scholarly journals Mapping of the CaPP2C35 Gene Involved in the Formation of Light-Green Immature Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Fruits via GWAS and BSA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lang Wu ◽  
Haoran Wang ◽  
Sujun Liu ◽  
Mengmeng Liu ◽  
Jinkui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Light Green

Abstract In pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), the common colors of immature fruits are yellowish white, milky yellow, green, purple, and purplish black. Some genes related to these colors have been cloned, but only those related to dark green, white, and purple immature fruits; few studies have investigated light-green immature fruits. Here, we performed a genetic study using light-green (17C827) and green (17C658) immature fruits. We found that the light-green color of immature fruits were controlled by a single locus-dominant genetic trait compared with the green color of immature fruits. We also performed a genome-wide association study and bulked segregant analysis of immature-fruit color and mapped the LG locus to a 35.07 kbp region on chromosome 10. Only one gene, Capana10g001710, was found in this region. A G-A substitution occurred at the 313th base of the Capana10g001710 coding sequence in 17C827, resulting in the α-helix of its encoded PP2C35 protein to turn into a β-fold. The expression of Capana10g001710 (termed CaPP2C35) in 17C827 was significantly higher than in 17C658. Silencing of CaPP2C35 in 17C827 resulted in an increase in chlorophyll content in the exocarp and the appearance of green stripes on the surface of the fruit. These results indicate that CaPP2C35 may be involved in the formation of light-green immature fruits by regulating the accumulation of chlorophyll content in the exocarp. Thus, this research lays the foundation for further studies and genetic improvement of immature-fruit color in pepper.

scholarly journals 153 GENES FOR INTENSE COLORATION OF ACORN SQUASH

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 450f-450
Author(s):  
Harry S. Paris
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green

The fruits of Cucurbita pepo cv. Table Queen are light green when young, turn dark green by intermediate age (15-18 days past anthesis) and remain dark green through maturity. Three major genes are known to affect developmental fruit color intensity in C. pepo: D, 1-1, and 1-2. Table Queen was crossed with cv. Vegetable Spaghetti and with tester stocks of known genotype in order to determine the genetic basis of its developmental fruit coloration. The results from filial, backcross. and testcross generations suggest that Table Queen carries gene D, which confers dark stem and fruit color from intermediate fruit age through maturity. Table Queen also carries L-2. which confers Light Type 2 (a pattern of grayish green hue) fruit color from intermediate age, but D is epistatic to L-2. The genotype of Table Queen is D/D 1-1/1-1 L-2/L-2. Clear-cut results were not obtained -- regarding the genetic basis of the retention of green color through maturity of Table Queen fruits.

scholarly journals Effects of Anthocyanin and Carotenoid Combinations on Foliage and Immature Fruit Color of Capsicum annuum L.

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon J. Lightbourn ◽  
Robert J. Griesbach ◽  
Janet A. Novotny ◽  
Beverly A. Clevidence ◽  
David D. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L

scholarly journals Genes for Retention of Green Fruit Color through Maturity of Acorn Squash

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 602c-602
Author(s):  
Harry S. Paris
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Color Retention ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green

Most cultivars of acorn squash (Cucurbita pepo), such as `Table Queen', have fruit that are light green when young, become dark green by intermediate age, and remain dark green through maturity, carrying genotype D/D l-l/l-1 L-2/L-2. Many other forms of C. pepo that carry this genotype, the most familiar being the Halloween and pie pumpkins, turn orange at maturity. The genetic basis for green color retention of acorn squash was investigated by crossing `Table Queen' with `Vegetable Spaghetti', `Fordhook Zucchini', and accession 85k-9-107-2 (the parental, filial, backcross, and testcross generation progenies being grown out in the field and observed and scored for fruit color at maturity, between 40 and 44 days past anthesis). The results indicated that the three stocks crossed with `Table Queen' carry two recessive genes, designated mature orange-1 (mo-1) and mature orange-2 (mo-2), which act in concert to result in complete loss of green color before maturity in 1-1/1-1 plants. `Table Queen' is Mo-l/Mo-1 Mo-2∼o-2. Genes D and mo-2 are linked, ≈15 map units apart.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Study of Leaf Chlorophyll Content Using High-Density SNP Array in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Kunyan Zou ◽  
Ki-Seung Kim ◽  
Dongwoo Kang ◽  
Min-Cheol Kim ◽  
Jungmin Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

