scholarly journals Glucose Levels During Gestational Diabetes Pregnancy and the Risk of Developing Postpartum Diabetes or Prediabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadakarn Phaloprakarn ◽  
Siriwan Tangjitgamol

Abstract Background: Blood glucose levels during pregnancy may reflect the severity of insulin secretory defects and/or insulin resistance during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancy. We hypothesized that suboptimal glycemic control in women with GDM could increase the risk of postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) or prediabetes. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of plasma glucose levels throughout GDM pregnancy on the risk of postpartum type 2 DM or prediabetes. Methods: The medical records of 706 women with GDM who underwent a postpartum 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at our institution between January 2011 and December 2018 were reviewed. These women were classified into 2 groups according to glycemic control during pregnancy: ≤ 1 occasion of either fasting glucose ≥ 95 mg/dL or 2-h postprandial glucose ≥ 120 mg/dL was defined as optimal glycemic control or else was classified as suboptimal glycemic control. Rates of postpartum type 2 DM and prediabetes were compared between women with optimal (n = 505) and suboptimal (n = 201) glycemic control. Results: The rates of postpartum type 2 DM and prediabetes were significantly higher in the suboptimal glycemic control group than in the optimal glycemic control group: 22.4% vs. 3.0%, P < 0.001 for DM and 45.3% vs. 23.6%, P < 0.001 for prediabetes. In a multivariate analysis, suboptimal glucose control during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for developing either postpartum type 2 DM or prediabetes. The adjusted odds ratios were 18.9 (95% confidence interval, 7.0–50.7) for DM and 4.1 (95% confidence interval, 2.6–6.4) for prediabetes. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that blood glucose levels during GDM pregnancy have an impact on the risk of postpartum type 2 DM and prediabetes.

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadakarn Phaloprakarn ◽  
Siriwan Tangjitgamol

Abstract Background Blood glucose levels during pregnancy may reflect the severity of insulin secretory defects and/or insulin resistance during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancy. We hypothesized that suboptimal glycemic control in women with GDM could increase the risk of postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or prediabetes. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of plasma glucose levels throughout GDM pregnancy on the risk of postpartum T2DM or prediabetes. Methods The medical records of 706 women with GDM who underwent a postpartum 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test at our institution between January 2011 and December 2018 were reviewed. These women were classified into 2 groups according to glycemic control during pregnancy: ≤ 1 occasion of either fasting glucose ≥ 95 mg/dL or 2-hour postprandial glucose ≥ 120 mg/dL was defined as optimal glycemic control or else was classified as suboptimal glycemic control. Rates of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes were compared between women with optimal (n = 505) and suboptimal (n = 201) glycemic control. Results The rates of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes were significantly higher in the suboptimal glycemic control group than in the optimal glycemic control group: 22.4% vs. 3.0%, P < 0.001 for T2DM and 45.3% vs. 23.5%, P < 0.001 for prediabetes. In a multivariate analysis, suboptimal glucose control during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for developing either postpartum T2DM or prediabetes. The adjusted odds ratios were 8.4 (95% confidence interval, 3.5–20.3) for T2DM and 3.9 (95% confidence interval, 2.5–6.1) for prediabetes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that blood glucose levels during GDM pregnancy have an impact on the risk of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Gema Akbar Wakhidana ◽  
Ancah Caesarina Novi Marchianti ◽  
Ali Santosa

Diabetes mellitus is metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by disturbances in insulin secretion or insulin activity. Herbal Forte Rice is rice synthetic material composed of main purple sweet potato and corn flour. It contains antioksidan, fiber, resistant starch and having moderate glycemic index. This study aimed to determine the effectivity of Herbal Forte Rice on decreasing blood glucose levels of patients type 2 DM. It used a cross-over design, the role of research subjects was both as control and treatment groups. Total sample of this research consisted of 60 samples. The treatment group was given Herbal Forte Rice for 7 days in 2 consecutive meals, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The results showed the average level of Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) beginning and end of the treatment group 179.76 mg/dL and 138.7 mg/dL; FBG beginning and end of the control 180.87 mg/dL and 187.63 mg/dL; 2 hours post prandial Blood Glucose (2hppBG) levels of beginning and end of the treatment group 284.37 mg/dL and 183.8 mg/dL; 2hppBG levels beginning and end of the control 280.57 mg/dL and 284.13 mg/dL. This study concludes that Herbal Forte Rice effective on decreasing blood glucose levels of patients type 2 DM.   Keywords: diabetes mellitus, Rice Herbal Forte, GDP and GD2PP  


