scholarly journals Do prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism affect the craniofacial structure?: An experimental study

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mine Gecgelen Cesur ◽  
Gokhan Cesur ◽  
Mert Ogrenim ◽  
Afra Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Craniofacial Structure ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of experimental prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism (HT) on the craniofacial structure in rats. Materials and Methods: Female Wistar albino rats were mated with males for fertilization. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (methimazole [MMI]-induced prenatal hypothyroidism group) mother rats were given MMI water during and after pregnancy. Group 2 (MMI-induced postnatal hypothyroidism group) mother rats were given MMI water after pregnancy. After the breast-feeding period, group 1 and 2 rat pups received the same water as their lactating mothers drank. Group 3 (control group) pregnant rats and rat pups were given normal tap water. When the rat pups were 90 days of age, lateral cephalometric and posteroanterior films were taken under anesthesia. Results: Posteroanterior radiographs revealed that palatal, cranial, bizygomatic arch, and bigonial width measurements were significantly shorter in prenatal HT and postnatal HT groups compared to the control group (P < .001). Intragroup comparisons in lateral cephalometric radiographs showed that, nearly all of the comparisons were statistically significant (P < .05), with the exception of the Co-Gn, E-Pg/S-Gn measurements between the prenatal and postnatal HT groups. Conclusions: Sagittal and transverse measurements showed that untreated HT has detrimental effects on the growth of the maxilla and mandible.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cardioprotective effect of Coleus forskohlii against Isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farogh Ahsan ◽  
H. H. Siddiqui ◽  
Tarique Mahmood ◽  
Ritesh Kumar Srivastav ◽  
Ahmad Nayeem
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Coleus Forskohlii ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Coleus forskohlii is an important ancient root drug of Indian origin, commonly known as gander in indian ayurvedic system of medicine. A lot of research work has been done on Coleus forskohlii regarding various cardiovascular disorders but no work has been done to find out its cardioprotective activity. Wistar albino rats were divided into five main groups having 5 animal each: Group 1 termed as Normal control (NC) received 0.5ml of normal saline throughout experimental period and served as control. Group 2 termed as Isoprenaline group (ISO) received 0.5ml of normal saline for 28 day and received Isoprenaline (85mg/kg, s.c.) on 29th and 30th day at an interval of 24 hours. Group 3 termed as Standard group (STD) received Metoprolol (pure) (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 28 day and received Isoprenaline (85mg/kg, s.c.) on 29th and 30th day at an interval of 24 hours. Group 4 termed as Test group 1 (TG 1) and Group 5 termed as Test group 2 (TG 2) received Coleus forskohlii (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 28 day and received Isoprenaline (85mg/kg, s.c.) on 29th and 30th day at an interval of 24 hours respectively. The experiment was terminated on 31st day and animal were sacrificed by cervical decapitation after an overnight fast. Blood was collected for estimation of biochemical parameter and heart was dissected out for grading, heart/weight ratio and histopathological examination.the the level of marker enzyme in serum as AST, ALT, LDH, CK, Troponin-I were significantly decreased (P 0.001) in rats pretreated with Coleus forskohlii when compared to that of group which received isoprenaline alone. Further, histopathological examination showed the reduction of necrosis, edema and inflammation following Coleus forskohlii pretreatment. Based on present findings, it is concluded that Coleus forskohliil may be a potential preventive and therapeutic agent against the myocardial necrosis associated ischemic heart disease.

scholarly journals The histopathological effect of diclofenac potassium on maternal and fetal tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2866-2878
Author(s):  
Abdel-Rahman Tawfik ◽  
Nouf Bader Alduweesh ◽  
Zeinab Abdel-Hameid Mohamed ◽  
Abdel Rahman Sayed Sultan ◽  
Heba Ali Abd El-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Architecture ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Group 1

