Modeling of territories suitable for the habitat of Allium obliquum L., listed in the Red Book of Tomsk oblast, based on climatic data

Oblique onion – Allium obliquum – is included to the Tomsk Red Data Book with status 0 (probably an extinctspecies). The purpose of this study was to create a model of the territory, according to its climatic parameters, suitable for habitation of A. obliquum, as well as to reveal if the territory of Tomsk oblast as a whole is suitable for the growth of this species.Studies carried out using the MaxEnt algorithm showed that the current climatic conditions of Tomsk oblast as a whole arefavorable for A. obliquum occurence, and the climate change predicted by SCIRO for 2080 will not worsen them significantly.

FROM “RUSSIA” TO SIBERIA...: MODERN EXPEDITIONARY NOTES ABOUT THE UDMURTS OF THE KRASNOYARSK KRAI

The Udmurts moved to Siberia for two reasons: voluntarily during the Stolypin agrarian reform (1910-1912), and forcedly during the period of dekulakization (30s of the XX century). The settlers got a second homeland and compactly located in the Tomsk oblast and the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Three expeditions have been made to the Krasnoyarsk Udmurts so far: in 1974, 1991 and 2020. This article enters new scientific information about the modern state of the folklore tradition of the Udmurt settlers. The material was fixed on audio, photo and video equipment in three districts of the Krasnoyarsk krai: Birilyussky, Bolsheuluysky and Dzerzhinsky. The most of the memories are related to stories about the migration from Udmurtia to the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Special attention was paid to the celebrations and rituals held by local Udmurts. Some song genres were recorded: ritual (wedding, guest, feast) and non-ritual (traditional lyrical, author's and borrowed from the repertoire of neighboring ethnic groups-Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians). The main part of the songs belongs to the north-Udmurt tradition, as most of the performers are representatives of the Igrinsky district of Udmurtia.

Kaybasovo Poplar Forests (the Ob River, Tomsk Oblast, the Southern Taiga Subzone)

The Ob River basin is the last large fragment of the range of native Euro-Siberian poplar (Populus nigra, Populus alba) forests where these forests remain intact. The taiga section of the Ob River is occupied by the association Anemonidio dichotomi-Populetum nigrae Taran 1993, and the subtaiga, forest-steppe, and steppe sections are occupied by the association Equiseto hyemalis-Populetum nigrae Taran 1997. The purpose of the study is to determine the syntaxonomic status of poplar forests growing at the junction of the southern taiga and subtaiga subzones and to provide a detailed bryofloristic characterization thereof. Based on the Braun-Blanquet approach, we studied poplar forests located near the south border of the Ob River southern taiga section (Krivosheinsky district, Tomsk Oblast, Russia, surroundings of the Kaybasovo research station, 57º14′44″N, 84º11′05″E). In the forests, average species saturation by vascular plant species is 32.3 species per 100 m2, and its range is 13–56 species/100 m2. Moss flora includes 51 species. Average species saturation by mosses is 15.4 species per 100 m2, and its range is 10–21 species/100 m2. Based on the new data, total moss flora of the Ob poplar forests has increased from 73 species to 86 species and 1 variety (by 19 %), moss flora of the poplar forests of the taiga zone – from 59 species to 81 species and 1 variety (by 39 %). We identify Kaybasovo poplar forests as the new variant, Stellaria bungeana, of the subassociation Equiseto hyemalis-Populetum nigrae betuletosum pubescentis Taran 1997 (Equiseto hyemalis-Populion nigrae Taran 1997, Salicetalia purpureae Moor 1958, Salicetea purpureae Moor 1958)

The Concept “Family” in the Oral Autobiographical Stories of Siberians

The aim of the article is to analyze the implementation of the concept “family” in the speech genre of an autobiographical story. The research material is 200 oral autobiographical stories, which were recorded in the villages of Tomsk Oblast during dialectological expeditions from 1946 till 2021. The informants are residents of villages of Tomsk Oblast; they are representatives of different types of speech culture (native speakers of dialect and literary language). All stories are characterized by a relatively stable theme, means of language implementation, and structure, which allows qualifying them as a speech genre whose communicative purpose is to tell about life from the moment of birth to the moment of communication. The novelty of the article is connected with: (1) its appeal to the problem of interaction and mutual influence of the concept and the speech genre in oral everyday discourse, (2) the identification of cognitive features of the concept, (3) the definition of factors of transformation of ideas about the family in ordinary consciousness. The analysis of the concept makes it possible to obtain new data about the speech genre of the autobiographical story and its construction. The speech genre shows the dependence of the features of the content and implementation of the concept “family” on the sphere of functioning. This factor determines the theoretical significance of the results obtained. The analysis of the concept in the speech genre is carried out using the method of modeling and description of the conceptual, figurative, and value layers in the structure of the concept. As a result of contextual analysis, 16 cognitive features were identified; they are represented in the conceptual layer of the concept “family” and actualized in the speech of informants (family size, social status, compliance with moral norms, relations between family members, attitude to work, etc.). The conceptual layer is developed in detail in the oral everyday communication of Siberians. It is represented by a large number of lexical units. The figurative layer of the concept is characterized by single actualizations. At the same time, the variety of their expression is noted: metaphor, metonymy, comparisons are used. The world of the family can form the initial and resulting spheres of metaphorical models. In the initial sphere, the world of plants (roots, mushrooms), products (noodles) is mainly reflected; the semantics of unity and kinship is actualized in the initial sphere. The value layer of the concept “family” is well represented in the oral autobiographical discourse. It indicates that the family occupies one of the main places in the system of life values of peasants. The specifics of structuring this concept in the oral everyday discourse are determined mainly by the attitudes, norms of traditional culture (the family should be large, friendly, hardworking, young members of family honor the older ones, etc.). At the same time, changes in the system of family values determined by sociohistorical processes are noted. These changes are evaluated ambiguously by informants, and the family is still one of the main values of life for them. Regional (natural, social, historical, geographic) specificity is reflected in the actualization of the concept.