Author(s):  
A. Mooventhan ◽  
Reema Ningombam ◽  
L. Nivethitha

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus is one of the major current public health problems. Electro-acupuncture at ST-36 showed a significant reduction in plasma glucose levels in diabetic rats. There are lacks of studies reporting its hypoglycemic effect in humans and thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of needling at ST-36 (Zusanli) on blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsSixty T2DM participants were recruited and randomized into acupuncture group (n=30) and placebo control group (n=30). The participants of the acupuncture group received needling at ST-36 (one finger breadth lateral to the inferior border of the tibial tuberosity), and the participants those in the placebo control group received needling at placebo point (midpoint between the apex of the patella and tibial tuberosity). For both the groups, needles were retained for 30 min. Baseline and post-test assessments were performed prior to and after each intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.ResultsThe present study showed a significant reduction in random blood glucose levels in the acupuncture group compared to the placebo control group.ConclusionThis study suggests that 30 min of bilateral acupuncture needling at ST-36 with manual stimulation is effective in reducing blood glucose levels in T2DM patients.


2021 ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Yusran Hasymi ◽  
. Suwanto

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, which occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Most cases of diabetes mellitus are diabetes mellitus type-2. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hypnotherapy on reducing blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type-2. The research used a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. Purposive sampling was used, and 30 respondents selected. The instrument in this study was a single stick tool. The intervention group was given standard therapy treatment in the form of bio-energy therapy and hypnotherapy, while the control group was only given standard therapy treatment in the form of bio-energy therapy. Univariate analysis of the results indicates that the average blood glucose level before treatment was 234.67 mg/dl and after treatment was 194.67 mg / dl. Bivariate analysis based on the results of the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test obtained a p-value of 0.002 (p-value <0.05). This means that hypnotherapy reduced blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus type-2 sufferers. This study recommends the nursing profession apply hypnotherapy as an alternative or non-pharmacological complementary therapy that can be used to reduce blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus type 2.   Keywords: Hypnotherapy, diabetes mellitus type 2, blood glucose levels


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Shobha JC ◽  
Rao PV

BACKGROUND: Momordica charantia is widely used in the traditional medicine to manage patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(DM). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Taste Good biscuits (TGB) on blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 DM using CGMS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an open label, controlled, non-randomized, prospective study. Total duration of study was for 14 days, 1-7 days of control period without TGB and 8-14 days of active period with TGB. During the control period regular antidiabetic treatment was continued, however during the active period, two TGB were consumed at 11am and at 4pm along with their regular anti diabetic treatment. Continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) was used to detect the fluctuations in the blood glucose levels during the entire study period. RESULTS: 62 type 2 DM patients participated in the study, 3 were lost to follow up. 39 were males and 20 females. There was statistically significant reduction in the mean glucose values during the active period with TGB as compared to the control period without TGB (p< 0.001). The glucose variability between the minimum and maximum glucose during the control period was statistically significantly more as compared to active period ( p <0.01). The glucose levels were in the target range of (80-140mg/dl) during the active period as compared to the control period (p< 0.001). However, the glucose levels were above the target range during the control period as compared to the active period (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TGB reduced the glucose variability in patients with type 2DM, hence TGB can be used as an adjuvant with regular antidiabetic medications.


Author(s):  
Puji Asmini

Objective: The study aims to determine the influence of education of drug information by the pharmacist on the improvement of knowledge and therapeutic target to type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital.Methods: The research used the quasi-experimental method, repeated measure experiment design, pre-posttest design with the prospective patient data retrieval. 90 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were used as the subjects of the research divided into three groups (two test groups and one control group). In the test1 group, patients were educated about the drug information through leaflets and through oral explanation, the test 2 group through leaflets, and a control group through leaflets once at the beginning of the study. The study lasted for three months in which in every month fasting blood glucose levels (FBG) and blood glucose levels were analyzed within two hours after a meal (BG2PP) and given questionnaires knowledge to see the socio-demographic profile, knowledge, and blood glucose level of the patient. The data analysis used the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16 in the form of analysis Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-way anova test.Results: The results showed that the education of the drug information by a pharmacist using leaflets and oral explanation in the test1 group was able to improve knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital, in comparison to the leaflets giving information only to the test 2 group and control group. The education of drug information on the test 1 group was able to improve the patients' knowledge reaching 100%. Type 2 diabetes outpatients in the test 1 group could achieve a reduction in blood sugar levels, to the FBG level (136.47±36.08) mg/dl and BG2PP levels (193.43±58.21) mg/dl.Conclusion: The education of drug information from the pharmacist had the influence to improves the knowledge and therapeutic target of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital.


