scholarly journals Genes for Retention of Green Fruit Color through Maturity of Acorn Squash

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 602c-602
Author(s):  
Harry S. Paris
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Color Retention ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green

Most cultivars of acorn squash (Cucurbita pepo), such as `Table Queen', have fruit that are light green when young, become dark green by intermediate age, and remain dark green through maturity, carrying genotype D/D l-l/l-1 L-2/L-2. Many other forms of C. pepo that carry this genotype, the most familiar being the Halloween and pie pumpkins, turn orange at maturity. The genetic basis for green color retention of acorn squash was investigated by crossing `Table Queen' with `Vegetable Spaghetti', `Fordhook Zucchini', and accession 85k-9-107-2 (the parental, filial, backcross, and testcross generation progenies being grown out in the field and observed and scored for fruit color at maturity, between 40 and 44 days past anthesis). The results indicated that the three stocks crossed with `Table Queen' carry two recessive genes, designated mature orange-1 (mo-1) and mature orange-2 (mo-2), which act in concert to result in complete loss of green color before maturity in 1-1/1-1 plants. `Table Queen' is Mo-l/Mo-1 Mo-2∼o-2. Genes D and mo-2 are linked, ≈15 map units apart.

scholarly journals 153 GENES FOR INTENSE COLORATION OF ACORN SQUASH

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 450f-450
Author(s):  
Harry S. Paris
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green

The fruits of Cucurbita pepo cv. Table Queen are light green when young, turn dark green by intermediate age (15-18 days past anthesis) and remain dark green through maturity. Three major genes are known to affect developmental fruit color intensity in C. pepo: D, 1-1, and 1-2. Table Queen was crossed with cv. Vegetable Spaghetti and with tester stocks of known genotype in order to determine the genetic basis of its developmental fruit coloration. The results from filial, backcross. and testcross generations suggest that Table Queen carries gene D, which confers dark stem and fruit color from intermediate fruit age through maturity. Table Queen also carries L-2. which confers Light Type 2 (a pattern of grayish green hue) fruit color from intermediate age, but D is epistatic to L-2. The genotype of Table Queen is D/D 1-1/1-1 L-2/L-2. Clear-cut results were not obtained -- regarding the genetic basis of the retention of green color through maturity of Table Queen fruits.

EFFECT OF FRUIT COLOR ON HARVEST SPEED OF ZUCCHINI

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARRY S. PARIS ◽  
HAIM NERSON ◽  
ZVI KARCHI
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Open Growth

Two zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) cultivars having dark green fruits, Ambassador and Bareqet, and one having golden-yellow fruits, Goldy, were compared for speed of harvest under field conditions. Plots of Goldy were harvested 18%, fruits 20%, marketable fruits 26% and Grade A fruits 33% faster than those of Ambassador or Bareqet. All three cultivars had an open growth habit and produced nearly identical numbers of fruits. The results indicate that the differences in harvest speed among the cultivars were based mainly on camouflage of the green fruits and contrast of the golden-yellow fruits with the green foliage.Key words: Zucchini, Cucurbita pepo, gene B, summer squash, marrow, courgette

scholarly journals Inheritance of warty fruit texture and fruit color in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.]

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Mladenovic ◽  
Janos Berenji ◽  
Ksenija Hiel ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic ◽  
Vladislav Ognjanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Fruit Type ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] is one of the most interesting species in the plant kingdom, due to the diversity of fruit shapes, sizes and ways of use. Warty genotypes are rare compared to non warty genotypes. Considering unusual external appearance of warty fruits, we focused our research on the investigation of its inheritance patterns. By crossing different bottle gourd phenotypes, we studied the mode of inheritance and identified and verified genes responsible for the fruit skin color and warty phenotype segregation. Two parental lines, LAG 70 (with warty fruit of light green color) and LAG 71 (smooth fruit, variegated), F1, F2 and backcrosses populations along with both parents were evaluated. Genetic analysis indicated that warty fruit type is a result of monogenic inheritance, whereby the warty fruit type is dominant (Wt) trait over to the non-warty fruit type (wt). The mode of inheritance of fruit color was controlled by recessive epistasis, with a ratio of 9 variegated (A-, B-), 3 dark green colored (aaB-) and 4 light green colored (aabb) fruits in the F2 generation.

