Effects of Ammonium Perchlorate Exposure in Pregnant Rats: A Morphometric Analysis of the Thyroid Gland of Rat Pups

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Baker ◽  
David R. Mattie ◽  
Kathleen L. MacMahon
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Rat Pups

Effect of prenatal isoxsuprine on pulmonary oxygen toxicity in the newborn rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Frank ◽  
J. Summerville ◽  
D. Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxygen Toxicity ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Hyperoxic Exposure

Isoxsuprine, a beta-sympathomimetic agent used clinically to delay premature parturition and to possibly accelerate fetal lung maturation, was administered to pregnant rats at 48 and 24 h prior to delivery. Newborn rats were placed in 96-98% O2 (or room air) to determine if the prenatal isoxsuprine treatment compromised their tolerance to prolonged hyperoxic exposure. (Exogenous catecholamines are known to exacerbate O2 toxicity in adult animals). Survival of the isoxsuprine-treated pups in O2 (52%) was no different than for control neonates exposed to hyperoxia for 7 days (57%) (P = 0.22). Body weight, lung weight, lung protein, and DNA content of the newborns were also not altered by the prenatal isoxsuprine treatment. Lung antioxidant enzyme activities for superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were the same at birth in the isoxsuprine-treated and control rat pups, and the enzyme activities increased in response to hyperoxic exposure in each group to an equivalent degree. Thus, in utero treatment with isoxsuprine had no apparent adverse effect on newborn rats exposed to a prolonged O2 challenge.

scholarly journals Gestational Monosodium Glutamate Exposure Effects on Anogenital Distance of Male Rat Pups

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelya Permata Sari ◽  
Cimi Ilmiawati ◽  
Mohamad Reza
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Anogenital Distance ◽  
Estrogen Level ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
The Impact

High-dose Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) expo sure increases the estrogen level in pregnant rats. However, there are limited data available on whether the MSG-related maternal hormonal effects can affect male litters' genitalia phenotype. This study aimed to analyze the impact of MSG on estrogen level in pregnant rats and anogenital distance in male pups. Experiment for this study was performed at the animal facility of Biomedical Laboratory at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, from April 2019 to February 2020. Pregnant Wistar rats were given MSG orally at 2 and 4 mg/g body weight (BW) for 20 days. On day 21, pregnant rats were sacrificed and blood was drawn intracardially. Estradiol serum level was measured by ELISA. Male pups were counted, and the anogenital distance (AGD) was measured. Maternal serum estradiol levels were statistically analyzed by One-Way ANOVA and the AGD of male litters were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results showed that perinatal MSG exposure increased the estradiol level (26.3±4.5 pg/ml; 37.5±6.7 pg/ml; 62.1±8.2 pg/ml in control, 2 mg/g BW, and 4 mg/g BW group, respectively [mean±SD; p=<0.001]) and decreased the AGD (4 mm; 3 mm; 1.5 mm in control, 2 mg/g BW, and 4 mg/gBW group, respectively [median; p=<0.01]) in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, MSG exposure during pregnancy is a risk factor for male rat feminization.

scholarly journals Effect of Preeclampsia on Ultrastructure of Thyroid Gland, Hepatic Type 1 Iodothyronine Deiodinase, and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yunlu Liu ◽  
Zhuping Xu ◽  
Yanqin Li ◽  
Wenyan Jiang ◽  
Ming Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Iodothyronine Deiodinase ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Thyroid Follicular Cells

