Life-Cycle Costs of Selected Uniformed Health Professions (Phase II: The Impact of Constraints and Policies on the Optimal-Mix-of-Accession Model)

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayne Brannman ◽  
Eric W. Christensen ◽  
Ronald H. Nickel ◽  
Cori Rattelman ◽  
Richard D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
The Impact

Design for Serviceability Expert System

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bryan ◽  
Charles Eubanks ◽  
Kosuke Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Computer Tool ◽  
Compatibility Analysis ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Life Cycle Design ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Service Mode ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper describes a methodology and tool which assist deployment of serviceability in the early stages of life-cycle design. Unlike design for assembly, producability, etc., design for serviceability (DFS) commonly occurs in the later stages of the design process. By this time, any design changes required to enhance serviceability are either costly or infeasible. We have developed a graphics-based computer tool to be used early in the design phase that employs the concept of service mode analysis (SMA), coupled with a service-based design description, to assess the impact of component relationships on life-cycle service costs. We also employ design compatibility analysis (DCA) to assess qualitative aspects of the design for serviceability concerns and provide the user with comments and suggestions for design improvements. Significant reductions in life-cycle costs and significant improvements in customer satisfaction can be achieved by including DFS in the design trade-off analysis process.

scholarly journals Application of the LifeRoSE Method in Funcionality Evaluation of Road Safety Equipment

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-65
Author(s):  
Anna Gobis ◽  
Kazimierz Jamroz ◽  
Łukasz Jeliński
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Safety Equipment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Road Marking

AbstractThe article presents a mathematical model of the life cycle estimation method of road safety equipment. Then the model was adjusted to estimate the life cycle costs of the chosen horizontal road marking. Using the LCC method, the functionality of the horizontal marking was evaluated in terms of efficiency, durability and economic effectiveness. The article also presents the impact of selected factors on the life cycle costs of the horizontal road marking.

Reduction of Life-cycle Costs of Locomotives by Leaning Maintenance Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (188) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Anna Butor ◽  
Krzysztof Labisz
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Lean Tools ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maintenance Process

Increasing the role of rail in balancing the transport of goods is a big challenge all over the world nowadays. Statistics clearly show a large disproportion of the volume transported by various means of inland transport where the railway business is still in the minority. One of the reasons is the cost of transported goods. It is important to know how costs affecting the final price of transported goods by rail are divided in order to reduce them. This paper presents the possibility of using life cycle costs of the product in order to take productivity to the next level and save considerable amounts of time, money, and resources. The aim of this article is to define what are Life Cycle Costs and if lean tools may be applied in transport companies. The research has been conducted over the number of years in one of the largest rail freight operator in Poland. The main goal of the investigation was to analyze costs of the diesel locomotive maintenance process in a whole lifecycle and investigate the impact of using lean tools on those costs. In this project lean tools such as: Standard Work Combination Sheet, Spaghetti diagram, Visual Management, Cause and Effect Diagram, PDCA, 5S, standardization cards were used. For better analysis Voice of the Customer and Critical to Quality tools were added. The results of this analysis are presented in this paper and prove the big impact on reducing time, improving product quality as well as integrating people, data, processes and business systems. The use of lean is deliberate because it can lead to 50% cost reduction of the P1 maintenance level on diesel locomotives with a significant reduction of working hours up to 60%. The outcome of this analysis should help the company to achieve a significant reduction in the cost of maintaining locomotives, which will contribute to a lower cost of transporting goods by rail. Keywords: lean management, life cycle costs, locomotive maintenance process

An Alternative Approach to PV System Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Solar Energy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Larsen ◽  
Jennifer Szaro ◽  
William Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
The Impact

This analysis uses actual installed system costs from available data to better assess and understand the real installed and life cycle costs for small-scale photovoltaic (PV) installations. Most PV systems are sold on the basis of first cost, but in addition to these first costs, system owners must consider operation and maintenance (O&M) costs and down time, as well as energy savings [1]. The challenge in developing realistic life cycle costs is that most databases have only new data available, and only one database — that maintained by the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) — contains performance information along with cost and maintenance data. The goals of this effort are to: 1. Characterize the actual life cycle costs (LCC) of PV systems installed in Florida and tracked since 1998. 2. Develop a benchmark of PV LCC that will aid in prioritizing cost improvement steps and feed into the U.S. Department of Energy and its subcontractors’ efforts to develop a baseline for grid-connected small residential and larger commercial PV system costs. 3. Develop an easy to use and modify LCC model that allows sensitivity analysis and input of new data as it becomes available. The PV system LCC model developed and used here is based on statistical methods, which provide us with a range of expected outcomes. The Monte Carlo technique allows the use of repeated simulation iterations to mimic a population sample. For inputs, the model relies largely on data from FSEC’s performance and maintenance databases, and where appropriate simplifying assumptions are explained. Beyond establishing an LCC baseline, this project considers the sensitivity of the total LCC to various inputs and thereby provides guidance on the question of where to put valuable resources to substantially reduce PV system costs. Further discussion is offered concerning the additional value of this model in determining the impact of various methods of PV system performance tracking.