scholarly journals INHERITANCE OF COLOR IN THE EGGPLANT

1969 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
J. A. B. Nolla
Keyword(s):  
Green Plant ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Recessive Factor ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Unit Factor ◽  
Purple Color ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
The University ◽  
Black Beauty

(1) Inheritance studies on the color in the eggplants have been made by various investigators but the first one to attempt an analysis was Halsted (5) who reported a 3:1 ratio of green to white color of flesh and a similar ratio of purple to colorless skin; also a 9:3:3:1 ratio of purple, green, pink, and white fruit. Several workers have pointed out the dominance of purple color over white in fruits. Bayla (1) apparently regarded F1 generations of reciprocal crosses as dissimilar. (2) The methods employed in the various crosses are given. (3) Seedlings in some of the crosses could be classified according to their color during the very early stages. Plants of the Green variety remain green throughout the entire life cycle, those of Fajardo and White Pompadour are green during the first two or three weeks only and then turn light purple; while those of Camuy, Black Beauty and University are purple from the very beginning. (4) Intense purple color of Camuy is inherited in a 3:1 ratio to Green. The same ratio exists between the green of Green and the purple of University and Black Beauty. The University purple is inherited in the same ratio in respect to Fajardo green purple striped. For all these a unit factor Pr pr is assumed. (5) Green color of fruit in the crosses studied is always associated with green plant color; and purple, red and pink with purple color of plant. White corolla is always associated with green color of plant; striped anthers with a recessive factor for fruit or plant color. (6) Red, purple and pink color of fruit is dominant over green and inherited in a 3:1 ratio. Likewise green purple striped is dominant over white purple striped and is inherited in a 3:1 ratio. Purple was proved to be also dominant over white purple striped. Green purple striped acts as a recessive in respect to pink or purple, but as a dominant in respect to white purple striped. (7) Violet or purple corolla is dominant over white corolla. They stand in a 3:1 ratio in the F2 generation. (8) Striping of anthers is dominant over non-striping and is inherited in a 3:1 ratio. (9) A unit factor appears to exist for each of the characters; color of plant, color of fruit, color of corolla and striping of anthers. The following allelomorphic pairs of factors are assumed: plant color Pr pr, fruit color Cc, corolla color C1c1, and striped character of anthers St st. A. single factor might be assumed as affecting all the characters here involved. (10) There may be complete linkage between these characters White corolla and non-striped anthers always stand for green fruit, and green plant (all recessive characters). On the other hand striped anthers always go with bright colored fruit and with purple plants. (11) The composition of a green plant with white corolla, green fruit and non-striped anthers may be represented as prpr cc C1 c1 stst, or as prpr, cc, etc.

THE LIFE CYCLE OF PRASIOLA MERIDIONALIS SETCHELL AND GARDNER

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Cole ◽  
Samuel Akintobi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Somatic Tissue ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Diploid Cells ◽  
Light Green

