scholarly journals A Biochemiluminescent Assay for Rapid Diagnosis of Influenza

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuexiang Lin ◽  
Jia Gu
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Photomultiplier Tube ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Virus Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Neuraminidase Activity

Abstract Background: A biochemiluminescent assay of influenza diagnosis is presented. The assay diagnoses influenza based on detection of the influenza viral neuraminidase activity. An instrument designed for the assay is also reported. This assay solves the problem that current influenza virus diagnosis assays are susceptible to virus mutation. Methods: A luciferase-based complex is synthesized as biochemiluminescent substrate. The substrate is cleaved to free luciferin with presence of influenza neuraminidase in specimen. Luciferase is oxidized to oxyluciferin with luciferin as catalyzer resulting in luminescence, which is proportional to the neuraminidase activity and measured by instrument. The instrument uses a photomultiplier tube (PMT) as sensor, with 24 test channels. Fine optical arrangements enable the instrument with high sensitive and accuracy. Results: A total of 389 clinical specimens were collected to evaluate the performance of the assay in clinical settings. This assay had a sensitivity and specificity of 95.92% (95% confidence interval: 91.38%-98.12%) and 97.93% (95% confidence interval: 95.26%-99.11%), respectively, compared to the colloidal gold assay. Conclusion: As a biochemiluminscence assay, this assay is advantageous in sensitivity and specificify. It does not require any washing and separation steps, which makes the instrument simple in design and easy to operate or maintenance. The assay is suitable for the rapid diagnosis of influenza virus in POC settings.

Solid-phase immunoelectron microscopy for rapid diagnosis of enteroviruses

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 226-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pegg-Feige ◽  
F. W. Doane
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Virus Diagnosis ◽  
Antiviral Antibody

Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) applied to rapid virus diagnosis offers a more sensitive detection method than direct electron microscopy (DEM), and can also be used to serotype viruses. One of several IEM techniques is that introduced by Derrick in 1972, in which antiviral antibody is attached to the support film of an EM specimen grid. Originally developed for plant viruses, it has recently been applied to several animal viruses, especially rotaviruses. We have investigated the use of this solid phase IEM technique (SPIEM) in detecting and identifying enteroviruses (in the form of crude cell culture isolates), and have compared it with a modified “SPIEM-SPA” method in which grids are coated with protein A from Staphylococcus aureus prior to exposure to antiserum.

scholarly journals RS virus diagnosis: comparison of isolation, immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassay

1986 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilda M. Siqueira ◽  
Vanja Ferreira ◽  
Jussara P. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Virus Diagnosis ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Two techniques for rapid diagnosis, immunofluorescence (IFAT) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA), have been compared with virus isolaion in tissue culture for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in specimens of nasopharyngeal secretions. The specimens were obtained from children under five years of age suffering from acute respiratory iliness, during a period of six months from January to June 1982. Of 471 specimens examined 54 (11.5%) were positive by virus isolation and 180 (38.2%) were positive by immunofluorescence. The bacterial contamination of inoculated tissue cultures unfortunately prevented the isolation of virus from many samples. Specimens from 216 children were tested to compare enzyme immunoassay and immunofluorescence. Of these 60 (27%) were positive by EIA and 121 (56%) were positive by IFAT. Our results suggest that the EIA technique although highly specific is rather insensitive. This may be because by the time these tests were done the originl nasopharyngeal secretions were considerably diluted and contained more mucus fragments than the call suspension used for IFAT. Of the three techniques, IFAT gives the best results although EIA may be useful where IFAT is not possible.

scholarly journals Genotyping Influenza Virus by Next-Generation Deep Sequencing in Clinical Specimens

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon-Woo Seong ◽  
Sung Im Cho ◽  
Hyunwoong Park ◽  
Soo Hyun Seo ◽  
Seung Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Clinical Specimens

scholarly journals Rapid Diagnosis of Malaria by Antigen Detection

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Mesbah Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Akram Hossain ◽  
AKM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Md Murshed Alam ◽  
Abdul Hossain Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Malaria Antigen ◽  
Age And Sex

The study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Immunochromatographic test (ICT) for antigen, using microscopy as the "gold standard" method for diagnosis of malaria. A total of 98 clinically suspected malaria patients and another 30 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Thick and thin films were also prepared and examined under microscope as well as Immunochromatographic test (ICT) was performed for malaria antigen. Sensitivity and specificity of ICT for antigen were 93.22% and 94.87% respectively. Keywords: Detection of malaria antigen, Immunochromatographic test   doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2965 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 14-16

scholarly journals A Paper-Based IL-6 Test Strip Coupled With a Spectrum-Based Optical Reader for Differentiating Influenza Severity in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Wen Lin ◽  
Ching-Fen Shen ◽  
Ching-Chuan Liu ◽  
Chao-Min Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcome ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Optical Reader