The content of chlorophyll, a fundamental component required for photosynthesis in plants, has been widely studied across crop species. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of 453 peanut accessions. We evaluated the evolutionary relationships using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of leaf color data based on chlorophyll content analysis using the Axiom_Arachis array containing 58K single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We identified seven SNPs as being significantly associated with leaf chlorophyll content on the chromosomes Aradu.A02, Aradu.A08, Araip.B02, Araip.B05, Araip.B06, and Araip.B08 in a GAPIT analysis. The SNP AX-176820297 on Araip.B05 was significantly linked with leaf chlorophyll content across the seasons. The Arahy.SDG4EV gene was detected to be in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the significant SNPs, and its expression was significantly correlated with leaf chlorophyll content. The results of the current study provide useful and fundamental information with which to assess genetic variations in chlorophyll content and can be utilized for further genetic and genomic studies and breeding programs in peanuts.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Study of Local Thai Indica Rice Seedlings Exposed to Excessive Iron

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Reunreudee Kaewcheenchai ◽  
Phanchita Vejchasarn ◽  
Kousuke Hanada ◽  
Kazumasa Shirai ◽  
Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Excess soluble iron in acidic soil is an unfavorable environment that can reduce rice production. To better understand the tolerance mechanism and identify genetic loci associated with iron toxicity (FT) tolerance in a highly diverse indica Thai rice population, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using genotyping by sequencing and six phenotypic data (leaf bronzing score (LBS), chlorophyll content, shoot height, root length, shoot biomass, and root dry weight) under both normal and FT conditions. LBS showed a high negative correlation with the ratio of chlorophyll content and shoot biomass, indicating the FT-tolerant accessions can regulate cellular homeostasis when encountering stress. Sixteen significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified by association mapping. Validation of candidate SNP using other FT-tolerant accessions revealed that SNP:2_21262165 might be associated with tolerance to FT; therefore, it could be used for SNP marker development. Among the candidate genes controlling FT tolerance, RAR1 encodes an innate immune responsive protein that links to cellular redox homeostasis via interacting with abiotic stress-responsive Hsp90. Future research may apply the knowledge obtained from this study in the molecular breeding program to develop FT-tolerant rice varieties.

scholarly journals Regulation of pepper fruit color, chloroplasts development and their importance in fruit quality

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Paran ◽  
Allen Van Deynze
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Bulked Dna ◽  
Pepper Fruit

Pepper exhibits large natural variation in chlorophyll content in the immature fruit. To dissect the genetic and molecular basis of this variation, we conducted QTL mapping for chlorophyll content in a cross between light and dark green-fruited parents, PI 152225 and 1154. Two major QTLs, pc1 and pc10, that control chlorophyll content by modulation of chloroplast compartment size in a fruit-specific manner were detected in chromosomes 1 and 10, respectively. The pepper homolog of GOLDEN2- LIKE transcription factor (CaGLK2) was found as underlying pc10, similar to its effect on tomato fruit chloroplast development. A candidate gene for pc1was found as controlling chlorophyll content in pepper by the modulation of chloroplast size and number. Fine mapping of pc1 aided by bulked DNA and RNA-seq analyses enabled the identification of a zinc finger transcription factor LOL1 (LSD-One-Like 1) as a candidate gene underlying pc1. LOL1 is a positive regulator of oxidative stress- induced cell death in Arabidopsis. However, over expression of the rice ortholog resulted in an increase of chlorophyll content. Interestingly, CaAPRR2 that is linked to the QTL and was found to affect immature pepper fruit color in a previous study, did not have a significant effect on chlorophyll content in the present study. Verification of the candidate's function was done by generating CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutants of the orthologues tomato gene, while its knockout experiment in pepper by genome editing is under progress. Phenotypic similarity as a consequence of disrupting the transcription factor in both pepper and tomato indicated its functional conservation in controlling chlorophyll content in the Solanaceae. A limited sequence diversity study indicated that null mutations in CaLOL1 and its putative interactorCaMIP1 are present in C. chinensebut not in C. annuum. Combinations of mutations in CaLOL1, CaMIP1, CaGLK2 and CaAPRR2 are required for the creation of the extreme variation in chlorophyll content in Capsicum. 

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