The life cycle of Prasiola meridionalis is diplohaplontic, consisting of an alternation between morphologically dissimilar sporophytic and gametophytic generations. Mature diploid cells at the apex of the thallus divide meiotically, each producing four haploid cells. Eight pairs of chromosomes were counted at first meiotic prophase. The haploid cells divide mitotically, forming polystromatic, gametophytic tissue which becomes a continuation of the monostromatic, sporophytic, or somatic tissue within the same thallus. Patches of dark green cells, containing potential macrogametes, alternate with patches of very light green color which produce microgametes, forming a mosaic pattern in the gametophytic tissue at the apex of the thallus. Oogamy exists in this species, the spherical macrogamete possessing no flagella. Two or more smaller biflagellate microgametes may approach one macrogamete, but only one unites with it to form the zygote. P. meridionalis reproduces asexually by aplanospores which are formed within the diploid somatic tissue. The new thalli resulting from the germination of aplanospores are morphologically similar to those produced from the zygotes.Cultures of P. meridionalis thalli grow well in modified Provasoli's medium, when maintained at temperatures of 5–8 °C and provided with alternate light and dark periods. Gametes are liberated only when fruiting thalli are first illuminated for 2 hours with fluorescent tubes and then kept in the dark for several hours at temperatures of 3–5 °C.

scholarly journals Genome-wide Association Analysis Reveals a Novel QTL CsFS1 for Fruit Skin Color in Cucumber

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Huang ◽  
Qinqin Yang ◽  
Lidong Zhang ◽  
Weiliang Kong ◽  
Huizhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Gata Transcription Factor ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Novel Allele

Abstract Fruit skin color is a crucial external trait that affects consumer preference in cucumber. In this study, an F2 population was constructed from a cross between the inbred lines G35 (with light-green fruit skin) and Q51 (with dark-green fruit skin) and used to investigate the inheritance patterns of fruit skin color in cucumber. Genetic analysis showed that dark-green fruit skin was dominant to light-green skin. A major QTL, Fruit skin 1 (CsFS1), was identified between 36.62 Mb and 39.77 Mb on chromosome 3 by BSA-seq and GWAS. We further narrowed down the CsFS1 locus to a 94-kb interval containing 15 candidate genes in three F2 recombinant individuals with light-green skin color and one BC4F2 recombinant individual with dark-green skin color. Among these genes, Csa3G912920, which encodes a GATA transcription factor, was expressed at a higher level in the pericarp of the NIL-1334 line (with light-green fruit skin) than in that of the NIL-1325 line (with dark-green fruit skin). This study provides a novel allele for the improvement of fruit skin color in cucumber breeding.

scholarly journals Mapping of the CaPP2C35 Gene Involved in the Formation of Light-Green Immature Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Fruits via GWAS and BSA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lang Wu ◽  
Haoran Wang ◽  
Sujun Liu ◽  
Mengmeng Liu ◽  
Jinkui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Light Green

Abstract In pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), the common colors of immature fruits are yellowish white, milky yellow, green, purple, and purplish black. Some genes related to these colors have been cloned, but only those related to dark green, white, and purple immature fruits; few studies have investigated light-green immature fruits. Here, we performed a genetic study using light-green (17C827) and green (17C658) immature fruits. We found that the light-green color of immature fruits were controlled by a single locus-dominant genetic trait compared with the green color of immature fruits. We also performed a genome-wide association study and bulked segregant analysis of immature-fruit color and mapped the LG locus to a 35.07 kbp region on chromosome 10. Only one gene, Capana10g001710, was found in this region. A G-A substitution occurred at the 313th base of the Capana10g001710 coding sequence in 17C827, resulting in the α-helix of its encoded PP2C35 protein to turn into a β-fold. The expression of Capana10g001710 (termed CaPP2C35) in 17C827 was significantly higher than in 17C658. Silencing of CaPP2C35 in 17C827 resulted in an increase in chlorophyll content in the exocarp and the appearance of green stripes on the surface of the fruit. These results indicate that CaPP2C35 may be involved in the formation of light-green immature fruits by regulating the accumulation of chlorophyll content in the exocarp. Thus, this research lays the foundation for further studies and genetic improvement of immature-fruit color in pepper.

scholarly journals Peel Color and Blemishes in ‘Granny Smith’ Apples in Relation to Canopy Light Environment

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques R. Fouché ◽  
Stephanie C. Roberts ◽  
Stephanie J.E. Midgley ◽  
Willem J. Steyn
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
East West ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentrations

