scholarly journals Production System and Copper Hydroxide Influences on Growth and Photosynthesis of Magnolia grandiflora `St. Mary'

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 795A-795
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Aboveground Production ◽  
Growth Production

A study was conducted with Magnolia grandiflora `St. Mary' to evaluate the effects of a pot-in-pot production system compared to a conventional aboveground production system and containers treated with or without copper hydroxide (Spin Out™). At 4 and 12 months after beginning the study, plants grown pot-in-pot were taller than plants in the conventional system. Stem diameters of plants grown pot-in-pot were also larger at 12 months. Production system influenced root dry weight in the outer 50% of the container, total root dry weight, percent root dry weight in the inner 50% of the container, percent root dry weight in the outer 50% of the container, and total biomass. Production system had no effect on shoot dry weight. Treatment with copper hydroxide had no effect on root or shoot growth. Production system and copper treatment influenced degree of root coverage. Plants grown pot-in-pot had higher rates of Ps and gs with increased Ci levels compared to plants above-ground. Production system had no effect on calculated transpiration rates.

scholarly journals 354 REDUCING ROOTING-OUT PROBLEMS IN POT-IN-POT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 481d-481
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

A study was conducted with Lagerstroemia indica x fauriei `Acom a' to evaluate methods for reducing rooting-out problems in a PIP production system. The products tested were Biobarrier™, a geotextile fabric impregnated with trifluralin; Root Control'” fabric bag material; and Spin Out™, a commercial formulation of copper hydroxide (7.1%) in latex paint. Biobarrier™ reduced plant height, shoot dry weight, percent root dry weight outside of the planted container and total biomass compared to the non-treated control. For the control, 7.1% of the total root dry weight was found between the holder pot and planted container compared to 0.2% for the Biobarrier™ treatment. When the holder pot and planted container or the planted container and Root Control™ fabric were both treated with Spin Out™, plant height and shoot dry weight were reduced. Spin Out™ reduced root circling on the sidewalls of the planted containers but not on the bottom of the containers. All treatments except the control reduced rooting-out to a degree that allowed for the manual harvesting of the planted container from the holder pot after seven months in the field.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Control Strategies for Reducing Rooting-Out Problems in Pot-In-Pot Production Systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Research has shown that a problem in pot-in-pot (PIP) production systems has been the growth of roots out of the planted container, through holes in the holder pot and into the surrounding soil. A study was conducted with Lagerstroemia indica x fauriei ‘Acoma’ to evaluate methods for reducing rooting-out problems in a PIP production system. The products tested were Biobarrier™, a geotextile fabric impregnated with trifluralin; Root Control™ fabric bag material; and Spin Out™, a commercial formulation of copper hydroxide (7.1%) in latex paint. Biobarrier™ reduced plant height, shoot dry weight, percent root dry weight outside of the planted container and total biomass compared to the non-treated control. For the control, 7.1% of the total root dry weight was found between the holder pot and planted container compared to 0.2% for the Biobarrier™ treatment. When the holder pot and planted container or the planted container and Root Control™ fabric were both treated with Spin Out™, plant height and shoot dry weight were reduced. Spin Out™ reduced root circling on the sidewalls of the planted containers but not on the bottom of the containers. All treatments except the control reduced rooting-out to a degree which allowed for the manual harvesting of the planted container from the holder pot after seven months in the field.

scholarly journals Pot-In-Pot Production and Cyclic Irrigation Influence Growth and Irrigation Efficiency of ‘Okame’ Cherries

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Production System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratio ◽  
Irrigation Application ◽  
Application Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Daily Water

Abstract A study was conducted with Prunus x incamp ‘Okame’ to evaluate the effects of a pot-in-pot production system (PIP) compared to a conventional above-ground system (CAG) and cyclic irrigation on plant growth and water loss. Plants were grown in #7 (26 liter) containers with a pinebark: sand (8:1 by vol) substrate. Cyclic irrigation provided the same total volume of water, but was applied one, three, or four times per day. Final plant height and stem diameter, shoot and root dry weight, total biomass, and root:shoot ratio all increased for plants grown pot-in-pot compared to above-ground. Multiple irrigation cycles increased stem diameter, shoot dry weight and total biomass compared to a single irrigation application. Multiple irrigation cycles also decreased the root:shoot ratio. Mean daily water loss (plant transpiration + evaporative loss from the substrate) was influenced by production system, irrigation, and date. Mean daily water loss was 30% higher for pot-in-pot grown plants compared to above-ground. Cyclic irrigation resulted in a two-fold decrease in average leachate volume and a 27% increase in overall irrigation application efficiency compared to a single application. Production system had no affect on leachate volume or irrigation application efficiency. Substrate pH increased when cyclic irrigation was used. Production system and irrigation had no affect on soluble salts. Nitrate-N concentrations were less in the leachate of plants grown pot-in-pot compared to above-ground.

