scholarly journals Pecan Shell Mulch Impact on ‘Loring’ Peach Tree Establishment and First Harvest

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric T. Stafne ◽  
Charles T. Rohla ◽  
Becky L. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Peach Trees

Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) shells are waste products that are occasionally used for mulch in ornamental landscape settings, yet most shell waste is left in piles near the shelling facility or discarded by other methods. If another use for this waste product could be developed, it may add income for pecan producers and provide peach (Prunus persica) growers with another option for weed control. A block of ‘Loring’ peach trees grafted onto ‘Halford’ rootstocks was planted at a spacing of 18 × 22 ft in Feb. 2005 at the Cimarron Valley Research Station near Perkins, OK, to determine the effect of pecan shell mulch on peach trees. Five treatments were imposed: no weed control except mowing (MOW), weed-free 6- × 6-ft area maintained with glyphosate herbicide (SPRAY), 6-ft × 6-ft × 2-inch deep mulch (TWO), 6-ft × 6-ft × 4-inch deep mulch (FOUR), and 6-ft × 6-ft × 6-inch deep mulch (SIX). Yields in 2008 were poorest in the MOW treatment (13.2 kg/tree and 93 fruit/tree). All other treatments did not differ. Soluble solids concentration as a measure of fruit quality and fruit weight was unaffected by treatment. Tree height, pruning weights, and trunk cross-sectional area were similar with the exception that MOW was lower for all three growth measurements beginning in 2007. Pecan mulch appears to have the potential to reduce soil pH. Foliar analysis for nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn) showed treatment differences in 2006. No treatment differences were evident in 2007 and 2008 for K and Zn, but in 2008, FOUR had greater N than MOW. Tree mortality increased with pecan mulch depth. MOW, SPRAY, and TWO had little tree loss (0%–5%), whereas FOUR and SIX had 15% and 35% mortality, respectively. Tree mortality was attributed to record rains in 2007 coupled with longer soil moisture retention under the deeper mulch.

scholarly journals Field Performance of Guardian™ Peach Rootstock Selections

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1049-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Wilkins ◽  
R.C. Ebel ◽  
W.A. Dozier ◽  
J. Pitts ◽  
D.J. Eakes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Peach Trees

Twelve peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] seedling rootstocks [Lovell, Nemaguard, Flordaguard, 14DR51, five Guardian™ (BY520-9) selections, and three BY520-8 selections] budded with `Cresthaven' were planted in 1994 and evaluated through 2000 to determine performance under commercial management practices. Mesocriconema xenoplax population densities were above the South Carolina nematicide treatment threshold of 50 nematodes/100 cm3 of soil after 1996. However, symptoms of peach tree short life (PTSL) were not observed. Tree mortality was less than 14% through 1999, with most of the dead trees exhibiting symptoms consistent with Armillaria root rot. About 13% of the surviving trees in 1999 were removed in 2000 due to symptoms of phony peach. There were no differences in tree mortality among rootstocks. Tree growth, photosynthesis, and suckering varied among rootstocks, but leaf conductance, internal CO2, and leaf transpiration did not. Foliar calcium, magnesium, iron, and phosphorus varied among rootstocks, but all were within the range considered sufficient for peach trees. Fruit yield varied among rootstocks, but yield efficiency did not, indicating that higher yield corresponded with larger trees. Bloom date did not vary among rootstocks, but harvest date was advanced as much as 2 days for some rootstocks, compared to Lovell. Fruit weight varied among rootstocks but skin color, flesh firmness, and soluble solids content were similar. All rootstocks performed satisfactorily for commercial peach production.

scholarly journals Influence of plum rootstocks on agronomic performance, leaf mineral nutrition and fruit quality of ‘Catherina’ peach cultivar in heavy-calcareous soil conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Mestre ◽  
Gemma Reig ◽  
Jesús A. Betrán ◽  
María-Ángeles Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Ebro Valley ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Solids Content

