scholarly journals Effect of Winter Feeding Frequency on Growth Performance, Biochemical Blood Parameters, Oxidative Stress, and Appetite-Related Genes in Takifugu Rubripes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Qiang gao ◽  
Xin-Yi Wang ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Hong-Xu Li ◽  
Liang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Takifugu Rubripes ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Winter Feeding

Abstract We evaluated the effect of winter feeding frequencies (F1: one daily meal; F2: two daily meals; F3: four daily meals; F4: continuous diurnal feeding using a belt feeder) on the growth performance, biochemical blood parameters, oxidative stress, and appetite-related genes in Takifugu rubripes held at a constant temperature (18.0 ± 1.0°C) for 60 days. The results showed that the final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and survival of tiger puffer in the F3 group showed the best growth performance. The total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels were significantly higher with the increased feeding frequency. We also observed the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase) and the digestive enzyme activities (trypsin, amylase, and lipase) in tiger puffers cultured in the F1 group were significantly higher than those in the F3 and F4 groups. In addition, the tiger puffers in the F1 group exhibited the highest expression of orexin and the lowest contents of glucose, tachykinin, cholecystokinin, and leptin among all the groups. In contrast, the mRNA levels of tachykinin, cholecystokinin, and leptin in the tiger puffers in the F4 group may be attributed to the negative feedback mechanism in the brain-hypothalamus-neuropeptide axis. All parameters exhibited relatively optimal levels in the F3 group. In conclusion, inappropriate feeding frequencies could have negative effects on growth and physiological indicators. The optimal feeding frequency for enhanced growth performance while maintaining a relatively good physical condition in juveniles of this species was four times a day.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation of Astaxanthin Improved the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Ability and Immune Response of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) Fed High-Fat Diet

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Shiwei Xie ◽  
Peng Yin ◽  
Lixia Tian ◽  
Yingying Yu ◽  
Yongjian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
High Fat

High-fat diet (HFD) usually induces oxidative stress and astaxanthin is regarded as an excellent anti-oxidant. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary astaxanthin supplementation on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant ability, and immune response of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed HFD. Four diets were formulated: the control diet (10.87% lipid, C), high-fat diet (18.08% lipid, HF), and HF diet supplemented with 75 and 150 mg kg−1 astaxanthin (HFA1 and HFA2, respectively). Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin improved the growth of fish fed HFD, also decreased hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio of fish fed HFD, while having no effect on body fat. Malondialdehyde content and superoxide dismutase activity were increased in fish fed HFD, astaxanthin supplementation in HFD decreased the oxidative stress of fish. The supplementation of astaxanthin in HFD also reduced the mRNA levels of Caspase 3, Caspase 9, BAD, and IL15. These results suggested that dietary astaxanthin supplementation in HFD improved the growth performance, antioxidant ability and immune response of largemouth bass.

scholarly journals Effects of Stocking Density and FeedingfFrequency on the Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Tissues Histology of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus♀×E. Lanceolatus♂)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Hai Huang ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Wenkan Liu ◽  
Honggan Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Feeding Frequency

Abstract A 6-week 5×2 factorial study was conducted to examine the effects of stocking density and feeding frequency on growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activity, and tissue histology of juvenile hybrid groupers raised in an indoor circulating water system. Triplicate groups of fish were reared in tanks following a factorial design consisting of ten treatments including 5 stocking densities (SD) [1.1 kg m−3(0.55 kg fish per tank, SD1.1), 2.2 kg m-3(1.1 kg fish per tank, SD2.2), 3.3 kg m−3(1.65 kg fish per tank, SD3.3), 4.4 kg m−3(2.2 kg fish per tank, SD4.4) and 5.5 kg m−3(2.75 kg fish per tank, SD 5.5)] and 2 feeding frequencies (FF) [3 meals a day (FF3) and 2 meals a day (FF2)]. The resulting 10 treatments were G1(SD1.1,FF3), G2(SD2.2,FF3), G3(SD3.3,FF3), G4(SD4.4,FF3), G5(SD5.5,FF3), G6(SD1.1,FF2), G7(SD2.2, FF2), G8(SD3.3, FF2), G9(SD4.4, FF2) andG10 (SD5.5, FF2). Feed consumption and temperature were recorded throughout the experiment. After 6 weeks, the results indicated that the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish in the G7 group were significantly higher than those of other groups (P< 0.05), followed by G1, with G3 being the lowest. Weight gain and specific growth rates were generally higher in fish fed twice a day than those fed three times a day. The variations in protein content between groups were consistent with the muscle protein content trends. Feeding frequency and stocking density had significant effects on serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides (TGs), and cholesterol (CHO) (P < 0.05). Regarding immune function, grouper albumin (ALB), serum lysozyme (LZY), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were significantly affected by stocking density and feeding frequency (P< 0.05). Pepsin and lipase activities in the stomach, intestine, and liver were also affected. The histological structure of the stomach, liver, and intestine in G1, G2, G7, and G8 fish was relatively normal, whereas those of the remaining groups exhibited varying degrees of damage. Overall, the optimum stocking densities were 1.343 kg/m3 (approximately 10 fish) and 2.004 kg/m3 (approximately 20-30 fish) when the fish were fed 3 and 2 times per day, respectively.

