scholarly journals Dynamics of radial growth of siberian pine Pinus sibirica Du Tuor in focus of invasion of four-eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandf.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.М. Дебков ◽  
Э.М. Бисирова ◽  
А.Ю. Бочаров
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Abies Sibirica ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
Invader Impact ◽  
Siberian Pine

В XXI в. резко участились случаи инвазий дендрофильных насекомых в бореальные леса. Наглядным примером этих процессов является инвазия уссурийского полиграфа Polygraphus proximus Blandf. в леса с участием пихты сибир- ской Abies sibirica Ledeb. на территории Сибири. Цель исследования заключалась в изучении динамики радиального прироста деревьев кедра сибирского в поврежденных древостоях. Модельной территорией был выбран Ларинский ландшафтный заказник. На его территории заложена серия постоянных пробных площадей для мониторинга трансформации лесных экосистем. В результате воздействия инвайдера в наибольшей степени пострадали насаждения с доминиро- ванием пихты. Они существенно снизили полноту древостоя, и доминировать стал кедр сибирский. В насаждениях с преобладанием кедра и ели также про- изошли изменения в структуре древостоев. Однако смены эдификатора не произошло. За весь период роста деревьев кедра прирост составлял на ППП 1 – 2,3±0,1 мм, на ППП 2 – 2,1±0,1 мм, на ППП 3 – 2,5±0,1 мм, на ППП 4 – 1,6±0,1 мм. Достоверных различий не выявлено (p = 0,9357 > 0,05). Непосредственно перед инвазией отмечено незначительное снижение прироста деревьев в толщину, в частности на ППП 1 он равнялся 2,2±0,1 мм, на ППП 2 – 1,1±0,1 мм, на ППП 3 – 2,1±0,1 мм, на ППП 4 – 0,9±0,1 мм. С учетом темпов деградации насаждения, ко- торые стабилизировались в 2014 г., рассмотрено изменение прироста с этого времени. Выяснилось, что по ППП 1 он равнялся 4,1±0,3 мм, на ППП 2 – 1,6±0,2 мм, на ППП 3 – 2,4±0,3 мм, на ППП 4 – 1,2±0,2 мм. Таким образом, радиальный прирост увеличился, однако достоверное отличие установлено только по ППП 1 (p = 0,0292 < 0,05), которая характеризуется полностью деградированным состоянием. In the 21st century cases of invasions of dendrophilous insects in boreal forests in- creased sharply. A example of these processes is invasion of four-eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandf. in forests with siberian fir Abies sibirica Ledeb. in terri- tory of Siberia. The aim of the research was to study dynamics of radial growth of sibe- rian pine trees in damaged stands. The Larinsky landscape reserve was chosen as model territory. A series of permanent trial plots (PTP) for monitoring the transformation of forest ecosystems was laid on its territory. As a result of invader impact, stands domi- nated by fir were most affected. They significantly reduced completeness and domi- nance passed to siberian pine. In stands with a predominance of siberian pine and spruce, changes also occurred in structure. However, species changes did not occur. For entire life period of siberian pine trees, radial growth was at PTP 1 – 2,3±0,1 mm, for PTP 2 – 2,1±0,1 mm, for PTP 3 – 2,5±0,1 mm, for PTP 4 – 1,6±0,1 mm. There were no significant differences (p = 0,9357 > 0,05). Immediately before the invasion, a slight decrease in tree growth in thickness was noted, in particular, for PTP 1, it was 2,2±0,1 mm, for PTP 2 – 1,1±0,1 mm, for PTP 3 – 2,1±0,1 mm, for PTP 4 – 0,9±0,1 mm. Thus, radial growth increased, but a significant difference was established only for PTP 1 (p = 0,0292 < 0,05), which is characterized by a completely degraded state.

scholarly journals Accelerated formation of Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) stands: a case study from Siberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Nikita Debkov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Normal Seed ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pinus Sibirica Du Tour ◽  
Siberian Pine ◽  
Production Dynamics

Under natural conditions, Siberian pine Pinus sibirica begins to produce commercial cone yields of nuts relatively late (after more than 100 years). The aim of this study was to summarise the experience of the directed formation of Siberian pine forests in Siberia. Experimental objects included plots with traditional thinning of varying intensity and frequency as well as chemical treatment. We assessed the parameters of the stand and its seed production dynamics. Only stands with a minimum density (395–435 trees·ha–1) had a normal seed production energy (1.5 or more cones per shoot). Over-dense stands (830–930 trees·ha–1) were characterised by a low seed production energy (two times or more below the threshold value). In all plots, there were Siberian pine trees with absent or unacceptable seed production energy, which should be removed (DBH up to 28 cm). Seed production energy positively correlated with most tree parameters (age, height, diameter, volume, length and width of crown).

