scholarly journals PROPOSED METHODOLOGY FOR BREEDING SOUTHERNPEA CULTIVARS WITH PERSISTENT GREEN SEED COLOR

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 728b-728
Author(s):  
R. L. Fery ◽  
P. D. Dukes
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Green Seed ◽  
Green Cotyledon ◽  
Selection Methodology

The results of recently completed genetic studies indicate that the green cotyledon trait exhibited by the southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivar Bettergreen is conditioned by a single recessive gene. This gene, designated green cotyledon and symbolized gc, is neither allelic to nor linked with the gt gene that conditions the green testa trait exhibited by the cultivar Freezegreen. The color of seeds harvested from plants homozygous for both the gc and gt genes is superior and more uniform than the color of seeds harvested from either Better-green or Freezegreen plants. This observation suggests that efforts should be initiated to study the feasibility of using both the gc and gt genes to develop cultivars that produce seed with an enhanced, persistent green color. The selection methodology for both seed traits is rapid and reliable. The green cotyledon trait can be selected in the seed stage.

scholarly journals 062 Development of Southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Cultivars with an Enhanced Persistent Green Seed Phenotype

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 399B-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Fery ◽  
J.A. Thies
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Frozen Food ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Green Seed ◽  
Green Cotyledon ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Seed Phenotype ◽  
The U.S

The development of southernpea cultivars with a persistent green seed color has been the subject of much interest in the U.S. horticultural industry for more than two decades because seeds of such cultivars can be harvested at the dry seed stage of maturity without loss of their fresh green color. Two genes, gt (green testa) and gc (green cotyledon), are known that condition a persistent green seed color in southernpea. The gt gene was identified more than 25 years ago, but cultivars containing this gene have not been well-accepted by the industry because of the frequent occurrence of discolored (brown stains) seeds. Cultivars containing the more recently discovered gc gene, however, do not produce the discolored seeds and are used extensively in the frozen food industry. Efforts to develop cream-, blackeye-, and pinkeye-types of cultivars containing both the gt and gc genes are nearing completion. The dry seeds harvested from candidate cultivars homozygous for both the gt and gc genes are stain free and exhibit a deeper and more uniform green color than seeds harvested from cultivars homozygous for just one of the genes. It is anticipated that newer cultivars containing both of the genes that condition a persistent green seed color will not only have an enhanced value to the frozen food industry, but will also have great potential for use in the dry pack industry.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of the Green Cotyledon Trait in Southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1054-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery ◽  
Philip D. Dukes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Green Cotyledon ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
The Cross

A series of greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the inheritance of the green cotyledon trait exhibited by the recently released southernpea `Bettergreen' and to elucidate the genetic relationship between the green cotyledon trait and the green testa trait exhibited by `Freezegreen'. Evaluation of parental, F1, F2, and backcross populations of the crosses `Bettergreen' × `Carolina Cream' and `Bettergreen' × `Kiawah' indicated that the green cotyledon trait is conditioned by a single recessive gene. Evaluation of parental and F2 populations of the cross `Bettergreen' × `Freezegreen' indicated that this gene is neither allelic to nor linked with the gt gene that conditions the green testa trait in `Freezegreen'. The color of seeds harvested from plants homozygous for both the green cotyledon and green testa genes was superior and more uniform than the color of seeds harvested from either `Bettergreen' or `Freezegreen' plants. We propose that the newly discovered gene be designated green cotyledon and symbolized gc. Seeds containing embryos homozygous for the gc gene are easily identified. The ability to select in the seed stage should greatly facilitate efforts to backcross the gc gene into cream-, pinkeye-, and blackeye-type cultivars.

THE INHERITANCE AND HISTOLOGY OF A CHLOROPHYLL-DEFICIENT CHARACTER IN MEDICAGO SATIVA L.

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Childers ◽  
H. A. McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Continuous Layer ◽  
Mesophyll Tissue ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Chlorophyll Production ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Palisade Cells

Further support for tetrasomic inheritance in alfalfa was shown from genetic studies of a chlorophyll-deficient seedling character. The character was determined by a single recessive gene for which the symbol Viridis-1 or v1 is proposed. At the mature-plant stage, low and intermediate classes for chlorophyll production were observed. Histological examination and chlorophyll analyses confirmed this classification. The low-chlorophyll-producing class was characterized by a lack of plastids in the leaf blades although some plastids occurred in mesophyll tissue around the midrib. The intermediate chlorophyll-deficient class was characterized by yellowish-green leaf blades, associated with colorless palisade cells that overlay a single continuous layer of mesophyll cells in which the plastids were well developed.