The dark green apple cultivar, Granny Smith (GS), makes up 25% of the South African apple industry. However, production of GS is becoming unprofitable as a result of a high incidence of sunburn, red blush, and pale green fruit that decreases the proportion of Class 1 fruit that is suitable for export to more lucrative markets. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between canopy position and external fruit quality with the ultimate aim to devise pruning and training strategies to maximize export yield. During early fruit development [26 days after full bloom (DAFB)], chlorophyll concentrations were the highest in fruit from higher light environments. Good green color at harvest relied on exposure of fruit to high irradiance at this stage because 50% shading between 14 and 56 DAFB significantly decreased dark green color at harvest. Exposed fruit from the northern side of east–west rows received the highest irradiance throughout the season [53% of full sun photosynthetic photon flux (PPF)] and had the highest fruit surface temperature (on average 5 °C above ambient). A high proportion of exposed fruit from either side of the row developed red blush. Only 22% to 39% of exposed fruit from the outer canopy did not develop sunburn or red blush. Partially shaded fruit from the southern side of east–west rows received ≈5% of full sunlight and had the highest chlorophyll concentrations and darkest green color at harvest. Deeply shaded inner canopy fruit received ≈2% of full sunlight, had low chlorophyll concentrations, and were lighter green in color. The 10% darkest green fruit received moderately high irradiance (25% to 45% of full sun PPF) during early fruit development (until ≈80 DAFB) but became progressively shaded (3% of full sun PPF) during the latter half of the season. Fruit that developed sunburn and the lightest green fruit were exposed to high (1300 μmol·m−2·s−1) and extremely low (50 μmol·m−2·s−1) light, respectively, throughout their development. In conclusion, maximum chlorophyll synthesis and dark green color require an open canopy during the first half of fruit development, whereas shading is necessary during the latter half of fruit development to avoid the occurrence of sunburn, red blush, and photothermal destruction of chlorophyll. GS may benefit significantly from the installation of shade netting if combined with rigorous pruning and vigor control.

The Present Situation and Trend of Green Building Development in China Dongying City

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 463-466
Author(s):  
Yu Xi Song
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Primary Stage ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Dongying City ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Light Green

In recent years, with the accelerating global resources depletion and increasing environment deterioration,sustainable development has become common understanding of best strategy in long-term development of human being. Green building has been the hottest keyword in building industry. This paper expounds the updated research of green building situation and trend,and investigate the green building development of DongYing City. The results indicated that green building development in China was still in the primary stage,the evaluation of green building would become national popular,the number of certified green building would increase year by year,and the development of green building in China was in the stage from light green to dark green.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Persistent-Green Color in Asparagus Officinalis, L.

1969 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
H. Irizarry ◽  
J. Howard Ellison ◽  
Portia Orton
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Pigment System ◽  
Plant Pigment ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Or Genes ◽  
Color Gene

Two mature, dark-green asparagus plants (one female and one male) termed "persistent-green" were selected in a New Jersey asparagus field on November 11, 1959, when the other plants were yellow or brown. The two persistent-green plants were crossed; each of them was crossed also with normal plants for the genetic study of this character. A secondary part of this study was to determine the effect of the color gene or genes on the plant-pigment system by means of spectrophotometric analyses. An attempt also was made to identify the persistent-green mutants in the seedling stage. The study of the phenotypes of 17 F1, F2, and reciprocal BC1 progenies indicated that persistent-green color in asparagus is inherited as a single recessive gene. There was a large quantitative difference in chlorophyll and carotene between the persistent-green and normal plant complexes in October, but not in July. Apparently the persistent-green mutants retain chlorophyll and carotene much later in the season than do the normal plants. No qualitative difference in pigment was found in either July or October. Asparagus seedlings were easily classified as to persistent-green (green foliage) or normal (yellow foliage) in the greenhouse when the plants were 6 weeks old.

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