scholarly journals THE ROLE OF BORON IN FLOWERING AND FRUIT SET

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1161b-1161
Author(s):  
Patrick H. Brown ◽  
Louise Ferguson ◽  
Geno Picchioni
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
In Vitro Pollen Germination ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
In Vitro Measurements ◽  
Uptake Studies

The uptake and distribution of foliar and soil applied boron has been followed in a seven year old pistachio orchard by utilizing 10B isotope dilution techniques and ICP-MS determination. In conjunction with these uptake studies, in-vivo and in-vitro measurements of pollination and fruit set have been used to determine the role of boron in flowering and fruit set.Foliar applications of boron (1, 2.5 and 5 kg/400 l) resulted in improved fruit set when compared to control trees receiving no supplemental B even when tissue B levels in these control trees appeared adequate (>60 μg/g dwt). Results indicate that B applied to male trees in the late dormant phase (february) is effective in enhancing in-vitro pollen germination by as much as 50%. Movement of B into flower buds and fruit clusters was verified using 10B techniques thus demonstrating the potential usefulness of this technique in correcting incipient B deficiency. A possible role of B in the flowering and fruiting process is discussed.

scholarly journals The effect of pollenizer on the fruit set of plum cultivar Cacanska Najbolja

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Nikolic ◽  
Vera Rakonjac ◽  
Milica Fotiric-Aksic
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
In Vitro Pollen Germination ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Very High

In this paper, during a 4-year period (2003-2006) effects of six pollenizers (President, Italian Prune, Stanley, Cacanska Rodna, Agen 707, and California Blue) on the degree of fruit set in the plum cultivar Cacanska Najbolja were examined. Besides the controlled pollination of this cultivar, open pollination was investigated. Functional pollen ability in pollenizer-cultivars was established by in vitro pollen germination. Degree of fruit set was determined comparing the number of fruit set (10 days after pollination, 21 days after pollination and number of harvested fruits) against the number of pollinated flowers. The results indicated that all pollenizer cultivars, studied in this paper, possessed satisfactory in vitro pollen germination (30.1-67.4%). The number of fruit set determined 10 days after pollination was very high and did not differ among pollenizers. Highly significant differences were found between the pollenizers in the number of fruit set 21 days after pollination and significant ones in relation to the number of harvested fruits. Compared to open pollination, higher number of fruit set 21 days after pollination and higher number of harvested fruits were obtained when cultivars Stanley (17.0%; 7.6%) and Italian Prune (14.6%; 6.9%) were used as pollenizers, therefore those cultivars are recommendable as good pollenizers for the cultivar Cacanska Najbolja.

scholarly journals Investigations of suitable pollinator for 0900 Ziraat sweet cherry cv.: pollen performance tests, germination tests, germination procedures, in vitro and in vivo pollinations

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tosun ◽  
F. Koyuncu
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Pollen Performance ◽  
Growth Experiments

The objective of this study was to determine suitable cultivars to be used as pollinators for 0900 Ziraat. 0900 Ziraat was used as a female cultivar; Bigarreu Gaucher, Bing, Noble, Starks Gold, Stella, Van, and Vista were used for pollination in the experiments. Starks Gold had the highest values in terms of anther number, average number of pollens per anther, number of pollen per flower and the morphological homogeneity. The pollen viability rates showed significant differences according to stain tests. <i>In vitro</i> pollen germination in 0.5% agar + 15% sucrose + 5 ppm boric acid medium increased with increasing incubation period, and the highest germination was obtained after 48 hours for all cultivars. In orchard trials parallel to pollen tube growth experiments in the laboratory, 0900 Ziraat &times; Starks Gold combination gave the best fruit set results.

Reduction of intrinsic sinoatrial frequency and norepinephrine response of the exercised rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hughson ◽  
John R. Sutton ◽  
J. Desmond Fitzgerald ◽  
Norman L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sinoatrial Node ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Chronotropic Response ◽  
In Vitro Measurements ◽  
The Right

Physical training is associated with a reduction of intrinsic sinoatrial activity; the present study examined the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in this reduction. Six groups of rats were studied for 10 weeks: inactive control; treadmill exercised; parasympathetic receptor blockade with atropine; exercise plus atropine; parasympathetic receptor stimulation with carbachol; and exercise plus carbachol. In vivo ISF (cardiac frequency 20 min after injection of propranolol and atropine) was measured at 3-week intervals. At the end of 10 weeks the right atrium was excised, in vitro measurements were made of ISF, and chronotropic dose–response curves to acetylcholine and norepinephrine were established. In vivo, ISF was reduced with time, the greatest reduction being found in the exercise plus atropine group; the treadmill-exercised and the atropine-treated groups also had a greater reduction than the control group. In vitro, no differences were observed in acetylcholine responses. The maximum norepinephrine chronotropic response was reduced in the treadmill-exercised and the exercise plus atropine groups. The maximum norepinephrine-induced frequency correlated with the in vitro ISF (r = 0.75). Thus, ISF was reduced with training, but this effect was independent of parasympathetic activity. The properties of the sinoatrial node which set ISF also influenced the maximum norepinephrine response.

scholarly journals FLORAL-DERIVED VOLATILE COMPOUNDS: A ROLE IN POLLINATION?

