scholarly journals 354 REDUCING ROOTING-OUT PROBLEMS IN POT-IN-POT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 481d-481
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

A study was conducted with Lagerstroemia indica x fauriei `Acom a' to evaluate methods for reducing rooting-out problems in a PIP production system. The products tested were Biobarrier™, a geotextile fabric impregnated with trifluralin; Root Control'” fabric bag material; and Spin Out™, a commercial formulation of copper hydroxide (7.1%) in latex paint. Biobarrier™ reduced plant height, shoot dry weight, percent root dry weight outside of the planted container and total biomass compared to the non-treated control. For the control, 7.1% of the total root dry weight was found between the holder pot and planted container compared to 0.2% for the Biobarrier™ treatment. When the holder pot and planted container or the planted container and Root Control™ fabric were both treated with Spin Out™, plant height and shoot dry weight were reduced. Spin Out™ reduced root circling on the sidewalls of the planted containers but not on the bottom of the containers. All treatments except the control reduced rooting-out to a degree that allowed for the manual harvesting of the planted container from the holder pot after seven months in the field.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Control Strategies for Reducing Rooting-Out Problems in Pot-In-Pot Production Systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Research has shown that a problem in pot-in-pot (PIP) production systems has been the growth of roots out of the planted container, through holes in the holder pot and into the surrounding soil. A study was conducted with Lagerstroemia indica x fauriei ‘Acoma’ to evaluate methods for reducing rooting-out problems in a PIP production system. The products tested were Biobarrier™, a geotextile fabric impregnated with trifluralin; Root Control™ fabric bag material; and Spin Out™, a commercial formulation of copper hydroxide (7.1%) in latex paint. Biobarrier™ reduced plant height, shoot dry weight, percent root dry weight outside of the planted container and total biomass compared to the non-treated control. For the control, 7.1% of the total root dry weight was found between the holder pot and planted container compared to 0.2% for the Biobarrier™ treatment. When the holder pot and planted container or the planted container and Root Control™ fabric were both treated with Spin Out™, plant height and shoot dry weight were reduced. Spin Out™ reduced root circling on the sidewalls of the planted containers but not on the bottom of the containers. All treatments except the control reduced rooting-out to a degree which allowed for the manual harvesting of the planted container from the holder pot after seven months in the field.

scholarly journals Production System and Copper Hydroxide Influences on Growth and Photosynthesis of Magnolia grandiflora `St. Mary'

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 795A-795
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Aboveground Production ◽  
Growth Production

A study was conducted with Magnolia grandiflora `St. Mary' to evaluate the effects of a pot-in-pot production system compared to a conventional aboveground production system and containers treated with or without copper hydroxide (Spin Out™). At 4 and 12 months after beginning the study, plants grown pot-in-pot were taller than plants in the conventional system. Stem diameters of plants grown pot-in-pot were also larger at 12 months. Production system influenced root dry weight in the outer 50% of the container, total root dry weight, percent root dry weight in the inner 50% of the container, percent root dry weight in the outer 50% of the container, and total biomass. Production system had no effect on shoot dry weight. Treatment with copper hydroxide had no effect on root or shoot growth. Production system and copper treatment influenced degree of root coverage. Plants grown pot-in-pot had higher rates of Ps and gs with increased Ci levels compared to plants above-ground. Production system had no effect on calculated transpiration rates.

scholarly journals Growth and Landscape Establishment of Pyracantha and Juniperus after Application of Paclobutrazol

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1318-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Juniperus Chinensis ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Landscape Establishment

The long-term effects of paclobutrazol applied to container-grown `Mojave' pyracantha (Pyracantha ×) and `San Jose' juniper (Juniperus chinensis L.) were investigated. Paclobutrazol was applied as a drench to container-grown (2.8 liter) plants at the rates of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg a.i./pot in June 1991, and plants were transplanted to the field in Feb. 1992. Pyracantha plant height, shoot and root dry weight, and total biomass (shoot dry weight + root dry weight) decreased quadratically as rate of paclobutrazol increased during nursery production. Paclobutrazol had no effect on plant height or shoot dry weight of Juniperus, although width indices were reduced. Ratings for root quality for Juniperus in containers increased as rate of paclobutrazol increased. After 9 months in the landscape, paclobutrazol still influenced plant height, width, and shoot dry weight for Pyracantha but had no effect on Juniperus. As rate of application increased, fruit retention on Pyracantha increased. Paclobutrazol applied as a container medium drench at 5 mg a.i./pot was excessive during nursery production of Pyracantha and Juniperus. Chemical name used: [(2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-yl)penten-3-ol] (paclobutrazol).