Diclofenac (DCF) is one of the most generally utilized non-steroidal antiinflammatory therapies during the world for different diseases curing in post pubertal ladies. Be that as it may, constrained data is accessible with respect to its security during pregnancy and teratogenicity. The present study was done to investigate the histopathological impact of diclofenac potassium (DP) on some vital maternal and fetal tissues, placenta and liver during two different periods of gestation. In this study 30 pregnant rats have been used and divided into 3 groups (ten for each one); group 1 (control), group 2 treated with 15.4 mg/kg of diclofenac potassium during organogenesis period, and group 3 subjected during fetal developmental period with the same dosage. At the 20 gestation day the rats were anesthetized and dissected, histopathological studies on placenta, maternal liver, and fetal liver have been done. Our results revealed moderate to severe histopathological alternations in all examined tissues like disorganization of tissue architecture, vacuolation, lymphatic infiltration, apoptosis and more changes. There is a harmful effect of the DP on the placenta tissue and also the liver tissue of the fetus, and on this we recommend that you use the DP with caution during pregnancy at the possible lowest effective dose and for the shortest duration.

Assessment of epigenetic changes and oxidative DNA damage in rat pups exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and the protective effect of curcumin in the prenatal period

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halef Okan Doğan ◽  
Mehmet Eray Alçiğir
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Aroclor 1254 ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic chemicals that exert neurotoxic and endocrine disrupting effects. The aims of this study were to examine the effects of prenatal Aroclor 1254 (PCBs mixture) exposure on central nervous system tissues DNA and to evaluate the effects of curcumin. Methods Rat pups were assigned to three groups: [Group 1], Aroclor 1254 administrated group; [Group 2], Aroclor 1254 and curcumin administrated group; and [Group 3], control group. Plasma, cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata tissue homogenates 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-(OH)DG] levels and plasma freeT4 levels were determined. Global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation status were determined in cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata. To this aim, DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine levels were measured, respectively. Results Mean cerebellum and cerebral cortex 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine levels were higher in the control group than in the experimental groups. Mean plasma, cerebellum and cerebral cortex 8-(OH)DG concentrations were higher in Group 1 than the control group. No statistically significant difference was observed between Group 2 and the control group in terms of cerebellum and cerebral cortex 8-(OH)DG concentrations. Histopathological changes were also observed in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rat pups exposed to Aroclor 1254. PCBs exposure changes both DNA methylation and hypomethylation status and induces cerebellar and cerebral cortex DNA damage in the prenatal period. Exogenous curcumin may have protective effect on PCBs-induced DNA damage in cerebellum and cerebral cortex.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anxiolytic effect of furosemide in Albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Malvika Goyal ◽  
Jyothi C. H. ◽  
Rahul H. Damodar
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Anxiolytic Activity ◽  
Threshold Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent class of psychiatric condition. Medications commonly given for treatment can elicit several central nervous system (CNS) side-effects that patients find difficult to tolerate. So there is a need for new pharmacotherapeutic approaches to treat anxiety with greater efficacy and fewer side effects. Hence this study has been taken up to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of furosemide at three different doses (75mg/kg, 150mg/kg and 200mg/kg) in Albino rats.Methods: After obtaining approval from the institutional animal ethical committee 30 Albino rats weighing about 150-200gm were taken and divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1: Normal Saline 10ml/kg (control); Group 2: Diazepam 2mg/kg (standard); Group 3: Furosemide 150mg/kg (test group 1); Group 4: Furosemide 200mg/kg (test group 2); Group 5: Furosemide 75mg/kg + Diazepam 1mg/kg (sub threshold dose). The anxiolytic activity of furosemide was tested by elevated plus maze and digital actophotometer models. Data was analysed using one way ANOVA followed by Posthoc Tukey’s test.Results: Furosemide (150mg/kg and 200mg/kg) have shown significant increase in open arm entries (p<0.05) and time spent in open arm (p<0.05) compared to control. Also furosemide (150mg/kg and 200mg/kg) have shown statistically significant decrease in locomotor activity (p<0.05) compared to control in actophotometer model. Potentiation of time spent and number of entries in open arm and decrease in locomotor activity were noticed when sub threshold doses of combination of diazepam and furosemide were used.Conclusions: These results suggest that furosemide possesses significant anxiolytic activity at both the doses. Furosemide given in sub threshold dose potentiates the antianxiety effect of sub threshold dose of diazepam when used in combination. Hence, after further studies, furosemide can be used as an anxiolytic drug.

scholarly journals Non-Heme Iron Content and Antioxidant Activities of Wistar Rats Fed Aqueous Extract of Elaeis guineensis (Banga Soup) Cooked Using Different Utensils