scholarly journals Pot-in-pot Production and Cyclic Irrigation Influences Growth and Evapotranspiration of `Okame' Cherry

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 546B-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Production System ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratio ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Ground System

A study was conducted with Prunus × incamp `Okame' to evaluate the effects of a pot-in-pot production system compared to a conventional above-ground system and cyclic irrigation on plant growth and water loss. Plants were grown in #7 (26-L) containers with a 8:1 pinebark:sand (v/v) substrate. Cyclic irrigation provided the same total volume of water, but was applied one, three, or four times per day. Final plant height and stem diameter, shoot and root dry weight, total biomass, and root:shoot ratio were all increased for plants grown pot-in-pot compared to above-ground. Multiple irrigation cycles increased stem diameter, shoot dry weight, and total biomass, compared to a single irrigation application. Multiple irrigation cycles decreased the root:shoot ratio. Evapotranspiration was influenced by production system, irrigation, and date. Amount of water lost as leachate was influenced by irrigation and date. Cyclic irrigation resulted in a two-fold decrease in leachate volume. Soluble salts and nitrate-nitrogen in the leachate were influenced by an interaction between production system, irrigation, and date.

scholarly journals Pre-transplant Root Ball Condition Influences Growth of Plumbago During Establishment

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeep Vyapari ◽  
S.M. Scheiber ◽  
E.L. Thralls
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Canopy Size

Three root ball conditions—nonroot-bound (NRB), root-bound (RB), and root-bound sliced (RBS)—were evaluated for their effect on plant growth of plumbago (Plumbago auriculata) during establishment and postestablishment in the landscape. At transplant, NRB plants were smaller than other treatments. Canopy size, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and total biomass growth rates were faster for NRB plants compared with RB or RBS. By 6 and 8 weeks after transplanting, respectively, biomass and canopy size were similar among treatments. Rootbound and RBS plants were similar indicating root ball slicing does not affect growth in the landscape.

scholarly journals Growth and Landscape Establishment of Pyracantha and Juniperus after Application of Paclobutrazol

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1318-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Juniperus Chinensis ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Landscape Establishment

The long-term effects of paclobutrazol applied to container-grown `Mojave' pyracantha (Pyracantha ×) and `San Jose' juniper (Juniperus chinensis L.) were investigated. Paclobutrazol was applied as a drench to container-grown (2.8 liter) plants at the rates of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg a.i./pot in June 1991, and plants were transplanted to the field in Feb. 1992. Pyracantha plant height, shoot and root dry weight, and total biomass (shoot dry weight + root dry weight) decreased quadratically as rate of paclobutrazol increased during nursery production. Paclobutrazol had no effect on plant height or shoot dry weight of Juniperus, although width indices were reduced. Ratings for root quality for Juniperus in containers increased as rate of paclobutrazol increased. After 9 months in the landscape, paclobutrazol still influenced plant height, width, and shoot dry weight for Pyracantha but had no effect on Juniperus. As rate of application increased, fruit retention on Pyracantha increased. Paclobutrazol applied as a container medium drench at 5 mg a.i./pot was excessive during nursery production of Pyracantha and Juniperus. Chemical name used: [(2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-yl)penten-3-ol] (paclobutrazol).

scholarly journals Biomasa kultivara engleskog ljulja zasijanih nakon 5 godišnjeg skladištenja sjemena na različitim temperaturama

Sjemenarstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Goran Herman ◽  
Gordana Bukvić ◽  
Dario Iljkić ◽  
Manda Antunović ◽  
Vlado Guberac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Substrate Moisture ◽  
Whole Plants

Seeds of two perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars (diploid ‘Bartwingo’ and tetraploid ‘Calibra’) were stored in hermetically sealed glass jars at four different temperatures (-80, -20, 10 and 20°C) for five years. After the storage period the seeds were sowed in containers filled with commercial substrate. Initial growth and development occurred under natural sunlight and manual watering to maintain optimum substrate moisture. After 60 days of vegetation plants were taken from the substrate, developed plants were counted, their roots were washed and whole plants were measured for shoot and root dry-weight and total biomass.Stems and leaves per plant were counted too. The research has revealed significant effects (p<0.01) of storage temperature, cultivar and their interaction to all of the investigated traits. When averaged over cultivars the highest values were observed upon storage temperature of -20°C for all the traits except root dry-weight which did not differ between -20 and -80°C. The lowest values of all investigated traits were observed upon storage at 20°C. When averaged over storage temperatures, diploid cultivar had greater number of stems and leaves and the tetraploid one had greater root dry-weight, shoot dry-weight and total biomass.