scholarly journals Pre-transplant Root Ball Condition Influences Growth of Plumbago During Establishment

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeep Vyapari ◽  
S.M. Scheiber ◽  
E.L. Thralls
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Canopy Size

Three root ball conditions—nonroot-bound (NRB), root-bound (RB), and root-bound sliced (RBS)—were evaluated for their effect on plant growth of plumbago (Plumbago auriculata) during establishment and postestablishment in the landscape. At transplant, NRB plants were smaller than other treatments. Canopy size, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and total biomass growth rates were faster for NRB plants compared with RB or RBS. By 6 and 8 weeks after transplanting, respectively, biomass and canopy size were similar among treatments. Rootbound and RBS plants were similar indicating root ball slicing does not affect growth in the landscape.

Effect of Rhizobium inoculation to nodulation and growth of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Germplasm

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakka Samudin ◽  
Heru Kuswantoro
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Inoculation Treatment

Nitrogen is an important macronutrient mineral that is needed in the largest amount by the plant and is the main limiting factor for plant development. Rhizobium is a group of bacteria capable of providing nutrients for soybean crops. When symbiotic with legume crops, this group of bacteria is able to infect plant roots and form root nodules. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Rhizobium on nodulation and growth of some soybean germplasm. The results showed no interaction between the inoculation treatment and the genotype. The significant effect of inoculation was shown by the number of nodules, nodule dry weight, root length, and root dry weight. Inoculation did not affect plant height and shoot dry weight. These traits were more influenced by genetic factors. In the condition without inoculation, the root length was higher but the root dry weight was lower. Plant height differed between the genotypes. KPT5 and KPT6 showed the highest plant height than any other genotypes. Both genotypes also had the highest shoot dry weight. The highest shoot dry weight was also achieved by KPT4.

scholarly journals Growth of tomato seedlings in substrates containing a nanocomposite hydrogel with calcium montmorillonite (NC-MMt)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Raphael AC Melo ◽  
Marçal HA Jorge ◽  
Adriel Bortolin ◽  
Leonardo S Boiteux ◽  
Caue R Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Nanocomposite Hydrogel ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The correct use of hydrogels in some situations can increase seedling survival rates, plant growth, and the water-retention capacity of the growing medium. A technique for the production of a nanocomposite hydrogel using calcium montmorillonite (NC-MMt) was recently developed. However, additional research is necessary in order to validate this innovative input, particularly for the production of vegetable crops seedlings. In this context, the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth and development of seedlings, tomato hybrid ‘BRS Nagai’, in substrates containing different amendments of hydrogel NC-MMt. The trial was conducted in a 3x3 factorial arranged in a complete randomized blocks design, with three replications. Three substrates (peat moss, pine bark, and coconut peat) corresponded to the first factor and three rates of the NC-MMt hydrogel (0%= R1, 1.5%= R2 and 2.0%= R3, on a w/w basis) corresponded to the second factor. Each plot was composed of 16 plants that were assessed after three weeks. Overall, peat moss-based and pine bark-based substrates resulted in higher values for most of the analyzed traits: plant emergency percentage, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, plant height/shoot dry weight ratio, root dry weight, shoot dry weight/root dry weight ratio and the Dickinson Quality Index. Rates of NC-MMt hydrogel displayed significant responses only to root superficial area and root volume. NC-MMt hydrogel amendment (mainly 1.5%) combined with specific substrates (mainly peat moss-based substrate) was able to improve the growth of ‘BRS Nagai’ tomato seedlings, with no observed toxic effects.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. on Seed Germination and Growth Parameters of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
O. S. Olubode ◽  
D. O. Ayoola
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Phytotoxicity of wild plants is sometimes utilized in the control of weeds. Their effects on crops are however not extensively documented. Effects of aqueous extracts of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. were thus examined on seeds and seedlings of maize. Two experiments were laid out in complete randomized designs (CRD) and replicated five times. Ten seeds of maize were initially placed in separate petri-dishes and moistened daily with two (2) ml water extracts of different parts of Olax sp. while 2 ml of distilled water served as control. Secondly, maize seedlings growing on top soil in experimental pots were treated with 100 ml of extracts at seven days intervals for eight weeks. Data were collected on number of germinated seeds daily, and lengths of five randomly selected plumules and radicles at 7 days after sowing (DAS). Number of leaves, plant height, root dry weight and shoot dry weight of seedling were measured using standard methods. Analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test were conducted to statistically determine significant means at P=0.05. Mean germination of (0.71±0.00) was observed at 2 DAS and 2.81±0.10 at 7 DAS. Leaf extracts significantly reduced germinability, but significantly increased number of leaves, plant height (26±1.28), root dry weight (10.30±3.24) and shoot dry weight (14.99±2.13). The results showed that Olax subscorpioidea has alloallelopathic (phytotoxic) effects on maize seeds, but stimulated growth of maize seedlings. Its use as a bio-herbicide or growth stimulant in should be well-timed.