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1077
Author(s):  
E.J. Otuaga ◽  
J. Okpoghono ◽  
B.O. George
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Non Heme Iron ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Cooking utensils may leach toxic metals or trace elements into food. Iron is an essential nutrient and both iron deficiency and iron excess can affect optimal health. The aim of the study was to determine non-heme iron (NHI) and some antioxidant parameters of rats fed banga soup (BS) prepared using different utensils. Twentyfive Wistar albino rats were used for the study. They were allowed to acclimatize for one week before commencement of the experiment. Group 1 served as control. Rats in Group 2, 3, 4 and 5 were administered BS cooked using cast iron pot (CIP), aluminium pot (AP), blended mixture (BM) of BS and aqueous tween 80 respectively. Rats in Group 1 to 5 received tap water daily and standard laboratory diet (feed) throughout the experiment period of 28 days. There were no significant difference in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, albumin (Alb) and total protein (TP) in the serum and liver of the entire experimental Groups. Significant decrease were observed in total phenol content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ascorbic oxidase (AO) activity in the serum and NHI content in the serum, liver and kidney of Group 2, 3 and 4 when compared with Group 1 and 5. Keywords: Banga soup; non-heme iron; antioxidant; aluminium pot; cast iron pot

Citrullus colocynthis Linn. Fruit extract ameliorates cisplatin-induced hepato-renal toxicity in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmilayo O. Adeyemi ◽  
Ismail O. Ishola ◽  
Ifeoluwa D. Ajani
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractBackgroundCisplatin-induced acute liver and kidney injuries are serious problems in cancer patients during treatment of solid tumours.ObjectiveThis study sought to investigate possible protective effect of ethanolic fruit extract ofMethodsThirty male albino rats (150–200 g) were divided into five groups (n=6) and treated as follows: group 1: vehicle (10 mL/kg, p.o.; normal control); group 2: vehicle (10 mL/kg); groups 3–5: CC (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o.), respectively, for 10 days. Cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered on the 7th day to animals in groups (2–5) 1 h after pretreatment. The animals were euthanized on day 10 for haematological, biochemical and histological analysis.ResultsCisplatin induced a significant increase in the serum levels of ALT, ALP, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen indicative of hepato-renal injury. More so, cisplatin caused marked increase in granulocyte, lymphocyte and platelets counts which were ameliorated by CC (100–400 mg/kg) treatment. In addition, cisplatin induced marked increase in MDA and nitrite levels coupled with deficits in glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities which were attenuated by CC administration.ConclusionsThis study showed that

scholarly journals The Effects of Curcumin on Wound Healing in a Rat Model of Nasal Mucosal Trauma

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokhan Emiroglu ◽  
Zerrin Ozergin Coskun ◽  
Yildiray Kalkan ◽  
Ozlem Celebi Erdivanli ◽  
Levent Tumkaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration ◽  
Sham Control Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

We explored the effects of topical curcumin on the healing of nasal mucosal wounds. A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley Albino rats were randomized in equal numbers into four groups, and unilateral nasal wounds were created using an interdental brush. Group 1 (the sham-control group) contained untreated rats with traumatized right-side nasal cavities; Group 2 and 3 rats were similarly traumatized and treated with topical curcumin (5 and 10 mg/mL) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide daily for 7 days after trauma; Group 4 rats were treated with topical dimethyl sulfoxide only. All rats were decapitated on day 15 and the healing sites evaluated by blinded observers in terms of the presence of cellular hyperplasia, goblet cell hypertrophy and degeneration, leucocytic infiltration, ciliary loss and degeneration, edema, and vascular dilation. On histopathological evaluation, all of cellular hyperplasia, leukocytic infiltration, and edema were significantly reduced in Group 3 compared with Group 1 (p=0.001, p=0.004, and p=0.008, resp.). Thus, curcumin reduced the inflammatory response and significantly accelerated wound healing.

scholarly journals The effects of electromagnetic waves emitted by the cell phones on the testicular tissue