The agronomic performance and leaf mineral nutrition of the non-melting clingstone peach cv. ‘Catherina’ was evaluated on seven hexaploid plum rootstocks, as well as one Prunus persica seedling. They were assessed over a period of 15 years in a field trial at the Experimental Station of Aula Dei-CSIC (Zaragoza, Spain), located in the Ebro Valley (NE Spain). Growing conditions generated varying levels of tree mortality, the highest with Constantí 1, Monpol and Montizo, whereas all Adesoto, GF 655/2 and PM 105 AD trees survived well. GF 655/2 and P. Soto 67 AD proved to be the most dwarfing rootstocks, while Constantí 1 and Monpol were the most invigorating and generated greater cumulative yields. However, the highest yield efficiency was recorded on GF 655/2 and Montizo, although they did not differ significantly from Adesoto and P. Soto 67 AD. The highest average values for fruit weight were observed on PM 105 AD and the lowest on GF 655/2, but they did not differ significantly from the rest of the rootstocks. The highest average values for the soluble solids content was observed on the Pollizo rootstocks Adesoto and PM 105 AD, followed by P. Soto 67 AD. All rootstocks induced N deficiency, with the exception of Constantí 1, GF 655/2 and Montizo, and iron deficiency, except PM 105 AD. The invigorating rootstock Constantí 1 seems to induce higher SPAD values. According to the ΣDOP index, Montizo presented the most suitable balanced nutritional index, but it did not differ significantly from the rest of the rootstocks except GF 655/2 and P. Soto 67 AD.

scholarly journals Prunus Rootstock Affect Long-term Orchard Performance of `Redhaven' Peach on Brookston Clay Loam

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E.C. Layne
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Tree Survival

Performance of `Redhaven' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] propagated on nine experimental Prunus rootstock was evaluated over 8 years beginning in 1984, in a randomized complete-block experiment with 10 replications on a Brookston clay loam soil type near Harrow, Ont. This experiment was part of an interregional NC-140 peach rootstock experiment. Significant rootstock-induced effects were noted for increase in trunk cross-sectional area, cumulative tree height and spread, cumulative number of root suckers, yield, average fruit weight, yield efficiency, winter injury, cold hardiness, and tree survival. None of the clonally propagated rootstock gave satisfactory overall performance. All trees on GF655-2, 80% on GF677, 60% Self-rooted, and 50% on GF1869 were dead by the eighth year. In addition, suckering was a major problem on GF1869 and a moderate problem on GF655-2. `Citation' induced the most scion dwarfing but had the lowest yields and low yield efficiency. When yield, yield efficiency, fruit size, and tree mortality were considered together, the four peach seedling rootstock performed better than the other Prunus rootstocks and were ranked as follows: Siberian C, Halford, Bailey, and Lovell. Of these, the first three could be recommended with the most confidence to commercial growers who grow peaches on fine-textured soils in northern regions.

Early performance of micropropagated trees of several Malus and Prunus cultivars on their own roots

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Quamme ◽  
R. T. Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
Peach Trees

Early performance (6–8 yr) of Macspur McIntosh, Golden Delicious, and Spartan apple (Malus domestica Borkh.); Fairhaven peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.]; Montmorency sour cherry (P. cerasus L.); and Lambert sweet cherry (P. avium L.) trees, tissue cultured (TC) on their own roots, was compared with that of the same cultivars budded on commercially used rootstocks. TC trees of all apple cultivars were similar in size to trees budded on Antonovka seedling or M.4 and exceeded the size of trees budded on M.26. They were delayed in flowering and in cropping compared with trees budded on M.26 and M.4. No difference in titratable acidity, soluble solids, flesh firmness, weight, flavor, and color between fruit from TC trees and from trees on M.4 and Antonovka seedlings was detected in 1 yr of measurement. However, fruit from TC Golden Delicious was more russeted and fruit from TC Spartan had more soluble solids. The difference in fruit appearance between TC and budded trees may result from a root-stock effect or a difference in budwood source, because Spartan fruit from trees on M.4 was more russeted than Spartan fruit from TC trees, but was not different from Spartan fruit from trees on Antonovka seedling. Trees of Macspur McIntosh on TC M.26 and on stool-layered M.26 were similar in size and yield efficiency. TC Fairhaven was larger in size than Fairhaven on Siberian C seedling, but was less yield efficient. No difference in fruit size, flesh firmness, or color was detected between fruit harvested from peach trees on the different roots. Montmorency and Lambert TC and on F12/1 were similar in tree size, respectively, but Montmorency and Lambert TC were more yield efficient than on F12/1. Fruit of TC Lambert was lighter in color and had higher titratable acidity than that of Lambert on F12/1, perhaps a result of earlier fruit maturity. Key words: Apple, peach, sweet cherry, sour cherry, self-rooted, rootstocks

scholarly journals Peach Fruit Quality Is Affected by Shade during Final Swell of Fruit Growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Donald Sowers ◽  
Michele Choma Marini
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
The Relationship