2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 1610-1616

Background: Volten VR4® capsules contain extract of Kaempferia parviflora (KP), which has been claimed to reduce blood glucose in patients with diabetes. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Volten VR4® on healthy individuals and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus volunteers. Materials and Methods: The extracts of 400 mg capsules of KP were consumed for five days. The fasting and blood glucose levels of 2-hour postprandial were measured at baseline and day 5. A group of 15 healthy young adults between the age of 20- and 30-years old were the control group of the present study, while 12 volunteers aged 35 to 75 years old diagnosed with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus constituted the experimental group. Data were validated through the Willcoxon and Friedman test statistics and error distribution. Results: It had been shown that the specificity of KP reduced blood glucose levels and has associated with the flavonoids and polymethoxyflavones components. The results showed that consuming VR4® capsules significantly reduced blood glucose, either at the state of fasting or postprandially in diabetic individual. Conclusion: Volten VR4® Kaempferia parviflora extract is safe to be consumed at 400 mg at one time. The study also has shown that the participants are free from adverse reactions and hypoglycaemia. Keywords: Kaempferia parviflora; Blood glucose; Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus; Flavonoids; Polymethoxyflavones; Hypoglycemia and heavy metal elements


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Baiq Sofianti Annisa ◽  
Candra Eka Puspitasari ◽  
Siti Rahmatul Aini

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder of insulin secretion, insulin action or both, which are characterized by blood glucose levels 200 mg/dl and / or fasting blood glucose levels 126 mg/dl. In 2017 Indonesia was recorded as the sixth largest country with DM in the world. The most common classification of diabetes is type 2 DM with an incidence 90-95%. The study aimed to determine the profile of antidiabetic use in type 2 DM patients at the outpatient installation of RSUD Provinsi NTB in 2018. This study used cross sectional design retrospectively with purposive sampling method for the period January-December 2018. The results showed that in 112 patients, 195 antidiabetic agents were prescribed. The antidiabetic prescribed were metformin (33.85%), glimepirid (25.13%), aspart insulin (13.33%), insulin detemir (8.21%), pioglitazone (6.67%), insulin glargine (6.67%), glyclazide (1.54%), gliquidone (1.54%), acarbose (1.54), regular insulin (1.03%), and insulin lispro (0.51%). Overall, antidiabetic use was in accordance with the guideline recommendations. Further research is needed regarding the review of prescriptions and detailed indications in order to increase rationality of drug use, reduce morbidity and mortality and reduce medical costs.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Manaor Napitupulu ◽  
Melita Aditya Sari ◽  
Sara Sonnya Ayutthaya

