scholarly journals The state of four-eyed fir bark beetle population and its role in the forests of the northeastern part of the «Kuznetsk Alatau» Reserve (Kemerovo Oblast)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.А. Кривец ◽  
Э.М. Бисирова ◽  
И.А. Керчев ◽  
Е.Н. Пац ◽  
Г.В. Симонова
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
Average Fecundity ◽  
Alien Pest

Опасный инвазионный вредитель пихты сибирской уссурийский полиграф Polygraphus proximus Blandf. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae) впервые обнаружен на территории заповедника Кузнецкий Алатау . Комплекс основных показателей популяции инвайдера в среднегорных пихтовых древостоях северовосточной части заповедника характеризует его численность как стабильно низкую. Доля деревьев, заселенных P. proximus и отработанных с его участием, в разных древостоях составляла 4,6 9,7 от общего числа отмирающих и погибших деревьев. Средняя плотность поселения родительского поколения 1,91,4 семей/дм2, суммарная длина маточных ходов в семье 6,32,1 см, средняя плодовитость самки 53,314,5 яиц средняя плотность молодого поколения жуков 1610,0 шт./дм2, средний коэффициент размножения 6,64,7. Основным фактором, определяющим низкий уровень численности уссурийского полиграфа в районе исследований, являются погодноклиматические условия частые и обильные осадки, препятствующие лету жуков в период расселения, короткий вегетационный период в горных районах, ограничивающий развитие второго поколения. Низкая численность P. proximus также обусловлена недостаточным кормовым ресурсом вследствие преобладания в древостоях здоровых и незначительно ослабленных деревьев и высокой активностью специализированных хищных энтомофагов рода Medetera. Роль уссурийского полиграфа в лесах северовосточной части заповедника Кузнецкий Алатау заключается в отработке естественного отпада пихты сибирской совместно с местными стволовыми дендрофагами, среди которых главное значение принадлежит черному пихтовому усачу Monochamus urussovi Fisсh. Foureyedfir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandf. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a dangerous invasive pest of Siberian fir, was noticed on the Kuznetsk Alatau Reserves territory for the first time. The complex of analyzed basic parameters of the alien pest population characterizes its abundance in the middle mountain fir stands of the northeastern part of the reserve as consistently low. The proportion of trees colonized by P. proximus and killed with its participation in different stands made up for 4.6 9.7 of the total number of dying and dead trees. The average density of the parent generation was 1.91.4 families/dm the total length of the maternal galleries per family is 6.32.1 cm the average fecundity of the female was 53.314.5 eggs. The average density of the young generation was 1610.0 beetles/dm the average breeding rate was 6.64.7. The main factor determining the low level of P. proximus population in the study area is weather and climatic conditions such as: frequent and heavy rainfalls that impede beetles during the period of dispersal flight and short vegetation season in mountainous areas, which limits the development of the second generation. The low population rate of the alien pest can also be explained by the prevalence of healthy and slightly weakened trees in the stands and high abundance of the specialized predator flies of the Medetera genus. Foureyed fir bark beetle in the forests of the northeastern part of the Kuznetsk Alatau Reserve involved in the process of elimination of weakened Siberian fir trees together with aboriginal stem dendrophagous insects, among which the main importance belongs to the longhorn beetle Monochamus urussovi Fisсh.

Impacts Of The Invasive FourEyed Fir Bark Beetle (Polygraphus Proximus Blandf.) On Siberian Fir (Abies Sibirica Ledeb.) Forests In Southern Siberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita M. Debkov ◽  
Aleksey A. Aleinikov ◽  
Alexander Gradel ◽  
Anatoly Yu. Bocharov ◽  
Nina V. Klimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Abies Sibirica ◽  
Ontogenetic Structure ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus

The emergence and spread of non-native invasive forest insects represent a major potential threat to global biodiversity. The present study examines the current invasion of the far eastern four-eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandf. in southern Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) forests. We collected data on 38 large sized (2500 m²) sample plots, situated in fir forests of the Tomsk region. As a direct result of the four-eyed fir bark beetle infestation, stand density decreased by 34-37%, and stand volume by 30%. The mean height, individual age and diameter at the stand level consequently increased. Our results indicated that stands with complete left-sided or normal ontogenetic structure (composed primarily of late virginal firs or firs in young reproductive stage) are more resistant to invasion by the four-eyed fir bark beetle. By contrast, fir forests characterized by more right-sided ontogenetic structure (composed primarily of mature and old reproductive firs), exhibited the least resistance and, with rare exception, degraded rapidly in response to the invasion. Our results also pointed to a mechanism that initiates invasions of the four-eyed fir bark beetle in fir stands of all types of ontogenetic structure, which is the attack of virginal trees and trees in early reproductive stages. Trees up to average diameter are the most susceptible to invasions of the bark beetle. We identified thicker bark, larger DBH and low occurrence of heart rot as the most important parameters for indicating resistance at the single tree level. DBH and bark thickness (p<0.05) correlated significantly with tree health status in infested stands. Our overall assessment of the potential natural regeneration of damaged stands is that the Siberian fir forests are resilient to invasive species and that the fir ecosystems can potentially recover from this disturbance.

FINDING OF THE BARK BEETLE POLYGRAPHUS PROXIMUS BLANDFORD, 1894 (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE) IN UDMURTIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
S. V. Dedyukhin ◽  
V. V. Titova
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Longhorn Beetles ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Local Species ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Far Eastern

The data on the first finds in the Udmurt Republic (and the East of European Russia as a whole) of a dangerous invasive species of bark beetle of the Far Eastern origin - Polygraphus proximus Blandford, 1894, are presented. The species was discovered in 2019 simultaneously in four districts (Zavyalovsky, Malopurginsky, Kiyasovsky and Sarapulsky) of the central and southern parts of the republic. The established areas damaged by the Polygraphus proximus of forest stands are located both near railway tracks and highways, and in the depths of natural forests in which Siberian fir grows ( Abies sibirica Ledeb.), which indicates a long-term hidden invasion of the pest and its adaptation in Udmurtia. Further outbreak of the pest can lead to catastrophic consequences for forests with the participation of fir in the region. In addition, in the stands damaged by the Polygraphus proximus , an increase in the number of local species of longhorn beetles, associated with fir, is possible. In connection with the extreme potential harmfulness of this invader, it is necessary to carry out sanitary and recreational activities in order to localize and eliminate the identified outbreak foci of the pest, as well as to clarify the forest areas occupied by the Polygraphus proximus in the territory of the Udmurt Republic and adjacent regions, with introduction of quarantine and monitoring measures.

A review of histiostomatid mites associated with scolytine bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with a description of Histiostoma shiramba sp. n. (Acari: Histiostomatidae) from galleries of the Sakhalin-fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus 

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2373
Author(s):  
Pavel B. Klimov ◽  
A.A. Khaustov
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus

Associations of scolytine bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and histiostomatid mites (Acari: Histiostomatidae) are reviewed. Histiostomatids are associated with a total of 62 described species of bark beetles in 31 countries of the world, except for South America and Antarctica (262 non-redundant records). Non-accidental records include 21 mite species in the genus Histiostoma and 5 species in the Bonomoia/Probonomoia generic complex. The biological role of histiostomatids associated with bark beetles is largely unknown and needs further investigation. Available observations suggest that histiostomatids living in bark beetle galleries may feed on different fungi, including those pathogenic to the tree host and/or may serve as food supplement for developing bark beetle larvae (e.g., the fungal genus Ophiostoma). However, based on their mouthpart morphology, instead of feeding on fungi directly, histiostomatids may reduce fungal population sizes by releasing fungicides produced by their opisthonotal glands. Both feeding and phoretic stages of the mites commonly vector considerable numbers of fungal spores or conidia, including those of phloem-infesting, blue stain fungi (e.g., Ophiostoma, Ceratocystis, and Alternaria). Here we describe all developmental stages of a new species of the genus Histiostoma, belonging to the piceae-species group that includes many mite species associated with bark beetles. The new species, Histiostoma shiramba sp. n., was found in the galleries of the Sakhalin-fir bark beetle, Polygraphus proximus, an invasive pest that is quickly spreading outside of its native range in the Eastern Palaearctic, causing large-scale destruction of fir forests. We emend the following names (nom. emend.) to agree in gender with the generic name Histiostoma (gender neuter): Histiostoma capillatum, H. conjunctum, H. hungaricum, H. indetonsum, H. irinum, H. longisetum, H. margaritatum, H. medium, H. ovale, H. pannonicum, H. serratum, H. sordidum, H. spinosum, H. sylvestre, H. varium, H. virginianum. The name Histiostoma scheucheri is emended to Histiostoma scheucherae.