Background. Although hypothyroidism during pregnancy may develop grave outcomes for both mothers and offspring, management of which is still a challenge due to the insufficient understanding of this disease. The close correlation between hypothyroidism and preeclampsia is well documented, suggesting that preeclampsia is a potential risk factor for the development of maternal hypothyroidism. However, the exact role of preeclampsia in gestational hypothyroidism is still obscure. Objective. In this study, we explored the possible mechanisms of the effect of preeclampsia on thyroid function of maternal rats. Methods. Thirty pregnant rats were randomly divided into normal pregnancy control (NOP), preeclampsia (PE), and preeclampsia supplemented with amlodipine besylate (PEAml). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester was used to induce preeclamptic symptoms. On gestational day 21, rats were sacrificed, and then, the ultrastructure of the thyroid gland, type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio1) expression, and serum-free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid stimulation hormones (TSH) were assessed. Results. Compared to NOP rats, results of PE rats showed that thyroid follicular cells’ ultrastructure was damaged; both hepatic Dio1 mRNA and protein levels were decreased. Interestingly, these changes were ameliorated in PEAml rats. Additionally, FT4, FT3, and TSH levels have no significant differences among groups. Conclusion. These findings indicated that preeclampsia could disrupt synthesis, secretion, and metabolism function of thyroid hormones by damaging thyroid follicular cells and interfering Dio1 expression.

scholarly journals Perinatal nicotine exposure impairs ability of newborn rats to autoresuscitate from apnea during hypoxia

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 2066-2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Fewell ◽  
Francine G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Perinatal Exposure ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Rat Pups

Failure to autoresuscitate by hypoxic gasping during prolonged sleep apnea has been suggested to play a role in sudden infant death. Furthermore, maternal smoking has been repeatedly shown to be a risk factor for sudden infant death. The present experiments were carried out on newborn rat pups to investigate the influence of perinatal exposure to nicotine (the primary pharmacological and addictive agent in tobacco) on their time to last gasp during a single hypoxic exposure and on their ability to autoresuscitate during repeated exposure to hypoxia. Pregnant rats received either nicotine (6 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ 24 h−1) or vehicle continuously from day 6 of gestation to days 5 or 6 postpartum via an osmotic minipump. On days 5 or 6 postpartum, pups were exposed either to a single period of hypoxia (97% N2-3% CO2) and their time to last gasp was determined, or they were exposed repeatedly to hypoxia and their ability to autoresuscitate from primary apnea was determined. Perinatal exposure to nicotine did not alter the time to last gasp, but it did impair the ability of pups to autoresuscitate from primary apnea. After vehicle, the pups were able to autoresuscitate from 18 ± 1 (SD) periods of hypoxia, whereas, after nicotine, the pups were able to autoresuscitate from only 12 ± 2 periods ( P < 0.001) of hypoxia. Thus our data provide evidence that perinatal exposure to nicotine impairs the ability of newborn rats to autoresuscitate from primary apnea during repeated exposure to hypoxia, such as may occur during episodes of prolonged sleep apnea.

THE TRANSPLACENTAL PASSAGE OF THYROXINE AND FOETAL THYROID FUNCTION IN THE RAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Gray ◽  
Valerie Anne Galton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Transplacental Passage ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Near Term

ABSTRACT A study has been made of the transplacental passage of thyroxine (T4) in rats when the hormone is present in physiological concentrations, and of the activity of the foetal thyroid gland in the perinatal period. Several aspects of foetal thyroid function were assessed in intact and thyroid-ectomized (TX) pregnant rats maintained with graded doses of T4. A daily dose of 2 μg T4/100 g body weight yielded near normal maternal and foetal serum PBI levels; with a dose of 1 μg the values were slightly low. Both these doses resulted in a decrease in the total and T4 iodine content of the foetal thyroid; an even greater decrease occurred in rats maintained with 5 μg/100 g body weight/day. The rate of uptake of iodine by the foetal gland was significantly depressed by the 2 but not the 1 μg dose. Serum PBI levels in the foetus were related directly to the dose of T4 and inversely with the degree of depression of the thyroid gland. Both maternal and foetal serum PBI levels in the unsupplemented TX rats were at least 60 % of normal and there was evidence of increased secretion of T4 by the foetal thyroid. The data indicate that the placenta is readily permeable to T4 when the hormone is present in maternal serum in doses that are close to physiological. However it was not possible to estimate the extent of the placental transfer of endogenous hormone. Significant foetal thyroid function was evident near term. It is suggested that both the foetal and maternal thyroids contribute to the maintenance of serum T4 levels in the foetus.