The effect of barley yellow dwarf virus on early plant growth in ryegrass (Lolium spp.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Eagling ◽  
RJ Sward ◽  
GM Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Measurements were made on the effect of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) infection on the early growth of four commercial cultivars of ryegrass (Lolium spp.) under two different temperatures (24�C and 16�C). At 24'C, BYDV infection was associated with reduced root dry weight (30-40%) in all cultivars; the effect of infection on shoot dry weight and leaf area was variable. At 16�C, the effect of BYDV infection was variable, being associated with increases in root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and leaf area in one cultivar (Grasslands Ariki) and decreases in another (Victorian). In two other cultivars, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and leaf area were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by infection with BYDV.At 24�C, the reductions in root dry weight associated with BYDV infection were not concomitant with reductions in the root relative growth rates. Up to at least 28 days after inoculation (46-50 days after germination) reductions in root dry weight were associated with both aphid-feeding damage and virus infection. Experiments with the cultivar Victorian, showed that shoot dry weight was not significantly affected (P>0.05) by feeding with viruliferous (BYDV) or non-viruliferous aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi L.). At 16�C, changes in root and shoot dry weight were associated with changes in the root and shoot relative growth rates.

Natural variation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for root traitsand biomass partitioning under drought

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvaze A. Sofi ◽  
Iram Saba
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

The present study was undertaken to assess the response of common bean under drought in respect of root traits and biomass partitioning in fifteen common bean genotypes. The basal root whorl number and the number of basal roots was highest in case of WB-185 and lowest in case of SR-1, whereas, the basal root growth angle was highest in case of WB-258 and lowest in case of WB-249. Rooting depth measured as the length of longest root harvested was highest in case of WB-6 (66.2) while as lowest value was recorded for WB-112 (20.4). Dry root weight was highest in case of WB-216 (0.45) and lowest value was recorded for WB-341 (0.22). Similarly leaf biomass was highest in case of WB-6 (0.58) followed by WB-216 (0.58) and the lowest value recorded for WB-1186 (0.12). Shoot dry weight was highest for WB-6 (0.55) followed by WB-216 (0.44) and the lowest value recorded for WB-1186 (0.118). Pod dry weight was highest for WB-489 (2.28) followed by WB-216 (2.19) and the lowest value recorded for WB-83 (0.68).489. Root biomass proportion was highest for WB-195 (18.34) and lowest for WB-489 (10.00). Similarly leaf biomass to total biomass was highest in case of WB-83 (23.19) whereas lowest value was recorded for WB-1186 (7.60). Highest stem biomass proportion was recorded for Arka Anoop (19.19) and the lowest value was recorded for WB-1186 (7.591). Biomass allocation to pods was highest in case of WB-489 (69.92) followed by WB-1186 (68.69) whereas lowest value was recorded for WB-83 (45.40).

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, or Magnesium Deficiency on Growth and Photosynthesis of Eustoma

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Tsern Chen ◽  
Ching-Lung Lee ◽  
Der-Ming Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Growth and photosynthetic parameters were measured in Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. ‘Umihonoka’ grown hydroponically under nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), or magnesium (Mg) deficiency in 1/2 strength of modified Johnson’s solution. Plant height, node number, and leaf area were all reduced under N, P, K, and Ca deficiencies but not under Mg deficiency as compared with plants grown in the complete nutrient solution. Shoot and root dry weight were reduced in the N-, P-, K-, and Ca-deficient treatments, whereas root but not shoot dry weight was lowered by Mg-deficient treatment. Shoot-to-root dry weight ratio decreased under N and P deficiencies, increased under K and Mg deficiency, but was not altered under Ca deficiency. Decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of N-, P-, and K-deficient leaves was all related to lower stomatal conductance (gS), whereas N-deficient leaves also accompanied by a higher intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci). The Mg-deficient treatment did not alter chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, maximal fluorescence (Fm), or minimal fluorescence (Fo). Decreased Fv/Fm of N-, P-, K-, and Ca-deficient leaves was all related to lower Fm, whereas N- and P-deficient leaves also accompanied by lower Fo. A key was developed for the identification of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg deficiency symptoms.

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