scholarly journals A Review on Potentials of Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Forecasting COVID-19 Spreading

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad (Behdad) Jamshidi ◽  
Sobhan Roshani ◽  
Jakub Talla ◽  
Ali Lalbakhsh ◽  
Zdeněk Peroutka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
One And Many ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

Abstract COVID-19 is by now one of the deadliest public health issues that as per the last announcement of the World Health Organization up to January 21, 2021, has infected more than 108,904,983 people and claimed more than 2,398,339 lives worldwide. Although different vaccines have proved and distributed one after another, several new mutated viruses have been detected, such as the new COVID-19 variant detected in the UK. Since new variants can spread so faster than the previous one and many other strains may come, it is necessary to focus on the effective methods that are able to predict the spreading trends quickly. Regarding the considerable progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI), utilizing AI-based techniques with a concentration on Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML), which can forecast complex trends like epidemiological issues, are proposed to conquer the problems existing in statistical or conventional techniques. In this respect, the present paper reviews the recent peer-reviewed published articles and preprint reports about solutions that could efficiently address COVID-19 spread with a focus on the state-of-the-art and AI-based methods. The results revealed that methods under discussion in this paper have had significant potentials to predict epidemic diseases like COVID-19 as well as its mutations; however, there are still weaknesses and drawbacks that fall in the domain of future research and scientific endeavors.

scholarly journals IR 4.0 TECHNOLOGY: JEWEL IN PANDEMIC ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
pp. 240-247
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shamsul Abd Aziz ◽  
Nor Azlina Mohd Noor ◽  
Khadijah Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID 19) was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The rapidly spreading coronavirus outbreak around the world had forced the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare COVID 19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Crisis management for COVID 19 requires an integrated and realistic approach, and a focus on technology can assist matters to become more efficient. Although IR 4.0 technology is widely used in dealing with pandemic crises, the relevant laws relating to intellectual property laws, especially copyrights and patents with this technology must continue to be protected. This article discusses IR 4.0 technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain as applied in the era of pandemics and intellectual property protection associated with this technology. For this purpose, this article applies library research methodology by analyzing primary and secondary sources. This article concludes that IR 4.0 technology such as artificial intelligence and blockchain is seen as jewels in the era of pandemics because as with the use of this technology, human communication can be reduced. In addition, this technology can also reduce dependence on manpower. Improvements to intellectual property laws can be done in providing more protection against this IR 4.0 technology.

Marketing matters

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 280-280
Author(s):  
Ruth Oshikanlu
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Visitors ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

When 2020 was declared by the World Health Organization as the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife, health visitors in the UK planned events to celebrate nursing. How can we raise the profile of our honourable profession more effectively?

Have interventions been effective at increasing the rates of breastfeeding in the UK?

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 312-319
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Shortis
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
World Health ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
The World ◽  
Breastfeeding Rates ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Combined Interventions

Background The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life; however, UK breastfeeding rates are some of the lowest worldwide. As such, various interventions have been trialled, aiming to increase breastfeeding rates. Aims To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to increase breastfeeding rates in the UK and determine the features of successful interventions. Methods A literature search was performed, using four databases. The results were refined by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two additional articles were recognised by scanning the references sections of identified studies, resulting in 12 articles for review. Findings Support-based interventions had predominantly insignificant effects upon breastfeeding rates. Incentives were associated with increases in rates, while combined interventions had mixed success. The interventions were well received by mothers and clinicians and may help to normalise breastfeeding. Conclusions Future interventions should provide targeted, personalised support to overcome breastfeeding difficulties, and reward mothers for their efforts.