Impacts Of The Invasive FourEyed Fir Bark Beetle (Polygraphus Proximus Blandf.) On Siberian Fir (Abies Sibirica Ledeb.) Forests In Southern Siberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita M. Debkov ◽  
Aleksey A. Aleinikov ◽  
Alexander Gradel ◽  
Anatoly Yu. Bocharov ◽  
Nina V. Klimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Abies Sibirica ◽  
Ontogenetic Structure ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus

The emergence and spread of non-native invasive forest insects represent a major potential threat to global biodiversity. The present study examines the current invasion of the far eastern four-eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandf. in southern Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) forests. We collected data on 38 large sized (2500 m²) sample plots, situated in fir forests of the Tomsk region. As a direct result of the four-eyed fir bark beetle infestation, stand density decreased by 34-37%, and stand volume by 30%. The mean height, individual age and diameter at the stand level consequently increased. Our results indicated that stands with complete left-sided or normal ontogenetic structure (composed primarily of late virginal firs or firs in young reproductive stage) are more resistant to invasion by the four-eyed fir bark beetle. By contrast, fir forests characterized by more right-sided ontogenetic structure (composed primarily of mature and old reproductive firs), exhibited the least resistance and, with rare exception, degraded rapidly in response to the invasion. Our results also pointed to a mechanism that initiates invasions of the four-eyed fir bark beetle in fir stands of all types of ontogenetic structure, which is the attack of virginal trees and trees in early reproductive stages. Trees up to average diameter are the most susceptible to invasions of the bark beetle. We identified thicker bark, larger DBH and low occurrence of heart rot as the most important parameters for indicating resistance at the single tree level. DBH and bark thickness (p<0.05) correlated significantly with tree health status in infested stands. Our overall assessment of the potential natural regeneration of damaged stands is that the Siberian fir forests are resilient to invasive species and that the fir ecosystems can potentially recover from this disturbance.

Formation of Siberian Pine Forests by Improvement Felling on Former Agriculturаl Lands

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Zalesov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pine Forests ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pinus Sibirica Du Tour ◽  
Siberian Pine ◽  
Intensive Growth

On the base of the researches carried out on the permanent study area silvicultural effectiveness of improvement felling was analyzed in soft-leaved plantations formed on the former agricultural lands in Khanty-Mansi Autonomons Okrug – Yugra. It was experimentally found that among 25–30-year-old soft-leaved stands there is Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour); besides this, nominal undergrowth of this species can be found under the canopy. Improvement felling can provide an increase in the share of Siberian pine in the composition of the forming plantations and even its dominance in stands. It is recommended to carry out improvement felling by the strip method. On the first-stage the felling of soft-leaved species in strips of 10 m wide is carried out, while leaving strips of similar width without care. On the second stage in 10 years soft-leaved trees are cut down in those strips where care was not taken. Felling of all the accompanying Siberian pine trees in a single shot is inadmissible, since it leads to intensive growth of herbaceous vegetation, sodding and exclusion of the Siberian pine undergrowth as well as dramatically increases the fire danger in spring and autumn. In addition, at the indicated intensity, the specimens of Siberian pine left for cultivation are affected by Pineus cembrae (Cholodovsky, 1988).

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF INDIVIDUAL FRACTIONS OF PINUS SIBIRICA DU TOUR AND ABIES SIBIRICA LEDEB., NATIVE TO THE SIBERIAN REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Alekseyevich Efremov ◽  
Irina Dement'yevna Zykova ◽  
Vera Aleksandrovna Senashova ◽  
Irina Dmitriyevna Grodnickaya ◽  
Natal'ya Veniaminovna Pashenova
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Abies Sibirica ◽  
Pinus Sibirica Du Tour ◽  
Siberian Pine

By the method of exhaustive hydroparodistillation, essential oil was obtained from Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) and Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.), growing on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk territory. Separate fractions of oil were obtained: the first one after 45 min from the beginning of distillation, the second – after 2 hours, the third – after 5 hours, the fourth-after 10 hours, the fifth fraction was collected after the end of hydrodistillation. The antimicrobial activity of separate fractions of essential oil of P. sibirica and A. sibirica was studied against strains of opportunistic microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus 209p, Micrococcus luteus, Acinetobacter baumanii, Candida albicans. The performed studies showed that all the studied samples of essential oils showed either bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity against the strains of microorganisms taken in the experiment, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The type of activity displayed depended on the type of strain and sample of essential oil. It is noted that the sensitivity of the experimental strains to the components of the essential oils of P. sibirica and A. sibirica decreases during the transition from the first to the last fraction. We assume that, apparently, this is due to a decrease in the number of monoterpenes in the composition of oils.To study the antiradical activity, the reaction of essential oil components with a stable free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical was used. Antiradical activity of both whole essential oils of P. sibirica and A. sibirica and their separate fractions was established. There was an increase in antiradical activity with a decrease in the content of monoterpenes in the composition of essential oil.

