scholarly journals Pour point depressants for fuels based on tall oil fatty acid esters

Author(s):  
А.В. Курзин ◽  
А.Н. Евдокимов

С целью расширения области применения жирных кислот таллового масла – побочного продукта сульфатной варки целлюлозы (которые преимущественно состоят из непредельных С18-кислот), в том числе за счет получения различных синтетических продуктов на их основе, синтезированы соответствующие этиленгликолевый и додециловый эфиры. Изучена возможность применения указанных сложных эфиров в качестве депрессорных присадок для марок универсального топливного мазута и судового экологического топлива. Жирные кислоты этерифицированы 1-додеканолом и этиленгликолем в присутствии катализатора п-толуолсульфокислоты. Температуру текучести топлив определяли ручным методом по стандарту ASTM D97. Температура текучести топлива судового экологического снизилась с +21 до 0 °С при использовании 2% додецилового эфира жирных кислот в качестве присадки. Установлено, что синтезированные эфиры жирных кислот таллового масла снижают температуру текучести остаточных топлив на уровне, сравнимом с применением промышленно производимой депрессорной присадки, что позволяет расширить сырьевую базу присадок этого типа и сократить закупки по импорту, а также более глубоко использовать жирные кислоты таллового масла в органическом синтезе. In order to expand the field of application of tall oil fatty acids, a by-product of sulfate pulping (which mainly consist of unsaturated C18 acids), including the production of various synthetic products based on them, the corresponding ethylene glycol and dodecyl esters have been synthesized. The possibility of application the esters as pour point depressants for grades of universal fuel oil and marine ecological fuel has been studied. Fatty acids were esterified with 1-dodecanol and ethylene glycol in the presence of a p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst. The pour point of the fuels was determined manually according to the ASTM D97 standard. The pour point of ecological marine fuel decreased from +21 to 0 °C when using 2% dodecyl ester of fatty acids as an additive. It was found that the synthesized esters of tall oil fatty acids reduce the pour point of residual fuels at a level comparable to the use of a commercially produced depressant additive, which makes it possible to expand the feedstock base of this type of additives and reduce import purchases, as well as to use more extensively tall oil fatty acids in organic synthesis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Kellerer ◽  
Karin Kleigrewe ◽  
Beate Brandl ◽  
Thomas Hofmann ◽  
Hans Hauner ◽  
...  

Background: Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are a group of fatty acids with potential anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. The blood levels of FAHFAs and their regulation in humans have hardly been studied.Objective: We aimed to investigate serum FAHFA levels in well-characterized human cohorts, to evaluate associations with age, sex, BMI, weight loss, diabetic status, and diet.Methods: We analyzed levels of stearic-acid-9-hydroxy-stearic-acid (9-SAHSA), oleic-acid-9-hydroxy-stearic-acid (9-OAHSA) and palmitic-acid-9-hydroxy-palmitic-acid (9-PAHPA) as well as different palmitic acid-hydroxy-stearic-acids (PAHSAs) by HPLC-MS/MS with the use of an internal standard in various cohorts: A cohort of different age groups (18–25y; 40–65y; 75–85y; Σn = 60); severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and non-obese controls (Σn = 36); obese patients with and without diabetes (Σn = 20); vegetarians/vegans (n = 10) and omnivores (n = 9); and young men before and after acute overfeeding with saturated fatty acids (SFA) (n = 15).Results: Omnivores had substantially higher FAHFA levels than vegetarians/vegans [median (25th percentile; 75th percentile) tFAHFAs = 12.82 (7.57; 14.86) vs. 5.86 (5.10; 6.71) nmol/L; P < 0.05]. Dietary overfeeding by supplementation of SFAs caused a significant increase within 1 week [median tFAHFAs = 4.31 (3.31; 5.27) vs. 6.96 (6.50; 7.76) nmol/L; P < 0.001]. Moreover, obese patients had lower FAHFA levels than non-obese controls [median tFAHFAs = 3.24 (2.80; 4.30) vs. 5.22 (4.18; 7.46) nmol/L; P < 0.01] and surgery-induced weight loss increased 9-OAHSA level while other FAHFAs were not affected. Furthermore, significant differences in some FAHFA levels were found between adolescents and adults or elderly, while no differences between sexes and between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals were detected.Conclusions: FAHFA serum levels are strongly affected by high SFA intake and reduced in severe obesity. Age also may influence FAHFA levels, whereas there was no detectable relation with sex and diabetic status. The physiological role of FAHFAs in humans remains to be better elucidated.Trial Registration: All studies referring to these analyses were registered in the German Clinical Trial Register (https://www.drks.de/drks_web/) with the numbers DRKS00009008, DRKS00010133, DRKS00006211, and DRKS00009797.


2018 ◽  
Vol 458 ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Hümmer ◽  
Selin Kara ◽  
Andreas Liese ◽  
Ina Huth ◽  
Jens Schrader ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document