Regulation of IGF-I mRNA by GH: putative functions for class 1 and 2 message

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (2) ◽  
pp. E251-E258 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. O'Sullivan ◽  
T. A. M. Szestak ◽  
J. M. Pell
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Mature Mrna ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Exon 1 ◽  
Differential Increase

This study investigated mechanisms regulating hepatic insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I class 1 and 2 mRNA levels. Lambs were treated with growth hormone (GH) either as an acute, single dose or over a longer term. Total hepatic unspliced, pre-mRNA levels increased after the single dose of GH but were attenuated after 8 days of GH, with exon 1- and 2-derived pre-mRNA levels displaying coordinate responses. Surprisingly, changes in total spliced, mature mRNA levels did not reflect those for pre-mRNA, instead being augmented after 8 days of GH. GH also induced a differential increase in the ratio of mature class 2-to-class 1 IGF-I mRNA; therefore, this must be predominantly via posttranscriptional mechanisms. Increases in the ratio of class 2-to-class 1 mRNA were observed in polysomal vs. total RNA preparations derived from GH-treated but not control lambs, indicating an increased proportion of class 2 transcripts engaged in translation. Our findings indicate that GH may stabilize mature class 2 transcripts or destabilize mature class 1 transcripts and that class 2 mRNA may have a greater translational potential. The following two main functions of hepatic class 2 IGF-I mRNA are suggested: an efficient “monitor” of GH status via providing a rapid negative feedback mechanism and a coordinator of endocrine-regulated tissue growth.

Ultrastructural morphology of nontumorous lactotrophs in human pituitaries exposed to high prolactin levels

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 896-897
Author(s):  
S. Jalalah ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Ultrastructural Morphology ◽  
Transmission Electron

Lactotrophs, as many other endocrine cells, change their morphology in response to factors influencing their secretory activity. Secretion of prolactin (PRL) from lactotrophs, like that of other anterior pituitary hormones, is under the control of the hypothalamus. Unlike most anterior pituitary hormones, PRL has no apparent target gland which could modulate the endocrine activity of lactotrophs. It is generally agreed that PRL regulates its own release from lactotrophs via the short loop negative feedback mechanism exerted at the level of the hypothalamus or the pituitary. Accordingly, ultrastructural morphology of lactotrophs is not constant; it is changing in response to high PRL levels showing signs of suppressed hormone synthesis and secretion.By transmission electron microscopy and morphometry, we have studied the morphology of lactotrophs in nontumorous (NT) portions of 7 human pituitaries containing PRL-secreting adenoma; these lactotrophs were exposed to abnormally high PRL levels.

Copper-dependent ATP7B up-regulation drives the resistance of TMEM16A-overexpressing head-and-neck cancer models to platinum toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (24) ◽  
pp. 3705-3719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avani Vyas ◽  
Umamaheswar Duvvuri ◽  
Kirill Kiselyov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Platinum Resistance ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Platinum Compounds ◽  
Copper Chelation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Cancer Models

Platinum-containing drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin are routinely used for the treatment of many solid tumors including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, SCCHN resistance to platinum compounds is well documented. The resistance to platinum has been linked to the activity of divalent transporter ATP7B, which pumps platinum from the cytoplasm into lysosomes, decreasing its concentration in the cytoplasm. Several cancer models show increased expression of ATP7B; however, the reason for such an increase is not known. Here we show a strong positive correlation between mRNA levels of TMEM16A and ATP7B in human SCCHN tumors. TMEM16A overexpression and depletion in SCCHN cell lines caused parallel changes in the ATP7B mRNA levels. The ATP7B increase in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells was reversed by suppression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), by the antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) and by copper chelation using cuprizone and bathocuproine sulphonate (BCS). Pretreatment with either chelator significantly increased cisplatin's sensitivity, particularly in the context of TMEM16A overexpression. We propose that increased oxidative stress in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells liberates the chelated copper in the cytoplasm, leading to the transcriptional activation of ATP7B expression. This, in turn, decreases the efficacy of platinum compounds by promoting their vesicular sequestration. We think that such a new explanation of the mechanism of SCCHN tumors’ platinum resistance identifies novel approach to treating these tumors.

Growth performance and blood parameters of West African dwarf rams fed dried Ficus thonningii foliage as supplement to high quality cassava peel

Food Chain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-78
Author(s):  
Bazit Bakare ◽  
Olufemi Onifade ◽  
Victoria Ojo ◽  
Kafayat Adebayo ◽  
Anandan Samireddypalle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
West African ◽  
High Quality ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Ficus Thonningii ◽  
Cassava Peel
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