scholarly journals 153 GENES FOR INTENSE COLORATION OF ACORN SQUASH

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 450f-450
Author(s):  
Harry S. Paris

The fruits of Cucurbita pepo cv. Table Queen are light green when young, turn dark green by intermediate age (15-18 days past anthesis) and remain dark green through maturity. Three major genes are known to affect developmental fruit color intensity in C. pepo: D, 1-1, and 1-2. Table Queen was crossed with cv. Vegetable Spaghetti and with tester stocks of known genotype in order to determine the genetic basis of its developmental fruit coloration. The results from filial, backcross. and testcross generations suggest that Table Queen carries gene D, which confers dark stem and fruit color from intermediate fruit age through maturity. Table Queen also carries L-2. which confers Light Type 2 (a pattern of grayish green hue) fruit color from intermediate age, but D is epistatic to L-2. The genotype of Table Queen is D/D 1-1/1-1 L-2/L-2. Clear-cut results were not obtained -- regarding the genetic basis of the retention of green color through maturity of Table Queen fruits.

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 602c-602
Author(s):  
Harry S. Paris

Most cultivars of acorn squash (Cucurbita pepo), such as `Table Queen', have fruit that are light green when young, become dark green by intermediate age, and remain dark green through maturity, carrying genotype D/D l-l/l-1 L-2/L-2. Many other forms of C. pepo that carry this genotype, the most familiar being the Halloween and pie pumpkins, turn orange at maturity. The genetic basis for green color retention of acorn squash was investigated by crossing `Table Queen' with `Vegetable Spaghetti', `Fordhook Zucchini', and accession 85k-9-107-2 (the parental, filial, backcross, and testcross generation progenies being grown out in the field and observed and scored for fruit color at maturity, between 40 and 44 days past anthesis). The results indicated that the three stocks crossed with `Table Queen' carry two recessive genes, designated mature orange-1 (mo-1) and mature orange-2 (mo-2), which act in concert to result in complete loss of green color before maturity in 1-1/1-1 plants. `Table Queen' is Mo-l/Mo-1 Mo-2∼o-2. Genes D and mo-2 are linked, ≈15 map units apart.


1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARRY S. PARIS ◽  
HAIM NERSON ◽  
ZVI KARCHI

Two zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) cultivars having dark green fruits, Ambassador and Bareqet, and one having golden-yellow fruits, Goldy, were compared for speed of harvest under field conditions. Plots of Goldy were harvested 18%, fruits 20%, marketable fruits 26% and Grade A fruits 33% faster than those of Ambassador or Bareqet. All three cultivars had an open growth habit and produced nearly identical numbers of fruits. The results indicate that the differences in harvest speed among the cultivars were based mainly on camouflage of the green fruits and contrast of the golden-yellow fruits with the green foliage.Key words: Zucchini, Cucurbita pepo, gene B, summer squash, marrow, courgette


Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Mladenovic ◽  
Janos Berenji ◽  
Ksenija Hiel ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic ◽  
Vladislav Ognjanov ◽  
...  

Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] is one of the most interesting species in the plant kingdom, due to the diversity of fruit shapes, sizes and ways of use. Warty genotypes are rare compared to non warty genotypes. Considering unusual external appearance of warty fruits, we focused our research on the investigation of its inheritance patterns. By crossing different bottle gourd phenotypes, we studied the mode of inheritance and identified and verified genes responsible for the fruit skin color and warty phenotype segregation. Two parental lines, LAG 70 (with warty fruit of light green color) and LAG 71 (smooth fruit, variegated), F1, F2 and backcrosses populations along with both parents were evaluated. Genetic analysis indicated that warty fruit type is a result of monogenic inheritance, whereby the warty fruit type is dominant (Wt) trait over to the non-warty fruit type (wt). The mode of inheritance of fruit color was controlled by recessive epistasis, with a ratio of 9 variegated (A-, B-), 3 dark green colored (aaB-) and 4 light green colored (aabb) fruits in the F2 generation.


1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Cole ◽  
Samuel Akintobi

The life cycle of Prasiola meridionalis is diplohaplontic, consisting of an alternation between morphologically dissimilar sporophytic and gametophytic generations. Mature diploid cells at the apex of the thallus divide meiotically, each producing four haploid cells. Eight pairs of chromosomes were counted at first meiotic prophase. The haploid cells divide mitotically, forming polystromatic, gametophytic tissue which becomes a continuation of the monostromatic, sporophytic, or somatic tissue within the same thallus. Patches of dark green cells, containing potential macrogametes, alternate with patches of very light green color which produce microgametes, forming a mosaic pattern in the gametophytic tissue at the apex of the thallus. Oogamy exists in this species, the spherical macrogamete possessing no flagella. Two or more smaller biflagellate microgametes may approach one macrogamete, but only one unites with it to form the zygote. P. meridionalis reproduces asexually by aplanospores which are formed within the diploid somatic tissue. The new thalli resulting from the germination of aplanospores are morphologically similar to those produced from the zygotes.Cultures of P. meridionalis thalli grow well in modified Provasoli's medium, when maintained at temperatures of 5–8 °C and provided with alternate light and dark periods. Gametes are liberated only when fruiting thalli are first illuminated for 2 hours with fluorescent tubes and then kept in the dark for several hours at temperatures of 3–5 °C.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lang Wu ◽  
Haoran Wang ◽  
Sujun Liu ◽  
Mengmeng Liu ◽  
Jinkui Liu ◽  
...  