scholarly journals Detection of Fir Trees (Abies sibirica) Damaged by the Bark Beetle in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images with Deep Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Safonova ◽  
Siham Tabik ◽  
Domingo Alcaraz-Segura ◽  
Alexey Rubtsov ◽  
Yuriy Maglinets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Tree Damage ◽  
Abies Sibirica ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
State Nature Reserve ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Uav Images ◽  
Uav Image

Invasion of the Polygraphus proximus Blandford bark beetle causes catastrophic damage to forests with firs (Abies sibirica Ledeb) in Russia, especially in Central Siberia. Determining tree damage stage based on the shape, texture and colour of tree crown in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images could help to assess forest health in a faster and cheaper way. However, this task is challenging since (i) fir trees at different damage stages coexist and overlap in the canopy, (ii) the distribution of fir trees in nature is irregular and hence distinguishing between different crowns is hard, even for the human eye. Motivated by the latest advances in computer vision and machine learning, this work proposes a two-stage solution: In a first stage, we built a detection strategy that finds the regions of the input UAV image that are more likely to contain a crown, in the second stage, we developed a new convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that predicts the fir tree damage stage in each candidate region. Our experiments show that the proposed approach shows satisfactory results on UAV Red, Green, Blue (RGB) images of forest areas in the state nature reserve “Stolby” (Krasnoyarsk, Russia).

DISTRIBUTION OF THE SMALL SPRUCE BARK BEETLE IPS AMITINUS (EICHHOFF, 1872) IN WESTERN SIBERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
I. A. Kerchev ◽  
S. A. Krivets ◽  
E. M. Bisirova ◽  
N. A. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Pinus Sibirica Du Tour ◽  
Siberian Pine

The data on distribution of small spruce bark beetle Ips amitinus (Eichh.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a new invasive pest of European origin on the territory of Western Siberia are presented. Alien bark beetle species was recorded in the Siberian pine forests of the Tomsk, Kemerovo and Novosibirsk regions. According to the modern data the total invasion range is more than 30 thousand km² with a tendency to further expansion. The number outbreaks of I. amitinus in Siberian pine forests near settlements, in nature preservations and plantations of Pinus sibirica Du Tour cause significant harm to pine-nut harvesting and selective breeding.

scholarly journals Natural regeneration in Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) forests subjected to invasion of the four-eyed fir bark beetle (Polygraphus proximus Blandf.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Debkov
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Abies Sibirica ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study assessed the potential of natural regeneration (NR) of forests in Western Siberia, dominated by Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) and damaged due to the invasion of the four-eyed fir bark beetle (Polygraphus proximus Blandf.). The leading methods for investigating this problem are the sample plot method and the transect method, which allow revealing the features of NR, their morphological structure and spatial distribution. Analysis of the occurrence and structure of NR revealed a correlation between the degree of stand damage and sapling state. The spatial structure was highly heterogeneous, testifying the group location of NR and the variable density. For 63% of the sample plots, a decrease in saplings was recorded as a result of the impact of the four-eysouthern ed fir bark beetle. Most of the dead saplings were large (95%), and dead saplings accounted for 10–50%. A positive correlation was found between the decrease in saplings and the state of the fir forest. The number of saplings varied from 1,233 to 19,200 plants ha−1, with fir being the dominant species. Fir forests of Western Siberia, damaged by the four-eyed fir bark beetle, have the potential for regeneration.

scholarly journals A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON MITES (ACARI) ASSOCIATED WITH THE SMALL SPRUCE BARK BEETLE IPS AMITINUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE) IN WESTERN SIBERIA

Acarina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Khaustov ◽  
Ivan A. Kerchev
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Siberian Pine

The small spruce bark beetle Ips amitinus has recently been found in two West Siberian regions: Tomsk and Kemerovo. Here, we collected and identified the mites associated with I. amitinus that naturally colonized branches and twigs of Siberian pine, Pinus sibirica, in Western Siberia, Russia. Five mites species were revealed: Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus (Digamasellidae), Proctolaelaps hystricoides (Melicharidae), Iponemus leionotum and I. asiaticus (Tarsonemidae), as well as Ereynetes (Huntereynetes) sp. (Ereynetidae). Interestingly, phoresy of two species of Iponemus was observed on one host beetle. Three of the five species are known predators and parasitoids of eggs or larvae of bark beetles and could be targeted for biological control of I. amitinus in Russia.

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