scholarly journals Growth and Production of Determinate and Indeterminate Soybean (Glycine max L.) Influenced by Salinity Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Danang Adriansyah ◽  
Karno ◽  
Florentina Kusmiyati
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Types ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Pod Number

This research was aimed to determine growth and production of two different growth types of soybean (Glycine max L.) influenced by salinity stress at various levels. This research used Factorial Design based on Completely Randomized Design 2x4 with ten replications. Two soybean growth types were used as the first factor (G1 = Determinate ; G2 = Indeterminate). The second factor was the various levels of soil salinity (S0 = 0.42 dS∙m-1; S1 = 2.93 dS∙m-1; S2 = 4.74 dS∙m-1; S3 = 6.03 dS∙m-1). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and tested further using Tukey’s Honestly Significant Differences (HSD). Parameters observed were plant height (cm), shoot weight (g), shoot dry weight (g), root length (cm), root weight (g), root dry weight (g), and total pod number. Results showed that indeterminate soybean is the best growth type to be planted in salinity stress based on plant height, shoot weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root weight, root dry weight, and total pod number, significantly different from determinate soybean. Salinity stress under 2.93 dS∙m-1 had the better results in plant height, root weight, and root dry weight.

scholarly journals Fertilizer Rate and Pot-In-Pot Production Increase Growth of Heritage River Birch

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratios

Abstract A study was conducted to compare the effects of three fertilizer rates [High N Southern Formula, 23N–1.7P–6.6K (23–4–8) at 1.3, 1.7, and 2.0 kg N/m3 (2.2, 2.8, and 3.4 lb N/yd3)] and two production systems [pot-in-pot (PIP) or conventional above-ground (CAG)] on the growth of Heritage river birch (Betula nigra L. ‘Cully’) in 26 liter (#7) containers. Plants grown PIP had greater shoot dry weight (20%), root dry weight (31%), total biomass (27%) and root:shoot ratios (12%). Increasing fertilizer rates increased shoot dry weights but decreased root:shoot ratios. Rate of fertilizer application influenced foliar Mg, Zn, and Fe while production system had no effect. The foliar P:Zn ratio increased linearly as rate of fertilizer increased. Soluble salts and NO3-N in the leachate increased linearly as rate of fertilizer increased at 15 and 60 days after application (DAA), whereas the response was curvilinear at 120 DAA. When different, nutrient concentrations in the leachate were greater for plants grown CAG. Fertilizer longevity based on prill analysis was greater when the PIP system was used, presumably due to lower substrate temperatures during the experimental period.

Rate of Fertilizer Application and Pot-in-Pot Production Increase Growth of Heritage River Birch

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 515d-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
Substrate Temperatures ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratios

A study was conducted to compare the effects of three rates of fertilizer (High N–Southern Formula, 23N–1.7P–6.6K at 1.3, 1.7, and 2.0 kg N/m3) and two production systems [pot-in-pot (PIP) or conventional above-ground (CAG)] on the growth of Heritage river birch (Betula nigra L. `Cully') in 26 L (#7) containers. Plants grown PIP had higher shoot dry weight (20%), root dry weight (31%), total biomass (27%) and root:shoot ratios (12%). Fertilizer rate increased shoot dry weights but decreased root:shoot ratios. Rate of fertilizer application influenced foliar Mg, Zn, and Fe while production system had no effect. The foliar P:Zn ratio increased linearly as rate of fertilizer increased. Soluble salts and NO3-N in the leachate increased linearly as rate of fertilizer increased at 15 and 60 days after application (DAA), whereas the response was curvilinear at 120 DAA. When different, nutrient concentrations in the leachate were greater for plants grown CAG. Fertilizer longevity was greater when the PIP system was used, presumably due to lower substrate temperatures during the experiment period.

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