Girdled or nongirdled `Biscoe' peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) secondary scaffold branches were covered with shade fabric to provide a range of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) from 44 to 20 days before harvest (DBH), from 20 to 0 DBH or 44 to 0 DBH. Fruit quality was affected differently by the various periods of shade during the final swell of fruit development. Shading 40 to 20 DBH did not affect fruit weight or quality, whereas shading 44 to 0 DBH had the greatest effect on fruit weight and quality. Fruit quality was generally similar on branches exposed to 100% and 45% incident PPFD (IPPFD). Fruit on” girdled branches generally responded to shade more than fruit on nongirdled branches. Fruit weight was positively related to percent IPPFD for girdfed but not nongirdled branches shaded 20 to 0 DBH and 44 to DBH. On nongirdled branches, fruit exposed to 45% IPPFD for 44 to 0 DBH had 14% less red color and 21% lower soluble solids content (SSC) than nonshaded fruit. Harvest was delayed >10 days and preharvest fruit drop was increased by shading to <23% IPPFD. Shading branches for 20 to 0 or 44 to 0 DBH altered the relationship between flesh firmness and ground color: Firmness declined as ground color changed from green to yellow for fruit shaded 44 to 20 DBH, but firmness declined with little change in ground color for fruit shaded 20 to 0 or 44 to 0 DBH. Girdling results indicated that fruit weight and SSC partially depended on photosynthate from nonshaded portions of the canopy, whereas fruit redness, days from bloom to harvest, and ground color depended on PPFD in the vicinity of the fruit.

scholarly journals Nutrient element variability of peach trees and tree mortality in relation to cultivars and rootstocks

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Tsipouridis CG ◽  
Simonis AD ◽  
S. Bladenopoulos ◽  
Issakidis AM ◽  
Stylianidis DC
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Nutrient Element ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Peach Orchard ◽  
Leaf N

Leaf samples from 12 peach cultivars (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch.) (Early Crest, May Crest, Flavor Crest,Sun Crest, Fayette, Katherina, Loadel, Andross, Everts, May Grand, Firebrite and Fairlane) grafted on four peach root-stocks were analyzed for their nutrient content. The analysis of variance for leaf nutrient concentrations indicated very significant effects and interactions among cultivars and rootstocks. The rootstock effect on the absorption of nutrient elements was higher for Ca, K, P, Mg, N, and lower for Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, and B. Generally cultivars grafted on GF 677 had higher N, K, Fe, Cu and lower Zn, Mn, and B, while leaves from cultivars grafted on wild seedlings were found to contain higher Mg and lower P, K, Fe concentrations. Leaf B and Ca were higher for cultivars grafted on Sant Julien GF 655/2, while cultivars on Damas GF 1869 had higher P, Zn, Mn and lower N, B, Ca, Cu concentrations. Leaf N was lower for Fayette on all four rootstocks and significantly different from all other cultivars. Leaf P was lower for Everts and higher for Katherina. Lower concentrations were observed in Early Crest for Fe and Zn, in Andross for Mn, and in Loadel for B, while Flavor Crest had higher concentrations of all these elements. Leaf Zn was the highest for Sun Crest on wild seedling and the lowest for Early Crest on the same rootstock. Similarly leaf N was the highest for Katherina on Damas and the lowest for Fayetteon the same rootstock. Also leaf Mg was the highest for Fayette on Damas and the lowest for Fairlane on Damas. Peach tree mortality was the highest for Damas 1869 and lowest for Sant Julien. Also tree mortality was highest for Early Crest and Sun Crest and lowest for May Grand, Firebrite, and Katherina. The observed trends in the leaf nutrient composition, as regards the cultivars, rootstocks and their interactions, emphasize the importance of these factors on a new peach orchard establishment and macro-microelement fertilization. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Influence of Pre- and Postharvest Summer Pruning on the Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality, and Carbohydrate Content of Early Season Peach Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ikinci
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Carbohydrate Accumulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Climate Conditions

Winter and summer pruning are widely applied processes in all fruit trees, including in peach orchard management. This study was conducted to determine the effects of summer prunings (SP), as compared to winter pruning (WP), on shoot length, shoot diameter, trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) increment, fruit yield, fruit quality, and carbohydrate content of two early ripening peach cultivars (“Early Red” and “Maycrest”) of six years of age, grown in semiarid climate conditions, in 2008 to 2010. The trees were grafted on GF 677 rootstocks, trained with a central leader system, and spaced 5 × 5 m apart. The SP carried out after harvesting in July and August decreased the shoot length significantly; however, it increased its diameter. Compared to 2009, this effect was more marked in year 2010. In general, control and winter pruned trees of both cultivars had the highest TCSA increment and yield efficiency. The SP increased the average fruit weight and soluble solids contents (SSC) more than both control and WP. The titratable acidity showed no consistent response to pruning time. The carbohydrate accumulation in shoot was higher in WP and in control than in SP trees. SP significantly affected carbohydrate accumulation; postharvest pruning showed higher carbohydrate content than preharvest pruning.