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1128d-1128
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Archbold ◽  
Thomas R. Hamilton-Kemp ◽  
John H. Loughrin
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Capillary Gc ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Percent Germination

Volatile compounds, commonly produced by flowers during bloom, have been described as insect attractants. Some of these compounds stimulate Pinus pollen germination in vitro (French et al., 1979, J. Agric. Fd. Chem., 27184-187), suggesting that such compounds may do the same in vivo. Red Delicious apple pollen was germinated on agar in a simple, enclosed in vitro bioassay system in the presence of a number of plant tissues, including apple, tomato, and chrysanthemum leaves, apple flowers, rose petals, and apple fruit slices. These tissues represent a diversity of types of volatile compounds, Pollen germination was recorded by microphotography after 1 and 2 hours, and percent germination was determined. Although stimulation of germination was not observed, macerated tomato leaves inhibited it. To determine if the volatile characteristics of cultivars differ, flowers of Red Delicious and Golden Delicious apple were harvested at full bloom. Their volatiles were collected, identified, and quantitated by capillary GC-MS. Among 8 major compounds common in the two cultivars, several quantitative differences were observed. These results will be discussed in relation to the potential role of volatiles in pollen germination.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide and Temperature Influence Pollen Germination and Fruit Set in Cocoa

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1038-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Aneja ◽  
Thomas Gianfagna ◽  
Edward Ng ◽  
Ignacio Badilla
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Hand Pollination

The causes of poor fruit set of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in the greenhouse were studied by examining factors that may influence pollen germination. Hand pollination of cocoa flowers resulted in 45.8% fruit set when flowers were pollinated within 3 hours of anthesis. Pollen germination did not occur until about 6 hours after pollination. Later pollinations (7 to 9 hours after anthesis) or earlier pollinations (16 to 18 hours before anthesis) did not lead to fruit set. Cocoa pollen did not germinate in vitro unless the excised flowers were incubated for 6 hours at 25C in closed vials. During the incubation period, CO2accumulated to a final concentration of about 85 ml·liter-1 as a result of respiration. Ethylene production was not detectable. Incubation of flowers with a NaOH-saturated wick, to absorb CO2, prevented pollen germination in vitro. Incubation of flowers at 15C also prevented pollen germination in vitro at 25C. Hand pollination of flowers 7 to 9 hours after anthesis or 16 to 18 hours before anthesis using CO2-incubated pollen resulted in about 10% fruit set. Enclosed pollinations in vivo, in which CO2 was allowed to accumulate, resulted in nearly 100% fruit set. The initial failure to set fruit from hand pollinations may result from poor or slow pollen germination. Moreover, CO,-incubated pollen might be used to increase fruit set in cocoa by extending the effective pollination period.

scholarly journals Effect of Boron and Calcium Foliar Sprays on Pollen Germination and Development, Fruit Set, Seed Development, and Berry Yield and Quality in Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youzhi Chen ◽  
John M. Smagula ◽  
Walter Litten ◽  
Scott Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In a managed field of native Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. clones, the effect of fall foliar sprays of B at 345 g·ha-1 and/or Ca at 3,450 g·ha-1 in remedying tissue deficiency of B varied among 12 clones, as seen in pollen germinability and on individual stems as seen in flower number, fruit set, and number of harvestable berries. With Ca applied alone, increased berry size did not overcome yield reduction due to fewer flowers and berries per stem. Berry diameter and mass correlated better to number of seeds of germinable size than to total number of seeds. Pollen germination averaged 17.4% on stigmata from untreated clones, and all three treatments (B, Ca, B + Ca) increased that average by 8%. More seeds per berry with the B-alone treatment implies more ovules fertilized when B deficiency is remedied. No relation was found between in vitro and in vivo pollen germination.

scholarly journals Vitality and in vitro pollen germination of different ‘Oblacinska’ sour cherry clones

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-800
Author(s):  
Milica Fotiric-Aksic ◽  
Radosav Cerovic ◽  
Vera Rakonjac ◽  
Ivana Bakic ◽  
Slavica Colic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
In Vitro Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Tube Length