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Muhammet Ihsan Karaman ◽  
Ali Murat Gökçe ◽  
Orhan Koca ◽  
Bilal Karaman ◽  
Metin Ishak Öztürk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: Various risks have emerged in parallel to the rapidly increasing use of cell phones. Herein we studied the effects of cell phone emitted electromagnetic waves (EMW) on rat testes. Material and Methods: Twenty one adult male Albino rats were grouped into 3 groups each consisting of 7 rats. The first group was exposed to EMW on talk mode for 8 hours per day for 20 days and then their testes were extracted. The testes of the second group were extracted after 20 days of whole day EMW exposure. The third group was the control group. For the statistical analysis Mann- Whitney U analysis was performed. Results: At light microscopic examination of the testicular tissue, the existence of a high number of immature cells in the lumen of the seminiferous tubule in addition to the normal seminiferous tubules, besides irregular tubules with a reduction in the spermatogenic cell lines and tubules without lumen were observed in groups 1 and 2. Histopathological alterations were scored as 0 = none, 1 = low, 2 = medium, 3 = serious. The average scores of the three groups were found to be 4.25 ± 1.5 for the group 1, 4.33 ± 3.9 for the group 2 and 0.37 ± 1.1 for the group 3 respectively. As a result of the statistical evaluation, group 1 and group 2 had significantly higher scores than the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Infertility is one of the current problems of today due to a rapid increase in its incidence and cost. The negative effects of the EMWs on the testis should be taken into account and the necessary measures should be taken for prevention.

scholarly journals A comparison of the severity of oral candidiasis between gestational and type 1 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Ayu Ragil Destrian Pangestu ◽  
Siti Nosya Rachmawati ◽  
Leni Rokhma Dewi ◽  
Mei Syafriadi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by insufficient insulin production due to pancreatic β cell destruction, whereas in gestational diabetics an increase of hormone estrogen induces insulin resistance. Oral candidiasis constitutes an opportunistic fungal infection due to a compromised immune system that is a medical condition reported by diabetics, including those suffering from gestational diabetes. Purpose: To determine the severity of oral candidiasis in female Wistar rats with type 1 and gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: This research constituted a laboratory experiment incorporating a post test-only group control design whose subjects were female Wistar rats divided along the following lines: group 1 consisted of diabetic non-pregnant rats, group 2 contained diabetic pregnant rats induced by streptozotocin and the control group members constituted normal female rats. Diabetes induction was performed by means of 40 mg/kgBW streptozotocin administrated intraperitoneally. Diabetes mellitus was confirmed when the blood glucose level ≥ 120 mg/dL. All groups were exposed to 0.2 ml Candida albicans suspension (5x108 CFU/ml) in the oral buccal vestibule between the distal incisors and mesial maxillary first molar for three days. A swab was performed on the third day after final exposure before the samples were observed under a light microscope. Candida albicans cultivation and calculation of the resulting colonies was carried out on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar after they had been identified by means of a germ tube test. Results: The result confirmed the absence of hyphae in the control group, while in group 1 all samples contained hyphae. Moreover, group 2 featured a dense hyphae population. A chi-square test indicated a statistical significance (p<0.05) between all groups. Conclusion: Oral candidiasis in gestational diabetes is more severe than that occurring during type 1 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Effects of Energy Drink in Combination with Two Different Brands of Alcohol on Some Biochemical Parameters of Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 707-710
Author(s):  
Okuda, A. Frank ◽  
Ehiwario, N. Julius ◽  
Oshilim, O. Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Group 1

This study was carried out to ascertain the effect of energy drink and mixture of energy drink with different brands of alcohol on some biochemical parameters. Sixteen (16) male albino rats weighing 120- 160g were divided into four (4) groups. The groups were divided thus: Group 1: Control- feed and water ad libitum, Group 2: 3.75ml/kg Bullet Energy drink only, Group 3: 3.75ml/kg Bullet energy drink + 1ml/kg of 41% alcohol dry gin and Group 4: 3.75ml/kg Bullet energy drink + 1ml/kg of 5.1% alcoholic beer. The experiment lasted for 28 days after which the animals were fasted for 12 hours before they were sacrificed and their blood collected for biochemical analyses. There was a significant increase in body weight of animals in group 2-4 and also the glucose concentration was elevated. The result presented in table 2 showed that there is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the level of ALT and ALP in treatment groups when compared to the control group (1). Also, elevated level of cholesterol and triglycerides were also observed. From this data, we may conclude that there are high risk of constantly taking energy drink alone or in combination with alcohol.

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