scholarly journals DECLINE AND RECOVERY OF HEDGEROW WALNUTS FROM SUSTAINED DEFICIT IRRIGATION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 573b-573
Author(s):  
David A. Goldhamer ◽  
Robert Beede ◽  
Steve Sibbett ◽  
Dave Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Full Production ◽  
Production Losses

Mature hedgerow walnut trees (Juglans regia L. cv. Chico) were irrigated at rates of 33, 67, and 100% of potential orchard ETc (about 350, 700, and 1050 mm/season, respectively) for three years. All trees were then returned to 100% ETc for the subsequent three year period. Deficit irrigation reduced vegetative growth as measured by shaded area of the orchard floor and trunk growth. Yield reductions, which were minimal after one season, were significantly greater in years two and three. However, the relationships between crop yield and applied water were linear for all deficit irrigation seasons. Upon a return to full irrigation, trunk (and presumably shoot) growth of the previously stressed trees accelerated to levels greater than the control. The subsequent increase in fruiting positions resulted in a return to full production after two years. This suggests that hedgerow walnuts have the potential to recover rapidly from drought-induced production losses if no secondary effects of tree water stress, such as disease or pests, occur.

Deficit irrigation and the reuse of reclaimed water as strategies to cope with water scarcity in perennial crops. A summary of long-term trials within the H2020 SHUI project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Intrigliolo ◽  
Emilio Nicolas ◽  
Francisco Pedrero ◽  
Pedro Nortes ◽  
Juan José Alarcón
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Trial Duration ◽  
Citrus Grove ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

<p>In arid and semi-arid regions, restriction on water for agriculture is fostering the search of alternative water resources, such as the reuse of reclaimed water (RW), and water-saving techniques, such as regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies to cope with forecasted food production requirements. Two long-term experiments carried out by the CEBAS-CSIC team offer two scenarios: 1) Intensive cultivation of citrus in coastal areas and 2) extensive grape production for wine making in inland areas of Spain. Experiments in the Murcia Region (Spain) studied the physiological and agronomic effects of irrigating a young commercial grapefruit orchard with two water sources (saline RW versus conventional water). Water transferred from an irrigation canal (TW; electrical conductivity, EC≈1.3 dS m<sup>−1</sup>) and RW from a wastewater treatment plant (EC≈3.0 dS m<sup>−1</sup>) were compared, with control irrigation supplying 100% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) while the RDI treatment was irrigated at 50% of ETc during the 2<sup>nd</sup> stage of fruit growth Although the RDI treatment decreased annual irrigation volume by 13.2%, soil salinity substantially increased in summer in the RDI treatment While these treatments did not negatively affect vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality, trial duration (2008-2010) was short in relation to the commercial life of a citrus grove, requiring further research over a longer term. This highlights the need for a longer-term socio-economic analysis that is possible within projects of SHui’s duration (2018-2021). In grapevines research initiated in 2012 continues within SHui, to explore the effects of applying two different strategies: a) RDI in comparison with rainfed conditions and a full irrigation control. During the first three seasons (2012-2014), SDI was the preferred strategy to substantially improve yield (by 49%) compared to the rainfed regime, thereby significantly increasing water use efficiency (calculated considering both precipitation and irrigation). However, yield increments at 100% ETc were offset by detrimental effects that full irrigation had on grape composition. In this case, 8 years of these irrigation treatments produced similar results to the first three seasons of water application, suggesting cost benefit analyses of different deficit irrigation treatments over 3 may provide useful results to inform farmer choice</p>

scholarly journals `Umatilla Russet' and `Russet Legend' Potato Yield and Quality Response to Irrigation

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1117-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.C. Shock ◽  
E.B.G. Feibert ◽  
L.D. Saunders ◽  
S.R. James
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Ranger Russet ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Umatilla Russet

`Umatilla Russet' and `Russet Legend', two newly released potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars were compared with four established cultivars (`Russet Burbank', `Shepody', `Frontier Russet', and `Ranger Russet'). Potatoes were grown under four, season-long, sprinkler irrigation treatments in three successive years (1992-94) on silt loam soil in eastern Oregon. At each irrigation, the full irrigation treatment received up to the accumulated evapotranspiration (ETc) since the last irrigation. Three deficit irrigation treatments had progressively less water. The new cultivars `Umatilla Russet' and `Russet Legend' performed as well as or better than the other cultivars in the full irrigation treatment, with `Umatilla Russet' showing a higher yield potential at the higher water application rates than `Russet Legend'. All cultivars produced more U.S. No. 1 tubers than `Russet Burbank', except in 1993, an unusually cool and wet year. `Russet Legend' was the only cultivar showing a tolerance to deficit irrigation. In two out of the three years, `Russet Legend' was as productive of U.S. No. 1 yield over most of the range of applied water as `Shepody', `Frontier Russet', and `Ranger Russet' were at the higher end of the applied water range. Chemical names used: 0,0-diethyl S-[(ethylthio) methyl] phosphorodithioate (phorate); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin); and 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1methyl-ethyl) acetamide (metolachlor).

