FINDING OF THE BARK BEETLE POLYGRAPHUS PROXIMUS BLANDFORD, 1894 (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE) IN UDMURTIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
S. V. Dedyukhin ◽  
V. V. Titova
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Longhorn Beetles ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Local Species ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Far Eastern

The data on the first finds in the Udmurt Republic (and the East of European Russia as a whole) of a dangerous invasive species of bark beetle of the Far Eastern origin - Polygraphus proximus Blandford, 1894, are presented. The species was discovered in 2019 simultaneously in four districts (Zavyalovsky, Malopurginsky, Kiyasovsky and Sarapulsky) of the central and southern parts of the republic. The established areas damaged by the Polygraphus proximus of forest stands are located both near railway tracks and highways, and in the depths of natural forests in which Siberian fir grows ( Abies sibirica Ledeb.), which indicates a long-term hidden invasion of the pest and its adaptation in Udmurtia. Further outbreak of the pest can lead to catastrophic consequences for forests with the participation of fir in the region. In addition, in the stands damaged by the Polygraphus proximus , an increase in the number of local species of longhorn beetles, associated with fir, is possible. In connection with the extreme potential harmfulness of this invader, it is necessary to carry out sanitary and recreational activities in order to localize and eliminate the identified outbreak foci of the pest, as well as to clarify the forest areas occupied by the Polygraphus proximus in the territory of the Udmurt Republic and adjacent regions, with introduction of quarantine and monitoring measures.

Impacts Of The Invasive FourEyed Fir Bark Beetle (Polygraphus Proximus Blandf.) On Siberian Fir (Abies Sibirica Ledeb.) Forests In Southern Siberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita M. Debkov ◽  
Aleksey A. Aleinikov ◽  
Alexander Gradel ◽  
Anatoly Yu. Bocharov ◽  
Nina V. Klimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Abies Sibirica ◽  
Ontogenetic Structure ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus

The emergence and spread of non-native invasive forest insects represent a major potential threat to global biodiversity. The present study examines the current invasion of the far eastern four-eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandf. in southern Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) forests. We collected data on 38 large sized (2500 m²) sample plots, situated in fir forests of the Tomsk region. As a direct result of the four-eyed fir bark beetle infestation, stand density decreased by 34-37%, and stand volume by 30%. The mean height, individual age and diameter at the stand level consequently increased. Our results indicated that stands with complete left-sided or normal ontogenetic structure (composed primarily of late virginal firs or firs in young reproductive stage) are more resistant to invasion by the four-eyed fir bark beetle. By contrast, fir forests characterized by more right-sided ontogenetic structure (composed primarily of mature and old reproductive firs), exhibited the least resistance and, with rare exception, degraded rapidly in response to the invasion. Our results also pointed to a mechanism that initiates invasions of the four-eyed fir bark beetle in fir stands of all types of ontogenetic structure, which is the attack of virginal trees and trees in early reproductive stages. Trees up to average diameter are the most susceptible to invasions of the bark beetle. We identified thicker bark, larger DBH and low occurrence of heart rot as the most important parameters for indicating resistance at the single tree level. DBH and bark thickness (p<0.05) correlated significantly with tree health status in infested stands. Our overall assessment of the potential natural regeneration of damaged stands is that the Siberian fir forests are resilient to invasive species and that the fir ecosystems can potentially recover from this disturbance.

scholarly journals Distribution pattern of entry holes of the tree-killing bark beetle Polygraphus proximus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246812
Author(s):  
Shin-ya Takei ◽  
Kenta Köbayashi ◽  
Etsuro Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
Spatially Homogeneous ◽  
Aggregated Distribution ◽  
Bark Texture ◽  
Far Eastern

Bark beetles attack their hosts at uniform intervals to avoid intraspecific competition in the phloem. Bark texture and phloem thickness also affect bark beetle attacks, and the bark characteristics are not spatially homogeneous; therefore, the distribution patterns of entry holes can demonstrate an aggregated distribution. Polygraphus proximus Blandford (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) is a non-aggressive phloephagous bark beetle that feeds on Far Eastern firs. They have caused mass mortality in Russia and Japan. However, the distribution pattern of entry holes of P. proximus and spatial relationships with bark characteristics have not been studied. Thus, we investigated the distribution pattern of entry holes of P. proximus. The distribution of entry holes was significantly uniform in most cases. As the attack density increased, an aggregated distribution pattern within a short distance (< 4.0 cm) was observed. The rough bark had a significantly higher number of entry holes than the remaining bark. The distribution pattern of entry holes demonstrated a significantly aggregated spatial association with rough bark. Finally, rough bark around knots had significantly thicker phloem than the remaining barks. These suggest that P. proximus may preferentially attack rough bark to reproduce in the thicker phloem under a rough bark surface.

