scholarly journals Beta3-Adrenergic Receptor (β3-AR) Modulation Prior to and / or at the end of Sustained Ischaemia and / or Early Reperfusion May Prove to be a Valuable Cardioprotective Strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruduwaan Salie ◽  
Erna Marais ◽  
Amanda Lochner
Keyword(s):  
Late Phase ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Early Reperfusion ◽  
Intracellular Signal ◽  
End Stage

Abstract β3-AR activation contributes partly or may be solely responsible for ensuing cardiac damage in myocardial ischaemia or heart failure. This would largely depend on disease stage, severity, experimental model as well as drug specificities which should be considered when investigating β3-AR pharmacology for potential therapeutic applications. These conceptions largely contribute to the discrepancies of the subsequent role of β3-AR activation in the cardiovascular disease process. The β3-AR delivers a sustained intracellular signal because of its resistance to short term agonist promoted desensitization, making this receptor an ideal target for therapeutic intervention and in this manner protecting the heart from catecholamine overstimulation. The current communication highlights the importance of the cumulative effect of BRL (PerT) treatment, at the end stage of ischaemia as well as BRL (PostT) treatment, at the onset of reperfusion. This undoubtedly illustrate the significance of the end stage of ischaemia as well as the onset of reperfusion in the concept of ischaemia- reperfusion damage and the importance of the application of cardioprotective interventions at these time periods. Subsequently, if cardioprotective regimens are initiated during the late phase of ischaemia and continued into early reperfusion, it is likely that they will enhance protection, especially with longer durations of ischaemia.

scholarly journals Investigation of Bacteremia due toAeromonasSpecies and Comparison with That due to Enterobacteria in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Shizuma ◽  
Chiharu Tanaka ◽  
Hidezo Mori ◽  
Naoto Fukuyama
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Short Term ◽  
E Coli ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Clinical Background ◽  
End Stage

Background. The role ofAeromonasspecies (sp.) in bacteremia in Japanese patients with liver cirrhosis is poorly understood.Aim. To establish the importance ofAeromonassp. as a cause of bacteremia in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods. Clinical and serological features and short-term prognosis were retrospectively investigated and compared in Japanese patients with bacteremia due toAeromonassp. () and due to enterobacteria (E. coli, Klebsiellasp., andEnterobactersp.) ().Results. There were no significant differences in patients’ clinical background, renal dysfunction, or short-term mortality rate between the two groups. However, in theAeromonasgroup, the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and Child-Pugh score were significantly higher than in the enterobacteria group.Conclusion. These results indicate that the severity of liver dysfunction inAeromonas-induced bacteremia is greater than that in enterobacteria-induced bacteremia in Japanese patients with liver cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Liver Transplantation in Patients with Acute-onChronic Liver Failure: Challenging the Limits

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Diaz ◽  
Ezequiel Mauro ◽  
Maria Nelly Gutierrez-Acevedo ◽  
Adrian Gadano ◽  
Sebastian Marciano
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Organ Allocation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
End Stage

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is one of the main causes of death on the waiting list. Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative treatment for patients with ACLF and therefore it should be considered in all cases. However, the applicability of LT in patients with ACLF is challenging, given the scarcity of donors and the high short-term mortality of these patients. Organ allocation has traditionally been prioritised according to the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) system. However, the accuracy of MELD score is limited in patients with ACLF. In this article, the authors review the outcomes of patients with ACLF before and after LT, highlighting its clinical course, the feasibility of LT in the sickest patients, the role of the organ allocation system, and possible indicators of futility.

scholarly journals Surgical Treatment of Loffler Endocarditis in an 8-Year-Old Girl

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. E870-E872
Author(s):  
Zhangke Guo ◽  
Fan Fan ◽  
Pei Li ◽  
Xiaofeng Liu ◽  
Ning Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Cardiac Condition ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Stage Process

Background: Idiopathic hyper eosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disease characterized by a sustained increase in eosinophilia. Heart involvement is called Loffler endocarditis. Loffler endocarditis is a serious complication of hyper eosinophilia syndrome, which is characterized by a special type of fibrotic endocarditis. Loffler endocarditis is an inflammatory cardiac condition characterized by eosinophilic infiltration in the heart. The overall prognosis for patients with Loffler endocarditis is very poor. Methods: In this article we report an 8-year-old girl who was diagnosed as having Loffler endocarditis in thrombotic phase and was successfully treated with surgery. Results: Our patient had a good prognosis during the half-year follow-up. She had no symptoms of heart failure and echocardiography findings were normal. Conclusion: The cardiac damage occurred in a three-stage process: the necrotic, thrombotic, and fibrotic stages. This unusual but sometimes life-threatening disease is often detected in the late phase, resulting in no curative strategy available to reverse the disease process. The overall prognosis of patients with Loffler endocarditis is very poor. Current treatments include anticoagulation and anti-eosinophils therapy, and surgery only in selected cases. Surgical treatment of HES in adolescents is very rare. The present case illustrates that with well-controlled peripheral eosinophilia, proper surgical treatment in selected patients can improve their prognosis in the near future but long-term follow-up is necessary.

