):  
Lindy M. Kregting ◽  
Sylvia Kaljouw ◽  
Lucie de Jonge ◽  
Erik E. L. Jansen ◽  
Elleke F. P. Peterse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Microsimulation Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Many breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening programmes were disrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to estimate the effects of five restart strategies after the disruption on required screening capacity and cancer burden. Methods Microsimulation models simulated five restart strategies for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. The models estimated required screening capacity, cancer incidence, and cancer-specific mortality after a disruption of 6 months. The restart strategies varied in whether screens were caught up or not and, if so, immediately or delayed, and whether the upper age limit was increased. Results The disruption in screening programmes without catch-up of missed screens led to an increase of 2.0, 0.3, and 2.5 cancer deaths per 100 000 individuals in 10 years in breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, respectively. Immediately catching-up missed screens minimised the impact of the disruption but required a surge in screening capacity. Delaying screening, but still offering all screening rounds gave the best balance between required capacity, incidence, and mortality. Conclusions Strategies with the smallest loss in health effects were also the most burdensome for the screening organisations. Which strategy is preferred depends on the organisation and available capacity in a country.

scholarly journals Scope of Artificial Intelligence in Screening and Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant Goyal ◽  
Rupinder Mann ◽  
Zainab Gandhi ◽  
Abhilash Perisetti ◽  
Aman Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Narrow Band Imaging ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Polyp Detection ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Magnifying Chromoendoscopy

Globally, colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed malignancy. It causes significant mortality and morbidity, which can be reduced by early diagnosis with an effective screening test. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and computer-aided detection (CAD) with screening methods has shown promising colorectal cancer screening results. AI could provide a “second look” for endoscopists to decrease the rate of missed polyps during a colonoscopy. It can also improve detection and characterization of polyps by integration with colonoscopy and various advanced endoscopic modalities such as magnifying narrow-band imaging, endocytoscopy, confocal endomicroscopy, laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, and magnifying chromoendoscopy. This descriptive review discusses various AI and CAD applications in colorectal cancer screening, polyp detection, and characterization.

scholarly journals The CRCbiome study: a large prospective cohort study examining the role of lifestyle and the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer screening participants

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Sørlie Kværner ◽  
Einar Birkeland ◽  
Cecilie Bucher-Johannessen ◽  
Elina Vinberg ◽  
Jan Inge Nordby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening reduces CRC incidence and mortality. However, current screening methods are either hampered by invasiveness or suboptimal performance, limiting their effectiveness as primary screening methods. To aid in the development of a non-invasive screening test with improved sensitivity and specificity, we have initiated a prospective biomarker study (CRCbiome), nested within a large randomized CRC screening trial in Norway. We aim to develop a microbiome-based classification algorithm to identify advanced colorectal lesions in screening participants testing positive for an immunochemical fecal occult blood test (FIT). We will also examine interactions with host factors, diet, lifestyle and prescription drugs. The prospective nature of the study also enables the analysis of changes in the gut microbiome following the removal of precancerous lesions. Methods The CRCbiome study recruits participants enrolled in the Bowel Cancer Screening in Norway (BCSN) study, a randomized trial initiated in 2012 comparing once-only sigmoidoscopy to repeated biennial FIT, where women and men aged 50–74 years at study entry are invited to participate. Since 2017, participants randomized to FIT screening with a positive test result have been invited to join the CRCbiome study. Self-reported diet, lifestyle and demographic data are collected prior to colonoscopy after the positive FIT-test (baseline). Screening data, including colonoscopy findings are obtained from the BCSN database. Fecal samples for gut microbiome analyses are collected both before and 2 and 12 months after colonoscopy. Samples are analyzed using metagenome sequencing, with taxonomy profiles, and gene and pathway content as primary measures. CRCbiome data will also be linked to national registries to obtain information on prescription histories and cancer relevant outcomes occurring during the 10 year follow-up period. Discussion The CRCbiome study will increase our understanding of how the gut microbiome, in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors, influences the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. This knowledge will be crucial to develop microbiome-based screening tools for CRC. By evaluating biomarker performance in a screening setting, using samples from the target population, the generalizability of the findings to future screening cohorts is likely to be high. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01538550.

574 RECENT TRENDS IN COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING METHODS BASED ON MEDICARE CLAIMS DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-121
Author(s):  
Ahmet B. Ozbay ◽  
Lila J. Finney Rutten ◽  
John B. Kisiel ◽  
Paul Limburg ◽  
Marcus Parton
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Medicare Claims ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Medicare Claims Data

scholarly journals Effects of Organized Colorectal Cancer Screening on Cancer Incidence and Mortality in a Large Community-Based Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 1383-1391.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore R. Levin ◽  
Douglas A. Corley ◽  
Christopher D. Jensen ◽  
Joanne E. Schottinger ◽  
Virginia P. Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Large Community ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme: Algarve Preliminary data

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Correia ◽  
M Cancela ◽  
P Caldeira ◽  
J Morera ◽  
C Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Target Population ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Invasive Treatment

Abstract Problem The burden of disease for oncological problems is significant in Portugal. Population-based screenings, such as colorectal cancer screening (CCS) with faecal occult blood tests (FIT) is a priority program to reduce the burden of disease and a cost-effectiveness measure. Description problem Algarve CCS started in 2017,to early detect colorectal cancer reducing morbidity and mortality. Screening strategy to detect and remove cancer precursors (adenomas) and early cancer detection with less invasive treatment using a non-invasive stool test was selected. A quantitative faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin (FIT) with higher sensitivity for adenoma and cancer, specific for human globin with no dietary restriction, with a single sample screening is considered a test with higher participation. Target population all gender from 50 to 75 are invited to participate in the CCS by letter. Screening interval is 2 years and FIT cut-off- 117 (ng Hb/mL). Software was used to manage all CCS. Health units distribute the test and a flyer. All FIT-positive were invited to do a full colonoscopy at University Hospital. Results A preliminary descriptive analysis (2017/2019) was made. After exclusions 25017 of target population participate 34,4%(n = 8594),27.5%(n = 6883) submitted it for analysis, 3.9% (n = 266) had positive FIT and were invited for a full colonoscopy with 57.5% (n = 153)participation rate. Cancer detection was 0.9‰ and adenomas detection rate was 9.9%. FIT positive with colonoscopy 3.9% (n = 6) had carcinoma and 44.4% (n = 68) had adenoma. Lessons Some operational changes were made to improve participants and professionals adherence to CCS. Pathology observed in the positive cases, reinforce the need to implement strategies to increase literacy, raise public awareness, keep the screening test and improve accessibility of health facilities. Key messages The importance of a colorectal cancer early diagnosis prevent aggressive interventions in a precancerous phase. The importance of a colorectal cancer early diagnosis improves survival and population quality of life.

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