Effect of deficit irrigation during stage II and post-harvest on tree water status, vegetative growth, yield and economic assessment in ‘Angeleno’ Japanese plum

2015 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Samperio ◽  
María José Moñino ◽  
Antonio Vivas ◽  
Fernando Blanco-Cipollone ◽  
Abelardo García Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Japanese Plum ◽  
Post Harvest

scholarly journals WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES UNDER DEFICIT IRRIGATION

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Capra ◽  
Simona Consoli ◽  
Baldassare Scicolone
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Positive Effects

Deficit irrigation (DI) is an optimization strategy whereby net returns are maximized by reducing the amount of irrigation water; crops are deliberated allowed to sustain some degree of water deficit and yield reduction. Although the DI strategy dates back to the 1970s, this technique is not usually adopted as a practical alternative to full irrigation by either academics or practitioners. Furthermore, there is a certain amount of confusion regarding its concept. In fact, a review of recent literature dealing with DI has shown that only a few papers use the concept of DI in its complete sense (e.g. both the agronomic and economic aspects). A number of papers only deal with the physiological and agronomical aspects of DI or concern techniques such as Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) and Partial Root Drying (PRD). The paper includes two main parts: i) a review of the principal water management strategies under deficit conditions (e.g. conventional DI, RDI and PRD); and ii) a description of a recent experimental research conducted by the authors in Sicily (Italy) that integrates agronomic, engineering and economic aspects of DI at farm level. Most of the literature reviewed here showed, in general, quite positive effects from DI application, mostly evidenced when the economics of DI is included in the research approach. With regard to the agronomic effects, total fresh mass and total production is generally reduced under DI, whereas the effects on dry matter and product quality are positive, mainly in crops for which excessive soil water availability can cause significant reductions in fruit size, colour or composition (grapes, tomatoes, mangos, etc.). The experimental trial on a lettuce crop in Sicily, during 2005 and 2006, shows that the highest mean marketable yield of lettuce (55.3 t ha-1 in 2005 and 51.9 t ha-1 in 2006) was recorded in plots which received 100% of ET0-PM (reference evapotranspiration by the Penman- Monteith method) applied water. In the land-limiting case, the estimated optimal economic levels were quite similar to the optimal agronomic levels. In the waterlimiting case DI ranges, at least as profitable as full irrigation, were of 17-49% ET0-PM and of 71-90% ET0-PM in 2005 and 2006 respectively.

Effects of deficit irrigation and plant density on the growth, yield and fiber quality of irrigated cotton

2016 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Zhang ◽  
Zhen Luo ◽  
Suhua Liu ◽  
Weijiang Li ◽  
WeiTang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Growth Yield

scholarly journals Luxury transpiration of winter wheat and its responses to deficit irrigation in North China Plain

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Yueping ◽  
Gao Yang ◽  
Wang Guangshuai ◽  
Si Zhuanyun ◽  
Shen Xiaojun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Daily Transpiration

Reducing crop luxury transpiration is an important step in improving water productivity; water shortage regions are potential hotspots for studying physiological water conservation. This study investigated the amount of luxury transpiration in winter wheat and its responses to different irrigation treatments in North China Plain. The results showed that luxury transpiration existed and increased with growth of winter wheat and after rainfall. In each sampling day, the amount of luxury transpiration under full irrigation was significantly higher than that under deficit irrigation. The average amount of luxury transpiration was 258.87 g/m<sup>2</sup> under full irrigation, and 125.18 g/m<sup>2</sup> under deficit irrigation during the experimental period. Although the amount of luxury transpiration was 2.09-fold higher under full irrigation than that in deficit irrigation, the water loss ratio due to luxury transpiration in deficit irrigation (8.13%) was significantly higher than that in full irrigation (6.75%). Furthermore, the ratio between luxury transpiration amount and crop daily transpiration was revealed in all sampling dates. Therefore, deficit irrigation should be generalized in the water shortage area, because it can save irrigation water and reduce the amount of luxury transpiration. Full irrigation should be carried out in the water abundant region mainly for higher production.

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