Abstract In pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), the common colors of immature fruits are yellowish white, milky yellow, green, purple, and purplish black. Some genes related to these colors have been cloned, but only those related to dark green, white, and purple immature fruits; few studies have investigated light-green immature fruits. Here, we performed a genetic study using light-green (17C827) and green (17C658) immature fruits. We found that the light-green color of immature fruits were controlled by a single locus-dominant genetic trait compared with the green color of immature fruits. We also performed a genome-wide association study and bulked segregant analysis of immature-fruit color and mapped the LG locus to a 35.07 kbp region on chromosome 10. Only one gene, Capana10g001710, was found in this region. A G-A substitution occurred at the 313th base of the Capana10g001710 coding sequence in 17C827, resulting in the α-helix of its encoded PP2C35 protein to turn into a β-fold. The expression of Capana10g001710 (termed CaPP2C35) in 17C827 was significantly higher than in 17C658. Silencing of CaPP2C35 in 17C827 resulted in an increase in chlorophyll content in the exocarp and the appearance of green stripes on the surface of the fruit. These results indicate that CaPP2C35 may be involved in the formation of light-green immature fruits by regulating the accumulation of chlorophyll content in the exocarp. Thus, this research lays the foundation for further studies and genetic improvement of immature-fruit color in pepper.


2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 463-466
Author(s):  
Yu Xi Song

In recent years, with the accelerating global resources depletion and increasing environment deterioration,sustainable development has become common understanding of best strategy in long-term development of human being. Green building has been the hottest keyword in building industry. This paper expounds the updated research of green building situation and trend,and investigate the green building development of DongYing City. The results indicated that green building development in China was still in the primary stage,the evaluation of green building would become national popular,the number of certified green building would increase year by year,and the development of green building in China was in the stage from light green to dark green.


Author(s):  
Hugh P. Taylor

ABSTRACTOxygen isotope data are very useful in determining the source rocks of granitic magmas, particularly when used in combination with Sr, Pb, and Nd isotope studies. For example, unusually high δ18O values in magmas (δ18O> +8) require the involvement of some precursor parent material that at some time in the past resided on or near the Earth's surface, either as sedimentary rocks or as weathered or hydrothermally altered rocks. The isotopic systematics which are preserved in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic batholiths of western North America can be explained by grand-scale mixing of three broadly defined end-members: (1) oceanic island-arc magmas derived from a “depleted” (MORB-type?) source in the upper mantle (δ18O c. +6 and 87Sr/86Sr c. 0·703); (2) a high-18O (c. +13 to +17) source with a very uniform 87Sr/86Sr (c. 0·708 to 0·712), derived mainly from eugeosynclinal volcanogenic sediments and (or) hydrothermally altered basalts; and (3) a much more heterogeneous source (87Sr/86Sr c. 0·706 to 0·750, or higher) with a high δ18O (c. +9 to +15) where derived from supracrustal metasedimentary rocks and a much lower δ18O (c. +7 to +9) where derived from the lower continental crust of the craton. These end-members were successively dominant from W to E, respectively, within three elongate N–S geographic zones that can be mapped from Mexico all the way N to Idaho.18O/16O studies (together with D/H analyses) can, however, play a more important and certainly a unique role in determining the origins of the aqueous fluids involved in the formation of granitic and rhyolitic magmas. Fluid-rock interaction effects are most clear-cut when low-18O, low-D meteoric waters are involved in the isotopic exchange and melting processes, but the effects of other waters such as seawater (with a relatively high δD c. 0) can also be recognised. Because of these hydrothermal processes, rocks that ultimately undergo partial melting may exhibit isotopic signatures considerably different from those that they started with. We discuss three broad classes of potential source materials of such “hydrothermal-anatectic” granitic magmas, based mainly on water/rock (w/r), temperature (T), and the length of time (t) that fluid-rock interaction proceeds: (Type 1) epizonal systems with a wide variation in whole-rock δ18O and extreme 18O/16O disequilibrium among coexisting minerals (e.g. quartz and feldspar); (Type 2) deeper-seated and (or) longer-lived systems, also with a wide spectrum of whole-rock δ18O, but with equilibrated 18O/16O ratios among coexisting minerals; (Type 3) thoroughly homogenised and equilibrated systems with relatively uniform δ18O in all lithologies. Low-18O magmas formed by melting of rocks altered in a Type 2 or a Type 3 meteoric-hydrothermal system are the only kinds of “hydrothermal-anatectic” granitic magmas that are readily recognisable in the geological record. Analogous effects produced by other kinds of aqueous fluids may, however, be quite common, particularly in areas of extensional tectonics and large-scale rifting. The greatly enhanced permeabilities in such fractured terranes make possible the deep convective circulation of ground waters and sedimentary pore fluids. The nature and origin of low-18O magmas in the Yellowstone volcanic field and the Seychelles Islands are briefly reviewed in light of these concepts, as is the development of high-D, peraluminous magmas in the Hercynian of the Pyrenees.


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