Vitality of pollen, in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth (pollen tube length and pollen tube growth rate) were investigated in Oblacinska sour cherry in order to determine the differences between clones which have divergent yielding potential. For this purpose two ?Oblacinska? sour cherry clones with high fruit set and high yields (II/2, III/9) and two with low fruit set and low-yielding (XI/3 and XIII/1) were used in this study. Pollen germination was done on artificial medium containing 14% sucrose and 0.3% agar-agar at room temperature (23?C). Pollen tube growth was stopped with a drop of 40% formaldehyde, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after contact with the medium. The maximum percentage of germination ranged from 13.01% (clone II/2, after 1 h) to 54.19% (clone III/9, after 24 h). Pollen tube length varied from 64.84 ?m (clone XIII/1, after 1 h) to >1,100 ?m (clones II/2 and III/9, after 24 h). Pollen growth rate was quite high (up to 1.71 ?m min-1) after 6 h of germination, but rather decreasing until 24 h of germination (0.56-0.83 ?m min-1). The dynamics of in vitro pollen tubes growth among the clones were quite different, especially after 12 h and 24 h of germination. Clones that are singled out as fruitful (II/2 and III/9) gave much better results regarding pollen germination and pollen tube growth in comparison to clones which were characterized by low fruit set and yields (XI/3 and XIII/1).

scholarly journals Initial and final fruit set in some plum (Prunus domestica L.) hybrids under different pollination types

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Glisic ◽  
Radosav Cerovic ◽  
Nebojsa Milosevic ◽  
Milena Djordjevic ◽  
Sanja Radicevic
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
In Vitro Pollen Germination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Research Institute

The paper presents results of two-year study (2009-2010) of initial and final fruit set in promising plum (Prunus domestica L.) hybrids developed at Fruit Research Institute - Cacak, under different pollination conditions. The following hybrids were studied: 38/62/70 (?Hall? x ?California Blue?), 32/21/87 (?Stanley? x ?Scoldus?), IV/63/81 (?Large Sugar Prune? x ?Scoldus?), 22/17/87 (?Cacanska Najbolja? x ?Zh'lta Butilcovidna?), 29/29/87 (?Stanley? x ?Scoldus?) and 34/41/87 (?Valjevka? x ?Cacanska Lepotica?). Each of the hybrids was studied both under self- pollination and open pollination. In vitro pollen germination was also performed as well as characteristics of flowering phenophase and flowering abundance. Generally, the results suggest lower flowering abundance in the second year of the study. Pollen germination ranged from averagely 25.31% (29/29/87) to 40.01% (38/62/70). With averagely 31.59% final fruit set under self-pollination and 29.38% under open pollination variants, respectively, hybrid 34/41/87 gave the best results. The lowest performance was observed in hybrid 32/21/87 with 1.61% and 7.69% final fruit set under self- and open pollination variants, respectively.

scholarly journals Genome wide transcriptome analysis reveals vital role of heat responsive genes in regulatory mechanisms of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Singh ◽  
Chandan Kumar Singh ◽  
Jyoti Taunk ◽  
Vasudha Jadon ◽  
Madan Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Sensitive Genotype ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

Abstract The present study reports the role of morphological, physiological and reproductive attributes viz. membrane stability index (MSI), osmolytes accumulations, antioxidants activities and pollen germination for heat stress tolerance in contrasting genotypes. Heat stress increased proline and glycine betaine (GPX) contents, induced superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and resulted in higher MSI in PDL-2 (tolerant) compared to JL-3 (sensitive). In vitro pollen germination of tolerant genotype was higher than sensitive one under heat stress. In vivo stressed pollens of tolerant genotype germinated well on stressed stigma of sensitive genotype, while stressed pollens of sensitive genotype did not germinate on stressed stigma of tolerant genotype. De novo transcriptome analysis of both the genotypes showed that number of contigs ranged from 90,267 to 104,424 for all the samples with N50 ranging from 1,755 to 1,844 bp under heat stress and control conditions. Based on assembled unigenes, 194,178 high-quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), 141,050 microsatellites and 7,388 Insertion-deletions (Indels) were detected. Expression of 10 genes was evaluated using quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Comparison of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under different combinations of heat stress has led to the identification of candidate DEGs and pathways. Changes in expression of physiological and pollen phenotyping related genes were also reaffirmed through transcriptome data. Cell wall and secondary metabolite pathways are found to be majorly affected under heat stress. The findings need further analysis to determine genetic mechanism involved in heat tolerance of lentil.

scholarly journals Fungicidal Inhibition of Pollen Germination and Germ-tube Elongation in Muskmelon

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Abbott ◽  
B.D. Bruton ◽  
C.L. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
In Vitro Pollen Germination ◽  
Cupric Hydroxide ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

Four fungicides were evaluated for their effects on in vitro pollen germination of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars TAM-Uvalde and Magnum 45. Cupric hydroxide, mancozeb, and chlorothalonil reduced the percentage of pollen that germinated and rate and length of germ-tube elongation, regardless of cultivar. Benomyl had very little overall effect on pollen germination or germ-tube elongation. With the effective pollination period of ≈ 10 to 14 days in commercial production, each day is critical for maximum crown set. Based on our results. some fungicides may be contributing to reduced fruit set in muskmelon.

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