scholarly journals Spiders of the Udmurt Republic, Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artëm Sozontov
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Natural Zones ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
Regional Fauna

The long-term project "Spiders of the Udmurt Republic" (2007–2018) aimed to research spiders' regional fauna and zoogeography, diversity (including spatial and seasonal patterns) and habitat preferences. We performed the collection of spiders in all natural zones of the republic, habitats and vegetation layers, both at permanent sampling plots and through ad-hoc sampling en route. The dataset includes occurrences from 53 geographical points with 10,500 records and more than 35,000 specimens. This increases the existing data on Russian spiders on GBIF by four times, from 11,000 (excluding iNaturalist observations) to 46,000. The dataset allows for the exploration of regional fauna, local and general species distribution, spider phenology and habitat preferences for the purposes of monitoring and conservation.

scholarly journals The state of four-eyed fir bark beetle population and its role in the forests of the northeastern part of the «Kuznetsk Alatau» Reserve (Kemerovo Oblast)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.А. Кривец ◽  
Э.М. Бисирова ◽  
И.А. Керчев ◽  
Е.Н. Пац ◽  
Г.В. Симонова
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
Average Fecundity ◽  
Alien Pest

Опасный инвазионный вредитель пихты сибирской уссурийский полиграф Polygraphus proximus Blandf. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae) впервые обнаружен на территории заповедника Кузнецкий Алатау . Комплекс основных показателей популяции инвайдера в среднегорных пихтовых древостоях северовосточной части заповедника характеризует его численность как стабильно низкую. Доля деревьев, заселенных P. proximus и отработанных с его участием, в разных древостоях составляла 4,6 9,7 от общего числа отмирающих и погибших деревьев. Средняя плотность поселения родительского поколения 1,91,4 семей/дм2, суммарная длина маточных ходов в семье 6,32,1 см, средняя плодовитость самки 53,314,5 яиц средняя плотность молодого поколения жуков 1610,0 шт./дм2, средний коэффициент размножения 6,64,7. Основным фактором, определяющим низкий уровень численности уссурийского полиграфа в районе исследований, являются погодноклиматические условия частые и обильные осадки, препятствующие лету жуков в период расселения, короткий вегетационный период в горных районах, ограничивающий развитие второго поколения. Низкая численность P. proximus также обусловлена недостаточным кормовым ресурсом вследствие преобладания в древостоях здоровых и незначительно ослабленных деревьев и высокой активностью специализированных хищных энтомофагов рода Medetera. Роль уссурийского полиграфа в лесах северовосточной части заповедника Кузнецкий Алатау заключается в отработке естественного отпада пихты сибирской совместно с местными стволовыми дендрофагами, среди которых главное значение принадлежит черному пихтовому усачу Monochamus urussovi Fisсh. Foureyedfir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandf. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a dangerous invasive pest of Siberian fir, was noticed on the Kuznetsk Alatau Reserves territory for the first time. The complex of analyzed basic parameters of the alien pest population characterizes its abundance in the middle mountain fir stands of the northeastern part of the reserve as consistently low. The proportion of trees colonized by P. proximus and killed with its participation in different stands made up for 4.6 9.7 of the total number of dying and dead trees. The average density of the parent generation was 1.91.4 families/dm the total length of the maternal galleries per family is 6.32.1 cm the average fecundity of the female was 53.314.5 eggs. The average density of the young generation was 1610.0 beetles/dm the average breeding rate was 6.64.7. The main factor determining the low level of P. proximus population in the study area is weather and climatic conditions such as: frequent and heavy rainfalls that impede beetles during the period of dispersal flight and short vegetation season in mountainous areas, which limits the development of the second generation. The low population rate of the alien pest can also be explained by the prevalence of healthy and slightly weakened trees in the stands and high abundance of the specialized predator flies of the Medetera genus. Foureyed fir bark beetle in the forests of the northeastern part of the Kuznetsk Alatau Reserve involved in the process of elimination of weakened Siberian fir trees together with aboriginal stem dendrophagous insects, among which the main importance belongs to the longhorn beetle Monochamus urussovi Fisсh.

scholarly journals Migration Processes in the Modern Demographic Development of the Far Eastern Federal District: State and Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Ekaterina L. Motrich ◽  
◽  
Vladimir V. Zubkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