scholarly journals The prevalence of dental erosion in 5-year-old preschoolers in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vellore Kannan Gopinath
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Dental Erosion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Tooth Erosion ◽  
The World ◽  
Erosion Index ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of 5-year-old preschoolers in Sharjah, affected by dental erosion and to assess the predictors. Materials and Methods: A total of 403 5-year-old children were examined of which 48.14% (n = 194) were boys and 51.86% (n = 209) were girls; 31.27% (n = 126) were Emirati and 68.73% (n = 277) were non-Emirati Arabs. Examination of dental erosion was confined to palatal surfaces of maxillary incisors using the erosion index described in the UK National Survey of Children's Dental Health, 1993. Dental caries was charted using the World Health Organization 1997 criteria. Results: In the sample of 403 5-year-old preschoolers examined, dental erosion was apparent in 237 (58.80%) children, with 55.09% showing the dissolution of enamel and 3.72% exhibiting exposed dentin. Predictors of dental erosion as determined by logistic regression concluded that compared to Emirati citizens other Arab nationalities have 0.27 times the odds (95% confidence interval [CI] =0.18–0.42) of having tooth erosion (P < 0.05). Children with caries experience have 0.28 times the odds (95% CI = 0.16–0.51) of having tooth erosion compared to children with no caries experience (P < 0.05). Children who drink sugary or carbonated beverages have 0.30 times the odds (95% CI = 0.19–0.41) of having dental erosion compared to children who drink water (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that 58.80% of 5-year-old preschoolers in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, were affected by dental erosion. Caries experience and consumption of acidic drinks were associated with dental erosion.

scholarly journals Outbreak column 21: Tuberculosis (TB): Still a nosocomial threat

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Evonne T Curran
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission ◽  
National Guidance ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

This outbreak column explores the epidemiology and infection prevention guidance on tuberculosis (TB) in the UK. The column finds that, at present, national guidance leaves UK hospitals ill-prepared to prevent nosocomial TB transmission. Reasons for this conclusion are as follows: (1) while TB is predominantly a disease that affects people with ‘social ills’, it has the potential to infect anyone who is sufficiently exposed; (2) nosocomial transmission is documented throughout history; (3) future nosocomial exposures may involve less treatable disease; and (4) current UK guidance is insufficient to prevent nosocomial transmission and is less than that advocated by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Models of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) to Control the Transmission Based on Current Evidence: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Arora ◽  
Rishabh Jain ◽  
Harendra Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Real Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Epidemiological Models ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

In Wuhan city of China, an episode of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) happened. during late December and it has quickly spread to all places in the world. Until May 29, 2020, cases were high in the USA with 1.7 Million, Russia with approximately 387 thousand, the UK with 271 thousand confirmed cases. Everybody on the planet is anxious to know when the coronavirus pandemic will end. In this scourge, most nations force extreme medication measures to contain the spread of COVID-19. Modeling has been utilized broadly by every national government and the World Health Organization in choosing the best procedures to seek after in relieving the impacts of COVID-19. Many epidemiological models are studied to understand the spread of the illness and its prediction to find maximum capacity for human-to-human transmission so that control techniques can be adopted. Also, arrangements for the medical facilities required such as hospital beds and medical supplies can be made in advance. Many models are used to anticipate the results keeping in view the present scenario. There is an urgent need to study the various models and their impacts. In this study, we present a systematic literature review on epidemiological models for the outbreak of novel coronavirus in India. The epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 is also studied. Here, In addition, an attempt to take out the results from the exploration and comparing it with the real data. The study helps to choose the models that are progressive and dependable to predict and give legitimate methods for various strategies.

scholarly journals United Kingdom–East and Southern Africa Partnership at the Forefront of Developing the First Ever Test that Measures Patient Tuberculosis Burden in Hours

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Wilber Sabiiti
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
World Health ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

  Mycobacterium tuberculosis has caused tuberculosis (TB) in humans for at least 3 millennia, but the disease has evaded eradication efforts by all human civilisations despite promising technological advancements. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target of ending the TB epidemic by 2035. Going by the current rate of progress, it is estimated that it will take another 160 years to realise the WHO End TB Strategy’s target. Accelerating the eradication of TB will require effective tools for diagnosis, vaccines and medicines to treat the disease, and efficient implementation thereof. This presents a great opportunity for innovators in East Africa and the world over to chip in and develop the best technologies to end TB. With funding from the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), partnerships between the UK-based University of St Andrews and research institutions in East and Southern Africa have led to the development of the first ever test – the molecular bacterial load assay (MBLA) – that measures the number of TB bacteria in a patient and reveals if this number is declining as a patient progresses on treatment. Initial assay results are available within 4 hours. Real-time knowledge of patient mycobacterial burden and the effectiveness of prescribed medications are crucial for timely clinical decisions on patient management.