scholarly journals Natural regeneration in Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) forests subjected to invasion of the four-eyed fir bark beetle (Polygraphus proximus Blandf.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Debkov
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Abies Sibirica ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study assessed the potential of natural regeneration (NR) of forests in Western Siberia, dominated by Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) and damaged due to the invasion of the four-eyed fir bark beetle (Polygraphus proximus Blandf.). The leading methods for investigating this problem are the sample plot method and the transect method, which allow revealing the features of NR, their morphological structure and spatial distribution. Analysis of the occurrence and structure of NR revealed a correlation between the degree of stand damage and sapling state. The spatial structure was highly heterogeneous, testifying the group location of NR and the variable density. For 63% of the sample plots, a decrease in saplings was recorded as a result of the impact of the four-eysouthern ed fir bark beetle. Most of the dead saplings were large (95%), and dead saplings accounted for 10–50%. A positive correlation was found between the decrease in saplings and the state of the fir forest. The number of saplings varied from 1,233 to 19,200 plants ha−1, with fir being the dominant species. Fir forests of Western Siberia, damaged by the four-eyed fir bark beetle, have the potential for regeneration.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Checklist of the Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma AlHajri ◽  
Donat Agosti
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Northeastern Part

The State of Qatar is a small peninsula located in the northeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. It is classified as a subtropical desert with an extreme harsh climatic conditions in summer and mild winter. Information on Formicidae of Qatar as well as its insect fauna is poorly documented. So far only six species of Formicidae (ants) belonging to five genera have been recorded from Qatar. At least 300 ant species have been recorded from the Arabian Peninsula (Collingwood et al., 2011). For instance, Collingwood and Agosti (1996) reported a list of 265 ant species in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, Collingwood et al. (2011) published a list of 126 ant species in UAE and Sharaf et al. (2018a) recorded 123 ant species from Oman. This indicates a significant gap regarding our knowledge of the ant fauna and their diversity in Qatar. This study provides the first taxonomic survey of the ant fauna of Qatar. Ant specimens were collected by using aspirator, direct hand collection, litter sifting and pitfall traps during the period of April 2015 to March 2019 from 43 sites around the country. In the present study, 45 species are newly recorded for the ant fauna of the state of Qatar increasing the total number of ant species from Qatar to 51 species, including one additional subfamily, and 16 additional genera.

scholarly journals How does agro-pastoralism affect forage and soil properties in western Serengeti, Tanzania?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-133
Author(s):  
Pius Yoram Kavana ◽  
Ephraim J. Mtengeti ◽  
Anthony Sangeda ◽  
Christopher Mahonge ◽  
Robert Fyumagwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Grazing Lands

The impacts of agro-pastoral activities on soil properties, plus nutritive value and residual standing biomass of herbaceous plants in areas of different land uses in western Serengeti, were evaluated. Vegetation and soil were sampled along 4,000 m transects laid across fallow land, areas grazed only by livestock, mixed grazing (livestock and wildlife) and wildlife grazing only. A total number of 123 plant species were encountered during sampling. Analyses of soil and vegetation samples were conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture laboratories. The estimated average density of grazing animals encountered was 160 TLU/km2 on transects within livestock-dominated grazing lands, 129 TLU/km2 for mixed grazing and 83 TLU/km2 for wildlife grazing only. Results indicated that ADF, IVDMD, IVOMD, ME and TDN in residual herbaceous forage at flowering were significantly (P<0.05) affected by land use type but CP, NDF and ADL were not affected. Soil pH, OC, CEC, C:N ratio and Ca differed significantly (P<0.05) between land use types. An overall evaluation indicated that regardless of climatic conditions, residual biomass of herbaceous plants in western Serengeti is determined by intensity of grazing, soil C:N ratio and concentrations of Ca and P in the soil. We conclude that agro-pastoral practices conducted in western Serengeti affected residual standing biomass of herbaceous plants and soil properties. We recommend that grazing pressure in communal grazing lands be reduced by either reducing number of grazing animals or duration of grazing in a particular grazing area, and specific studies be conducted to establish stocking rates appropriate for specific communal grazing lands in villages.

The first data on fungal pathogens (ascomycota, hypocreales) in the invasive populations of four-eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandf.

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Kerchev ◽  
V. Yu. Kryukov ◽  
O. N. Yaroslavtseva ◽  
G. P. Polovinko ◽  
Yu. S. Tokarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus
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