Cadmium toxicity in the thyroid gland of pregnant rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuaki Yoshizuka ◽  
Naoki Mori ◽  
Kunshige Hamasaki ◽  
Ittetsu Tanaka ◽  
Mitsuru Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Pregnant Rats

scholarly journals Do prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism affect the craniofacial structure?: An experimental study

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mine Gecgelen Cesur ◽  
Gokhan Cesur ◽  
Mert Ogrenim ◽  
Afra Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Craniofacial Structure ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of experimental prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism (HT) on the craniofacial structure in rats. Materials and Methods: Female Wistar albino rats were mated with males for fertilization. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (methimazole [MMI]-induced prenatal hypothyroidism group) mother rats were given MMI water during and after pregnancy. Group 2 (MMI-induced postnatal hypothyroidism group) mother rats were given MMI water after pregnancy. After the breast-feeding period, group 1 and 2 rat pups received the same water as their lactating mothers drank. Group 3 (control group) pregnant rats and rat pups were given normal tap water. When the rat pups were 90 days of age, lateral cephalometric and posteroanterior films were taken under anesthesia. Results: Posteroanterior radiographs revealed that palatal, cranial, bizygomatic arch, and bigonial width measurements were significantly shorter in prenatal HT and postnatal HT groups compared to the control group (P &lt; .001). Intragroup comparisons in lateral cephalometric radiographs showed that, nearly all of the comparisons were statistically significant (P &lt; .05), with the exception of the Co-Gn, E-Pg/S-Gn measurements between the prenatal and postnatal HT groups. Conclusions: Sagittal and transverse measurements showed that untreated HT has detrimental effects on the growth of the maxilla and mandible.

EFFECTS OF IN UTERO AND LACTATIONAL AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE EXPOSURE ON THYROID GLAND HISTOLOGY AND THYROID AND SEX HORMONES IN DEVELOPING DEER MICE ( PEROMYSCUS MANICULATUS ) THROUGH POSTNATAL DAY 21

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (24) ◽  
pp. 2119-2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry A. Thuett ◽  
Ellen H. Roots ◽  
Lisa P. Mitchell ◽  
Burnella A. Gentles ◽  
Todd Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Deer Mice

In utero exposure to dicyclohexyl and di-n-hexyl phthalate possess genotoxic effects on testicular cells of male rats after birth in the comet and TUNEL assays

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Ahbab ◽  
Ü Ündeğer ◽  
N Barlas ◽  
N Başaran
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Testicular Cells

Phthalates are diester derivatives of phthalic acid widely used in many commercial applications. The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate possible genotoxicity of di- n-hexyl phthalate (DHP) and dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) at different concentrations using single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays in testes samples of male rat pups. DCHP and DHP in corn oil were administered to the pregnant rats by gavage at the doses of 0 (vehicle), 20, 100, and 500 mg kg−1 day−1 from gestational day 6 (GD6) to GD19. After delivery, male rats were allowed to grow until prepubertal, pubertal, and adulthood. At necropsy, the blood samples were collected from heart and were excised immediately. The apoptotic cells of prepubertal, pubertal, and adult testis were detected using TUNEL assay. The comet assay was performed on blood lymphocytes and testes samples of adult male rats. The comet assay results showed that tail length, tail intensity, olive tail moment (OTM), and percentage of DNA present in tail were higher when DHP content was increased. Judging from the values of OTM and percentage of DNA, DHP could significantly induce DNA breakage at doses of 100 and 500 mg kg−1 day−1 compared with the control group. An increase in TUNEL-positive cells of prepubertal, pubertal, and adult testicular cells was observed in the treated groups. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to DHP and DCHP may possess genotoxic risk to testicular cells of rats at all stages of development, even at adulthood.

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