Role of affect in short-term memory for paired associates.

1968 ◽  
Vol 78 (3, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 494-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin F. Nodine ◽  
James H. Korn
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Paired Associates

MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF SARCOPENIA PATHOGENESIS IN CHRONOC KIDNEY DISEASE: INTEGRATED ROLE OF mTOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Gasanov
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Cytoskeleton Organization ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
End Stage

In recent decades, the main pathogenetic mechanisms for maintaining muscle mass and strength have been discovered. Most of the scientific papers on the molecular aspects of the  pathogenesis of sarcopenia were focused on the Akt-signaling  pathway. The subject of the study were people of elderly and senile  age, immobilized patients, patients with CKD 1-4 stages, animals. However, recently more attention has been paid to the role  of protein – the mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR. It seems to be a key link in the control of muscle mass and is a promising  marker in understanding the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of  sarcopenia. Its importance in protein metabolism in patients with  end stage kidney disease is not studied and requires further research. The presented scientific review contains  information on the role of mTOR and its components – mTORC1 and mTORC2 in maintaining muscle mass and strength in a healthy  person and in the formation of sarcopenia in patients with CKD. The  general aid of mTORC1 complex is regulation of protein production  which is necessary for cell growth and differentiation. mTORC2  complex functions are not enough studied. It is established that it  plays important role in such biological processes as cytoskeleton  organization, intracellular homeostasis maintaining, so it provides  cell resistance and cell survivability in negative external and internal  impulses. mTOR protein can be considered as promising molecular  marker in diagnostics of protein metabolism early disturbances in  patients with CKD and also as additory factor of sarcopenia severity assessment.

The capacity of short term memory from an evolutionary perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Manoochehri
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cognitive System ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Memory span in humans has been intensely studied for more than a century. In spite of the critical role of memory span in our cognitive system, which intensifies the importance of fundamental determinants of its evolution, few studies have investigated it by taking an evolutionary approach. Overall, we know hardly anything about the evolution of memory components. In the present study, I briefly review the experimental studies of memory span in humans and non-human animals and shortly discuss some of the relevant evolutionary hypotheses.

METHODOLOGY OF PLAYING ACTIVITY IN REHABILITATION PRACTICE

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2543-2548
Author(s):  
Petya Kasnakova
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Movement Skills ◽  
Movement Training ◽  
Motor Movement

The games play a special role in rehabilitation practice. The positive emotions they cause in patients cannot be achieved by other methods and means of modern rehabilitation. The role of game playing activity in practice is crucial to the achievement of one of the important tasks in implementing rehabilitation measures, namely to evacuate the patient from the depressed mental state, to distract him from the disease process and to focus on mobilizing his healing powers. The mood, the emotional charge and the dynamics that the games create are particularly suited to awakening the patient's interest in the healing process, their attraction and their active involvement in the rehabilitation activities. The connection between the actions in the game and the movements in the analytical exercises accelerates the formation of motor habits, physical qualities and skills not only in children but also in adult patients with various pathological injuries. Rehabilitation games are suitable for all ages by enhancing the health of the occupants, developing their mental qualities, improving the activity of the vestibular, visual and motor analyzers. The basis of the motor movement training game methodology and the improvement of motor movement skills is the activation of the thought processes and emotional experiences, the development of the functions of the musculoskeletal system, the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system.

Impact of FII’s and FDI’s on Indian Stock Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Kamlesh Kumar Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Earnings Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bull Market ◽  
Indian Stock Market

FIIs are companies registered outside India. In the past four years there has been more than $41 trillion worth of FII funds invested in India. This has been one of the major reasons on the bull market witnessing unprecedented growth with the BSE Sensex rising 221% in absolute terms in this span. The present downfall of the market too is influenced as these FIIs are taking out some of their invested money. Though there is a lot of value in this market and fundamentally there is a lot of upside in it. For long-term value investors, there’s little because for worry but short term traders are adversely getting affected by the role of FIIs are playing at the present. Investors should not panic and should remain invested in sectors where underlying earnings growth has little to do with financial markets or global economy.

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