Melatonin, the Pineal Gland, and Circadian Rhythms

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent M. Cassone
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Pineal Gland

PEPTIDE REGULATES HUMAN CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS GENES EXPRESSION DURING PINEAL GLAND ACCELERATED AGING

2020 ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
О. М. Ивко ◽  
Н. С. Линькова ◽  
А. Р. Ильина ◽  
А. А. Шарова ◽  
Г. А. Рыжак
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Circadian Genes ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Genes Expression

Ночная работа приводит к десинхронизации биоритмов, нарушению мелатонинобразующей функции и ускоренному старению эпифиза человека. Одним из перспективных геропротекторов, восстанавливающих синтез эпифизарного мелатонина, является пептид AEDG ( Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly ). Последний в 1,7 раза повышает экскрецию 6-сульфатоксимелатонина в моче людей среднего возраста, у которых этот показатель исходно снижен. Кроме того, у людей со сниженной мелатонинобразующей функцией эпифиза, пептид AEDG нормализует повышенную экспрессию циркадных генов Clock и Csnk 1 e в лейкоцитах и в 2 раза повышает сниженную экспрессию гена Cry 2 в лимфоцитах крови. В основе геропротекторного эффекта пептида AEDG лежит его способность восстанавливать мелатонинобразующую функцию эпифиза через регуляцию экспрессии часовых генов человека. Night work provides biorhythms desynchronization, disorder of melatonin-producing function and accelerated pineal gland aging. One of the promising geroprotectors restoring the pineal melatonin synthesis is the AEDG ( Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly ) peptide. AEDG peptide increases in 1,7 times the 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SOMT) excretion in the urine of middle-aged people. Moreover, AEDG peptide normalized circadian Clock and Csnk1e genes hyper expression in leukocytes in 1,9-2,1 times and increases the Cry 2 gene hypo expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes in 2 times in people with reduced melatonin-producing epiphysis function. The geroprotective effect of the AEDG peptide is based on its ability to restore the epiphysis melatonin-producing function by means regulation of human circadian genes expression.

scholarly journals Role and Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin in the Central Nervous System and Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1567
Author(s):  
Sangiliyandi Gurunathan ◽  
Min-Hee Kang ◽  
Jin-Hoi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

Melatonin (MLT) is a powerful chronobiotic hormone that controls a multitude of circadian rhythms at several levels and, in recent times, has garnered considerable attention both from academia and industry. In several studies, MLT has been discussed as a potent neuroprotectant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative agent with no serious undesired side effects. These characteristics raise hopes that it could be used in humans for central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. MLT is mainly secreted in the mammalian pineal gland during the dark phase, and it is associated with circadian rhythms. However, the production of MLT is not only restricted to the pineal gland; it also occurs in the retina, Harderian glands, gut, ovary, testes, bone marrow, and lens. Although most studies are limited to investigating the role of MLT in the CNS and related disorders, we explored a considerable amount of the existing literature. The objectives of this comprehensive review were to evaluate the impact of MLT on the CNS from the published literature, specifically to address the biological functions and potential mechanism of action of MLT in the CNS. We document the effectiveness of MLT in various animal models of brain injury and its curative effects in humans. Furthermore, this review discusses the synthesis, biology, function, and role of MLT in brain damage, and as a neuroprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer agent through a collection of experimental evidence. Finally, it focuses on the effect of MLT on several neurological diseases, particularly CNS-related injuries.

scholarly journals Increase in 6-Hydroxymelatonin Excretion in Humans during Ascent to High Altitudes

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 4388-4390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herwig Frisch ◽  
Franz Waldhauser ◽  
Thomas Waldhör ◽  
Andrea Müllner-Eidenböck ◽  
Pritam Neupane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Lower Altitude

Melatonin (MLT), the pineal gland hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, shows characteristic diurnal variation. Its physiological role in humans is not clear. Exposure to high altitudes may disrupt the circadian rhythm and lead to various endocrine changes. MLT in humans has not been studied under these conditions. Urinary 6-hydroxy-MLT sulfate (aMT6s) excretion was analyzed during the day (0700–2200 h) and night (2200–0700 h) phases. A cohort of 33 healthy volunteers, aged 19–65 yr, was studied during an ascent to a high altitude in the Himalayas on three occasions (at a lower altitude, at 3400 m, and after reaching maximal altitudes of 5600–6100 m). aMT6s excretion during the daytime remained unchanged during exposure to high altitudes. As expected, nocturnal values were higher than diurnal values at each point in time. However, there was a significant increase in nocturnal MLT excretion after the ascent to high altitudes. Ascent to high altitudes is associated with increased nocturnal excretion of aMT6s. The mechanism and physiological significance of this MLT increase are unclear.

Pineal gland

2018 ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Helen E. Turner ◽  
Richard Eastell ◽  
Ashley Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Seasonal Rhythms ◽  
The Third ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits

This chapter describes the pineal gland’s structure, related hormones, and physiology. The pineal gland (epiphysis cerebri) is a small (100–150 mg in humans), unpaired central structure. The mammalian pineal is a secretory organ, whereas in fish and amphibians it is directly photoreceptive (the ‘third eye’) and in reptiles and birds it has a mixed photoreceptor and secretory function. The main mammalian cell type is the pinealocyte, considered to have evolved from photoreceptor cells. This chapter discusses melatonin’s metabolism, and the pineal gland’s function in seasonal rhythms and circadian rhythms. It discusses pineal gland-related pathology, including tumours and cancer. The chapter also discusses the use of melatonin, in clinical practice, describing the hormone’s therapeutic benefits in circadian rhythm disorders.

Loss of Serotonin Circadian Rhythms in the Pineal Gland of Androgenized Female Rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Walker ◽  
Paola S. Timiras
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Female Rats
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