Final “Beneficiaries” and Main Creditors of Loss-Making “Entrepreneurial” Activities

This article examines loss-making entrepreneurial activity, which is understood as the entrepreneurial activity of companies that have shown unprofitable results of their economic activities for several periods. The reasons for this can be different, such as using the company as cost centers in a group of companies; reflection of incomplete profits through transfer pricing, cost reduction (payment of taxes, fines), falsification of reporting data, etc. The main, final “beneficiaries” and “creditors” of companies’ activities are the state and foreign investors. They deal with the consequences of such activities that range from a decrease in tax revenues to a distortion of official statistics that serve as an important signal for economic policy. Consequently, there is a need to assess the performance of such unprofitable companies. The aim of the article is to develop methodological aspects of measuring the scale of shadow economic activity, identify problems in such a complex and multifaceted process, and propose ways to solve them. The calculation methodology is based on the analysis of the dynamics of the development of companies in Tomsk Oblast in the period from 1991 till 2021. The results of unprofitable “entrepreneurial” activities are assessed based on the analysis of the economic efficiency of 83,549 companies in Tomsk Oblast. The Index of Bad Faith is made to assess the size of the shadow economy as a percentage of GRP. It combines the factors of income from entrepreneurial activities (data on it is distorted), hired workers (unregistered or hidden from the authorities), and envelope wages. The share of the retained number of inactive companies for 10 years is found, minus the rate of natural decline in the number of companies in the total number of retained companies for 10 years from 1991 till 2001 and from 2001 till 2021. The average value obtained for these two periods is the size of the Index of Bad Faith equal to 39% and showing an upward trend. The index retains its structure and is working regardless of the organizational and legal form and industry of the enterprise, which is proved by the example of unitary enterprises and companies in the construction industry. The results of the study show that most of the existing methods are applicable to assess the state as a whole, and, due to the lack of indicators, they cannot be applied in assessing the shadow economy of the region. The proposed Index can be used to assess the shadow digital economy in the regions. Methods for minimizing such “unprofitable activities” were also proposed: creating an information accounting and analytical system, reducing the tax burden, systematizing the processes and accounting for the registration of companies in order to prevent the formation of new ones after admitting the reasons for unfair business conduct of the previous ones in terms of evasion in repaying debts to creditors, etc.

Complex reasons of decreases in fertility of Tomsk oblast soils

Agricultural industry is the biggest intersectoral complex. The first priority of any country is to secure supply of abundant and safe food for the population. In 2017, Russian minister of agriculture A.N. Tkachev noted that Russia is able to feed itself and will be able to do so in the future as well. The task put forward by Vladimir Putin is to guarantee that at least 90% of food on market shelves is made domestically. This article examines specifics of land use in Tomsk oblast and fulfillment of governmental tasks.

The Didactic Function of the Autobiographical Story (On the Dialect Material)

The aim of the article is to identify the means of linguistic expression of the di-dactic function and the factors of this function’s implementation in dialectal autobio-graphical stories. The material of the research is 120 oral autobiographical stories, which were recorded in Tomsk Oblast from the 1960s to 2018 during dialectological expeditions. The source of the material is the texts of the Tomsk dialect corpus (http://losl.tsu.ru/?q=corpus), as well as audio recordings of dialect speech, made by the author of the article during the expeditions in villages Pervomayskoe, Pervomayskiy District of Tomsk Oblast, in 2008, and Melnikovo, Shegarskiy District of Tomsk Ob-last, in 2017–2019. The didactic function is understood as the ability of autobiographical stories, in a broad sense, to be a tool of training, education, transfer of important knowledge about the world, accompanied by the desire of the stories’ authors to teach interlocutors, to explain something to them, to give advice. The author of the article identified the factors of implementing the didactic function in the autobio-graphical story. Among them are: 1) the specificity of dialect discourse: it is focused on tradition, its preservation and translation; 2) the genre of the material: since autobio-graphical texts have a retrospective orientation, informants, reporting on their lives, give an example, a model for the interlocutor to follow, or, vice versa, to avoid errors in life, not to repeat them; 3) the communicative situation and its components: first of all, these are participants of communication – a dialectologist and an informant; they be-long to different types of culture, and informants therefore strengthen the interpretive element in their stories, explaining what a word means, where and how an object is used, etc. As a rule, informants are older, so they give recommendations to dialectolo-gists, teach them: Now, girls, you live in a good century. It is just necessary to work, just to work. To learn, to work, and then all will be well. So, girls, live, take care of your life. Take care of life. The theme, time and space of communication were also identified among the components of the communicative situation. All these factors take part in the representation of the didactic function. It is determined that didacticism can be expressed in the speech genres of advice, explanation, and culinary recipe. The di-dactic function is represented by imperative statements, words of the category of state, statements reflecting informants’ values and ideas about ethical and moral categories, by infinitive constructions, statements with verbs in the form of abstract present or fu-ture tenses, lexemes expressing moral values. It has been determined that the didacti-cism of autobiographical texts is associated with the self-reflection of informants about their lives and, more broadly, with the analysis of generational experience.