scholarly journals Flowering period and fruit quality of peach trees selections and cultivars in the metropolitan region of Curitiba

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselda Alves ◽  
Jhulia Gelain ◽  
Gloria Soriano Vidal ◽  
Cristiano Nunes Nesi ◽  
Louise Larissa May De Mio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the flowering period and the physicochemical characteristics of peaches, aiming to find those most promising for the diversification of the peach crop in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Paraná State. We evaluated 8 selections and three cultivars in Porto Amazonas and 10 cultivars in Araucaria for flowering period, fruit set, diameter and height of fruit, average fruit weight, the skin color, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio SS/ TA, hydrogen potential (pH). The flowering period occurred between late June and late September ranging from 16 to 25 days. The fruit set rate was greater than 50% for ‘Cascata 1513’, ‘Cascata 1429’, ‘Cascata 1577’, ‘Cascata 1743’ and for all cultivars in Araucaria. There were significant differences for the other variables assessed. It was concluded that in Araucária, ‘Charme’ and ‘Chimarrita’ are good planting options, have the same duration of the cycle (111 days), being ‘Charme’ a little later. Besides these, ‘Douradão’ and ‘Rubimel’ have good fruit size, moderate acidity and best SS/TA ratio, being earlier than the previous ones. ‘PS 25399’ is the earliest and showed reddish epidermis and great consumer interest. In Porto Amazonas, selections and cultivars tested produced little fruit of small size, being required more studies to be recommended in these area.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soil Volume on Young Peach Tree Growth and Water Use

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-M. Boland ◽  
P.D. Mitchell ◽  
I. Goodwin ◽  
P.H. Jerie
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tree Water Use ◽  
Soil Volume ◽  
Peach Trees

An experiment designed to study the effects of different root volumes was installed in Fall 1991. `Golden Queen' peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] were planted into different isolated soil volumes (0.025, 0.06, 0.15, 0.4, and 1.0 m3), which were essentially individual drainage lysimeters. Trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) increased from 5.76 to 14.23 cm2 for the smallest and largest volumes, respectively, while leaf area was 4.56 and 21.32 m2 for the respective treatments. Leaf size was not affected by soil volume. Soil volume was positively related to the number of lateral shoots produced, lateral shoot density, and internode length. Total flower bud number and flower bud density were inversely related to soil volume. Fruit set was similar among treatments despite an almost 4-fold difference in tree size. Tree water use (liters·mm-1 pan evaporation) increased with soil volume; however, when adjusted for tree size (tree water use per TCA), there were no consistent differences between treatments for tree water use over the season. These results suggest that trees planted in the smaller soil volumes were more efficient reproductively per unit of tree size and would be easier to manage in an ultra-high-density planting.

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF BENZYLADENINE AS A POSSIBLE CHEMICAL THINNER OF “EMPIRE”

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 592a-592
Author(s):  
V.E. Emongor ◽  
D.P. Murr ◽  
J.T.A Proctor ◽  
E.C. Lougheed
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Cambridge Research ◽  
Thinning Effect ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

Field trials at Cambridge Research Station, Ontario, Canada, studied the thinning effect of benzyladenine (BA) on eighteen-year-old “Empire” apple trees. At 16 days after full bloom (fruit diameter 12.87 mm) whole trees were hand sprayed to drip point with BA (0, 100, or 200 mg.1-1). Untreated control trees were compared with treated and hand thinned trees. BA significantly reduced crop load on “Empire”. The thinning response to BA was linear, with recommended thinning occurring at 200 mg.1-1. At harvest, fruit weight, size (diameter and length), flesh firmness and soluble solids concentration, chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, and seed number were increased by BA treatments. BA had no effect on fruit L:D ratio, internal ethylene concentration, maturity, and the onset of the respiratory climacteric, but significantly reduced respiration at harvest. BA also reduced ethylene production and ACC content at harvest, though the reduction was not significant. Although firmness of BA-treated fruit was significantly higher at harvest, upon storage for 1 month at 0-0.5°C and 90-95% RH the firmness advantage was lost BA shows potential as a thinner of “Empire” apple and has advantage of increasing fruit weight and size, since “Empire” is a relatively small apple compared to other commercial cultivars.

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