Latar belakang: Penderita Diabetes melitus (DM) yang tidak ditangani dengan baik akan menimbulkankomplikasi Nefropati Diabetika sebagai penyebab utama dari Gagal Ginjal terminal. Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk menentukan faktor risiko Gagal Ginjal pada pasien DM tipe 2. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang yang meneliti faktor risiko Gagal Ginjal pada pasienrawat jalan DM tipe 2 di bagian penyakit dalam RSUD kota Bekasi mulai tanggal 01 September 2015sampai dengan 30 September 2015. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur. Sampeldalam penelitian ini berjumlah 246 purposive individual sampling (107 pria dan 139 wanita). Analisisdata mempergunakan SPSS versi 21 dan EPISTAT versi 3.3 Hasil: Faktor risiko gagal ginjal yang terkait dengan perjalanan penyakit DM tipe 2 adalah: umur saatdidiagnosis DM 36-54 tahun (ORa=2.41; p=0.01); menderita DM 6-10 tahun dan lebih dari 10 tahunsetelah didiagnosis (ORa=4.30; p=0.000 vs ORa=18.54; p=0.000). Dibandingkan dengan kadar glukosadarah awal 201-300 mg/dl, responden dengan kadar gula darah awal 401-500 mg/dl dan lebih dari 500mg/dl masing-masing berisiko Gagal Ginjal 5.63 kali dan 11.11 kali (p=0.000 vs p=0.000). Kadar glukosadarah tertinggi >500 mg/dl berisiko Gagal Ginjal 5.86 kali dibandingkan dengan 201-300 mg/dl (p=0.000). Kesimpulan: Usia pada saat didiagnosis DM, lamanya menderita DM setelah didiagnosis, kadar glukosadarah awal dan kadar glukosa darah tertinggi >500 mg/dl merupakan faktor-faktor risiko Gagal Ginjal Kata kunci: Faktor risiko, progresi DM tipe 2, Gagal Ginjal AbstractBackground: A condition when Diabetes Mellitus patients does not get an adequate medical treatment,will cause Diabetic Nephropathy, which is a major cause of a terminal Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).The objective of this study is to determine risk factors of CKD in patients with type 2 DM. Methods: Design of this study was a cross sectional, that investigated risk factors of CKD in outpatientswho suffered type 2 DM at Department of Internal Medicine of Bekasi General Hospital from the 1st ofSeptember to the 30th of September, 2015. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires.Sample in this study was 246 purposive individual sampling (107 male and 139 female). The data analysisused SPSS version 21 and EPISTAT version 3.3. Results: The risk factors of CKD related to progressive of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 disease were: age atfirst diagnosed of DM 36-54 years (ORa=2.41; p=0.01), suffering DM 6-10 years and more than 10 yearsafter being diagnosed (ORa=4.30; p=0.000 vs ORa= 18.54; p=0.000 ). Referring to initial blood glucoselevels of 201-300 mg/dl, the respondents with initial blood glucose levels of 401-500 mg/dl and more than500 mg/dl had the risk of CKD 5.63 times and 11.11 times respectively (p=0.000 vs p=0.000). The highestblood glucose levels >500 mg/dl had the risk of CKD 5.86 times compared with 201-300 mg/dl (p=0.000). Conclusion: Age at first diagnosed of DM, duration of suffering DM post diagnosed, initial blood glucoselevels, and the highest blood glucose levels >500 mg/dl were the risk factors of CKD. Keywords: Risk factors, progressive of type 2 DM, CKD


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sulastri S ◽  
Tety Mulyati Arofi

Pendahuluan: Diabetes Mellitus merupakan suatu sindroma klinis kelainan metabolik yang ditandai oleh adanya hiperglikemia yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin atau kedua-duanya. Perawatan pasien Diabetes bertujuan mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah sehingga tidak menimbulkan komplikasi yang dapat mengganggu kehidupan normal pasien. Berbagai penatalaksanaan untuk mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah dapat dilakukan, di antaranya olah sehat Lafidzi 21. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Olah Sehat Lafidzi 21 terhadap kadar glukosa darah pasien Diabetes tipe 2 di Klub Diabetes Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan quasi-experimental dengan kelompok kontrol. Olah Sehat Lafidzi 21 dilakukan oleh penderita Diabetes setiap hari selama 14 hari. Hasil: penelitian menunjukkan penurunan kadar glukosa darah puasa yang signifikan pada kelompok intervensi setelah melakukan Olah Sehat Lafidzi 21 (p =0,00). Simpulan: Olah Sehat Lafidzi 21 mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah secara signifikan pada penderita diabetes tipe 2 di Diabetes Klub Jakarta Islamic Hospital Cempaka Putih. Kata kunci: Olah Sehat Lafidzi 21, kadar gula darah, diabetes mellitus tipe 2.AbstractIntroduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a clinical syndrome of metabolic abnormalities characterized by the presence of hyperglycemia that occurs due to insulin secretion abnormalities, insulin work or both. Treatment of Diabetes patients aims to control blood glucose levels so as not to cause complications that can interfere with the patient's normal life. Various management to control blood glucose levels can be done, including healthy Lafidzi 21. This study aims to determine the influence of Healthy Lafidzi 21 on blood glucose level of Type 2 Diabetes patients at Diabetes Club Jakarta Islamic Hospital Cempaka Putih. Methods: This was a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design with a control group. Healthy Lafidzi 21 is done by diabetics every day for 14 days. Results: the study showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels in the intervention group after performing Healthy Lafidzi 21 (p = 0.00). Conclusion: Healthy Lafidzi 21 is able to lower blood glucose levels significantly in people with type 2 diabetes in Diabetes Club Jakarta Islamic Hospital Cempaka Putih. Keywords: Healthy Lafidzi 21, blood sugar level, diabetes mellitus type 2.


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