Influenza virus infection is a major worldwide public health problem. Influenza virus infections are associated with a high hospitalization rate in children between the ages of 5 and 14. The predominant reason for poor influenza prognosis is the lack of any effective means for early diagnosis. Early diagnosis of severe illness is critical to improving patient outcome, and could be especially useful in areas with limited medical resources. Accurate, inexpensive, and easy-to-use diagnostic tools could improve early diagnosis and patient outcome, and reduce overall healthcare costs. We developed an interleukin-6 paper-based test strip that used colloidal gold-conjugated antibodies to detect human interleukin-6 protein. These complexes were captured on a paper-based test strip patterned with perpendicular T lines that were pre-coated with anti-human interleukin-6 antibodies. Applied serum samples interacted with these antibodies and presented as colored bands that could be read using a spectrum-based optical reader. The full-spectrum of the reflected light interleukin-6 protein signal could be obtained from the spectral optics module, and the standard could be used to quantitatively analyze interleukin 6 level in serum. We retrospectively evaluated 10 children (23 serum samples) with severe influenza virus infections, 26 children (26 serum samples) with mild influenza virus infections, and 10 healthy children (10 serum samples). Our system, the combined use of a paper-based test strip and a spectrum-based optical reader, provided both qualitative and quantitative information. When used with the optical reader, the detection limit was improved from a qualitative, naked-eye level of 400 pg/ml to a quantitative, optical reader level of 76.85 pg/ml. After monitoring serum interleukin-6 level via our system, we found a high correlation between our system results and those obtainable using a conventional sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (Rho = 0.706, p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity for differentiating between severe and mild influenza using our combined method (test strip coupled with optical reader) were 78.3 and 50.0%, respectively. When interleukin-6 was combined with serum C-reaction protein, the sensitivity and specificity were 85.7 and 95.5%, and the receiver operating characteristic area-under-the-curve was quite high (AUC = 0.911, p < 0.001). The potential advantages of our system, i.e., a paper-based test strip coupled with a spectrum-based optical reader, are as follows: 1) simple user operation; 2) rapid turnaround times–within 20 min; 3) high detection performance; and, 4) low-cost fabrication.

Sensitivity and Specificity of a Multimodal Approach for Concussion Assessment in Youth Athletes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tiffany Toong ◽  
Katherine E. Wilson ◽  
Anne W. Hunt ◽  
Shannon Scratch ◽  
Carol DeMatteo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Clinical Measures

Context: Current international consensus endorses a multimodal approach to concussion assessment. However, the psychometric evaluation of clinical measures used to identify postconcussion performance deficits once an athlete is asymptomatic remains limited, particularly in the pediatric population. Objective: To describe and compare the sensitivity and specificity of a multimodal assessment battery (balance, cognition, and upper and lower body strength) versus individual clinical measures at discriminating between concussed youth athletes and noninjured controls when asymptomatic. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Hospital laboratory setting. Participants: A total of 32 youth athletes with a concussion and 32 matched (age and sex) noninjured control participants aged 10–18 years. Intervention(s): Participants were administered preinjury (baseline) assessments of cognition (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing [ImPACT]), balance (BioSway), and upper and lower body strength (grip strength and standing long jump). Assessments were readministered when concussed participants reported symptom resolution (asymptomatic time point). Noninjured control participants were reassessed using the same time interval as their concussion matched pair. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using standardized regression-based methods and receiver operating characteristic curves. Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures included baseline and postinjury ImPACT, BioSway, grip strength, and standing long jump scores. Results: When asymptomatic, declines in performance on each individual clinical measure were seen in 3% to 22% of the concussion group (sensitivity = 3%–22%) compared with 3% to 13% of the noninjured control group (specificity = 87%–97%) (90% confidence interval). The multimodal battery of all combined clinical measures yielded a sensitivity of 41% and a specificity of 77% (90% confidence interval). Based on discriminative analyses, the multimodal approach was statistically superior compared with an individual measures approach for balance and upper and lower body strength, but not for cognition. Conclusions: Results provide a foundation for understanding which domains of assessment (cognition, balance, and strength) may be sensitive and specific to deficits once symptoms resolve in youth athletes. More work is needed prior to clinical implementation of a preinjury (baseline) to postinjury multimodal approach to assessment following concussion in youth athletes.

Enhancing effect of centrifugation on isolation of influenza virus from clinical specimens.

1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1669-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Seno ◽  
Y Kanamoto ◽  
S Takao ◽  
N Takei ◽  
S Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Clinical Specimens
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