scholarly journals United Kingdom–East and Southern Africa Partnership at the Forefront of Developing the First Ever Test that Measures Patient Tuberculosis Burden in Hours

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Wilber Sabiiti
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
World Health ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

  Mycobacterium tuberculosis has caused tuberculosis (TB) in humans for at least 3 millennia, but the disease has evaded eradication efforts by all human civilisations despite promising technological advancements. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target of ending the TB epidemic by 2035. Going by the current rate of progress, it is estimated that it will take another 160 years to realise the WHO End TB Strategy’s target. Accelerating the eradication of TB will require effective tools for diagnosis, vaccines and medicines to treat the disease, and efficient implementation thereof. This presents a great opportunity for innovators in East Africa and the world over to chip in and develop the best technologies to end TB. With funding from the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), partnerships between the UK-based University of St Andrews and research institutions in East and Southern Africa have led to the development of the first ever test – the molecular bacterial load assay (MBLA) – that measures the number of TB bacteria in a patient and reveals if this number is declining as a patient progresses on treatment. Initial assay results are available within 4 hours. Real-time knowledge of patient mycobacterial burden and the effectiveness of prescribed medications are crucial for timely clinical decisions on patient management.

scholarly journals Evolution of COVID19 new cases in 16 countries and Scenarios for Brazil using metaphorical analysis of Board, Inverted Pyramid and Papyri

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Gomes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Inverted Pyramid ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Metaphorical Analysis

Since the end of 2019, the world has become aware of a new virus that has emerged in China, which in February 2020 was called by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2019) as Coronavirus disease (COVID19). Due to its fast transmission, at 18:32 (GMT) on March 29, 2020, the world has officially accounted for about 710,950 new confirmed cases with 33,553 deaths and 150,734 recovered cases (Worldometers, 2020). The pandemic has become the newest challenge for several nations, especially the USA, Italy, China, Spain, Germany, Iran, for being the most affected, and since Brazil is a continental country with disabilities in its Unified Health System, it could be in the next two months among the five most affected. Thus, the main objective of the research is analyze the evolution of new cases of COVID19 in 16 countries to present short-term scenarios and recommendations for Brazil to face the pandemic. The research is applied, as its results and recommendations can be applied with adaptation by government authorities, business managers and citizens. The research is descriptive, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, based on bibliographic and documentary research, involving the study of articles, reports, manuals and other technical documents related to the subject. For the creation of scenarios, data collection focused on the number of new cases registered in 16 countries, including Brazil, as well as in the development of an approach using metaphorical analysis of the Board, the Inverted Pyramid and Papyri. The main conclusion is that even though no country is prepared to face epidemics and pandemics (NTI, JHU and EIU, 2019), among the 16 countries investigated, Thailand, Finland, Australia, South Korea, Denmark and Sweden are benchmarks that Brazil could study in order not to repeat the scenarios of China, USA, Italy and Spain. At the end, ten recommendations are made for future research and also to public and private managers.

scholarly journals On the Delta Plus Variant of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Selia Chowdhury ◽  
Mehedi Hasan Bappy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Health Organization

The unprecedented consequences brought by the COVID pandemic are still going on, the virus hasn’t been tamed yet. It is evolving through mutations to consistently being a risk to public health. Recently, the Delta variant has been declared as the variant of concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this article, a subvariant of Delta known as Delta Plus has been presented to provide a relevant foundation for future research works. The evolution, pathogenesis, associated symptoms, suggested prevention and treatments, vaccine efficacy, and current trends of transmission of Delta Plus variant of SARS-CoV-2 are reviewed and discussed.

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