The article presents an analysis of migration processes (interregional, with the CIS countries and far abroad) that determine the dynamics of demographic development of the Far Eastern Federal District in 2018-2019. (within the new borders of the macroregion, taking into account the Republic of Buryatia and the Trans-Baikal Krai). The analysis of statistical data reveals the peculiarities of the current migration situation in the macroregion, and shows the risks in the long-term formation of the demographic potential of the Russian Far East. Based on the data obtained, proposals are formulated to attract and consolidate the population of the macroregion.

scholarly journals The entomofauna of scarabaeoidea beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabeoidea) in the Republic of Tatarstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Vitalievich Leontiev
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Data Book ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

An overview of the entomofauna of scarabaeoidea beetles in the Republic of Tatarstan is given according to the data of long-term observations in the Verkhneuslonsky, Kamsko-Ustinsky, Mamadyshsky, Eelabugsky, Tukaevsky, Nizhnekamsky, Cheremshansky districts. The location of the republic on the territory of the southern taiga and forest-steppe zones determines the diversity of the species composition of the scarabaeoidea beetles. In total, from 1993 to 2021 the author identified 63 species, belonging to 19 tribes, 13 subfamilies and 4 families. Of these, 7 species are included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Tatarstan: Lucanus cervus (Linnaeus, 1758), Dorcus parallelipipedus (Linnaeus, 1758), Ceruchus chrysomelinus (Hochenwarth, 1785), Trypocopris vernalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Polyphylla fullo (Linnaeus, 1758), Protaetia speciosissima (Scopoli, 1786), Osmoderma barnabita Motschulsky, 1845. From this list, 5 species are included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation: Lucanus cervus (Linnaeus, 1758), Ceruchus chrysomelinus (Hochenwarth, 1785), Trypocopris vernalis (Linnaeus, 1785), Protaetia speciosissima (Scopoli, 1786), Osmoderma barnabita Motschulsky, 1845. The list of some taxa is far from complete, some of them require a special study of faunism. The list of species is not exhaustive, especially for Subfamily Aphodiinae, which requires special research to complete. Protaetia fieberi (Kraatz, 1880) may be found in the Republic of Tatarstan with a high probability, this species is indicated for the neighboring Chuvash Republic and the Udmurt Republic. Previously, the author indicated this species as Potosia incerta in the 1990s, identified in the Verkhneuslonsky District, therefore, it is necessary to confirm the presence of the species on the territory of the republic at the present time.

scholarly journals Natural regeneration in Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) forests subjected to invasion of the four-eyed fir bark beetle (Polygraphus proximus Blandf.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Debkov
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Abies Sibirica ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study assessed the potential of natural regeneration (NR) of forests in Western Siberia, dominated by Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) and damaged due to the invasion of the four-eyed fir bark beetle (Polygraphus proximus Blandf.). The leading methods for investigating this problem are the sample plot method and the transect method, which allow revealing the features of NR, their morphological structure and spatial distribution. Analysis of the occurrence and structure of NR revealed a correlation between the degree of stand damage and sapling state. The spatial structure was highly heterogeneous, testifying the group location of NR and the variable density. For 63% of the sample plots, a decrease in saplings was recorded as a result of the impact of the four-eysouthern ed fir bark beetle. Most of the dead saplings were large (95%), and dead saplings accounted for 10–50%. A positive correlation was found between the decrease in saplings and the state of the fir forest. The number of saplings varied from 1,233 to 19,200 plants ha−1, with fir being the dominant species. Fir forests of Western Siberia, damaged by the four-eyed fir bark beetle, have the potential for regeneration.

Sinn Féin and the IRA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Sinn Fein ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Irish Republicanism ◽  
The Republic ◽  
British State ◽  
State Responses

When Sinn Féin and the IRA emerged in Northern Ireland in 1969 they used a combination of revolutionary politics and violence to an effort to overthrow British rule. Today, the IRA is in a state of ‘retirement’, violence is a tactic of the past, and Sinn Féin is a co-ruler of Northern Ireland and an ever growing political player in the Republic of Ireland. This is one of the most startling transformations of a radical violent movement into a peaceful political one in recent times. So what exactly changed within Irish republicanism, what remains the same, and, crucially, what caused these changes? Where existing studies explain the decision to end violence as the product of stalemate or strategic interplay with the British state, this book draws on a wealth of archival material and interviews to argue that moderation was a long-term process of increasing inclusion and contact with political institutions, which gradually extracted moderate concessions from republicanism. Crucially, these concessions did not necessitate republicans forsaking their long-term ethno-national goals. The book also considers the wider implications of Irish republicanism for other cases of separatist conflict, and has significance for the future study of state responses to violent separatism and of comparative peace processes.

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