scholarly journals Development of engineering and energy infrastructure of a large city: the concept of life cycle costs

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-193
Author(s):  
A. O. Berezin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Large City ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Energy Infrastructure ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the development directions of the engineering and energy infrastructure of a large city, including digital transformation. The author has identified the constraining factors of development. An approach to assessing digital solutions in the housing and communal services sector of a large city from the standpoint of analyzing the life cycle costs of engineering and energy infrastructure facilities is proposed. There has been evaluated the impact of digital transformation on various cost items when creating / maintaining facilities of engineering and energy infrastructure.

scholarly journals Truck Platooning on Flexible Pavements in Illinois

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad Al-Qadi ◽  
◽  
Egemen Okte ◽  
Aravind Ramakrishnan ◽  
Qingwen Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Pavement Damage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pavement Service Life

Truck platoons have many benefits over traditional truck mobility. Truck platoons have the potential to improve safety and reduce fuel consumption between 5% and 15%, based on platoon configuration. In Illinois, trucks carry more than 50% of freight tonnage and constitute 25% of the traffic on interstates. Therefore, expected fuel savings would be significant for trucks. Deployment of truck platoons within interstate highways may have a direct effect on flexible pavement performance, as the time between consecutive axle loads (i.e., resting time) is expected to decrease significantly. Moreover, platoons could potentially accelerate pavement damage accumulation due to trucks’ channelized position, decreasing pavement service life and increasing maintenance and rehabilitation costs. The main objective of this project was to quantify the effects of truck platoons on pavements and to provide guidelines to control corresponding potential pavement damage. Finite-element models were utilized to quantify the impact of rest period on pavement damage. Recovered and accumulated strains were predicted by fitting exponential functions to the calculated strain profiles. The results suggested that strain accumulation was negligible at a truck spacing greater that 10 ft. A new methodology to control pavement damage due to truck platoons was introduced. The method optimizes trucks’ lateral positions on the pavements, and an increase in pavement service life could be achieved if all platoons follow this optimization method. Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis were conducted for fully autonomous, human-driven, and mixed-traffic regimes. For example, for an analysis period of 45 years, channelized truck platoons could save life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 28% and 21% compared with human-driven trucks, respectively. Furthermore, optimum truck platoon configuration could reduce life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 48% and 36%, respectively, compared with human-driven trucks. In contrast, channelized traffic could increase pavement roughness, increasing fuel consumption by 15%, even though platooning vehicles still benefit from reduction in air drag forces. Given that truck platoons are expected to be connected only in the first phase, no actions are required by the agency. However, in the second phase when truck platoons are also expected to be autonomous, a protocol for driving trends should be established per the recommendation of this study.

Managing Reliability Improvement in the U.S. Navy’s Marine Gas Turbine Generator Sets

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis M. Russom ◽  
Keith Mummaw ◽  
Ivan Pineiro
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Reliability Improvement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Generator Sets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Gas Turbine Generator Sets (GTGs) provide electrical power for the U.S. Navy’s DDG-51 Class ships. These GTGs, packaged by Rolls Royce and powered by the Rolls Royce 501-K34, have been the subject of substantial, well-documented improvement efforts. This paper discusses the processes used to evaluate reliability and identify problematic components. It describes corrective actions that have been made to date and lays out a plan for the future. It goes on to discuss the impact that each improvement has made to GTG reliability and life cycle costs while attempting to project future impact.

River-Basin Planning for Control of Nitrate Pollution

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S Sinnott ◽  
D G Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
Regional Basis ◽  
The Impact

The combination of increasing nitrate concentrations in the River Thames and the recent EEC Directive on the acceptable level in potable water is posing a potential problem. In assessing the impact of nitrates on water-resource systems, extensive use has been made of time-series analysis and simulation. These techniques are being used to define the optimal mix of alternatives for overcoming the problem on a regional basis.

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