SINGLE GENE CONTROL OF SEED COLOR AND HYPOCOTYL COLOR IN TURNIP RAPE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. HAWK
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Turnip Rape

The association between hypocotyl color and seed color in turnip rape (Brassica campestris L.) was investigated in crosses of a green hypocotyl, yellow-seeded stock with an early flowering wild-type stock and the Torch cultivar. A complete association was noted between seed color and hypocotyl color. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that a single recessive gene may block pigment production in both hypocotyl and seed. The relevance of this information for breeding yellow-seeded turnip rape cultivars is discussed.

scholarly journals (258) GreenPack-DG, a Pinkeye-type Southernpea with an Enhanced Persistent Green Seed Phenotype

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073C-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Frozen Food ◽  
Green Seed ◽  
Green Cotyledon ◽  
Variety Protection ◽  
Blackeye Cowpea Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Phenotype

The USDA–ARS has released a new pinkeye-type southernpea cultivar named GreenPack-DG. GreenPack-DG is the first pinkeye-type southernpea to be released that has a persistent green seed phenotype conditioned by both the green cotyledon gene (gc) and the green testa (gt) gene. The new cultivar was developed from a cross between Charleston Greenpack (green cotyledon phenotype) and the breeding line USVL 97-296 (green testa phenotype). Except for longer pods, GreenPack-DG is similar in appearance and maturity to Charleston Greenpack. Dry GreenPack-DG seeds have a richer and more-uniform green seed color than dry seeds of Charleston Greenpack. GreenPack-DG seeds are much less susceptible to color loss due to blanching when harvest is delayed than are seeds of green-cotyledon cultivars such as Charleston Greenpack. Color loss is a critical problem in production systems where preharvest desiccants are used to facilitate mechanical harvesting operations. The 7-day delay between application of the desiccant and initiation of harvesting operations can result in serious color degradation. Results of 3 years of replicated field tests at Charleston, S.C., indicate that GreenPack-DG yields are comparable to Charleston Greenpack yields. The new cultivar has excellent field resistance to blackeye cowpea mosaic virus and does not produce hard seeds. GreenPack-DG is recommended for trial by the frozen food industry as a replacement for Charleston Greenpack. Protection for GreenPack-DG is being sought under the Plant Variety Protection Act.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTHERNPEA CULTIVARS WITH GREEN COTYLEDON PHENOTYPES

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 761f-762
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Green Cotyledon ◽  
Embryo Stage

A breeding program was initiated in 1990 to develop cream-, blackeye-, and pinkeye-type southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)] cultivars homozygous for the gc gene conditioning green cotyledons. The green cotyledon trait allows harvest at the near-dry seed stage of maturity without loss of the seed's fresh green color. The ability to select for the gc gene in the embryo stage greatly facilitated its use in breeding programs, and the development of advanced breeding lines has proceeded at an accelerated rate. Sixteen F9 and 15 F10 breedinglines homozygous at the gc locus were available for preliminary field testing in 1995. The results of this field testing indicate that the efforts to incorporate the gc gene into elite horticultural germplasm have been successful. More importantly, the results of tests conducted with seed harvested at the dry stage of maturity indicate that several of the lines should produce an excellent processed product.

scholarly journals `Charleston Greenpack': A New, Blackeye Cowpea Mosaic Virus-resistant, Pinkeye-type Southernpea with Green Cotyledons

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 594c-594
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Cowpea Mosaic Virus ◽  
Product Evaluations ◽  
Green Seed ◽  
Green Cotyledon ◽  
Blackeye Cowpea Mosaic Virus

The USDA has released a new, pinkeye-type southernpea cultivar that is homozygous for the gc gene conditioning the green cotyledon trait. The new cultivar, `Charleston Greenpack', can be harvested at the near-dry stage of pod maturity without loss of the pea's fresh green color. `Charleston Greenpack' originated as a bulk of an F8 [`Kiawah' × (`Kiawah' × `Bettergreen')] population grown in 1994. Except for the green seed color, a tendency for a slightly greener foliage, and a slightly smaller pea size, the phenotype of `Charleston Greenpack' is quite similar to those of `Coronet' and `Pinkeye Purple Hull-BVR'. The results of replicated field tests indicate that `Charleston Greenpack' yields are comparable to those of `Coronet' and `Pinkeye Purple Hull-BVR'. Results of raw product evaluations conducted at a commercial freezing facility indicate that `Charleston Greenpack' produces an excellent processed product. `Charleston Greenpack' has excellent field resistance to blackeye cowpea mosaic virus, the major pathogen of southernpea in the United States.

scholarly journals A new allele of the lpr locus, lprcg, that complements the gld gene in induction of lymphadenopathy in the mouse.

1990 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Matsuzawa ◽  
T Moriyama ◽  
T Kaneko ◽  
M Tanaka ◽  
M Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Lymphoid Hyperplasia ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Autoantibody Production ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Generalized Lymphadenopathy

Several mice with generalized lymphadenopathy were found in the CBA/KlJms (CBA) colony maintained at our institute. A new mutant strain of mice that develop massive lymphoid hyperplasia at 100% incidence within 5 mo after birth was established by crossing these diseased mice. Genetic studies on lymphadenopathy were conducted in F1, F2, and backcross populations from crosses between mutant CBA (CBA-m) and various inbred strains of mice. The results supported the control of lymphadenopathy by a single autosomal recessive gene. Since C3H/He-gld/gld (C3H-gld), MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr (MRL-lpr), and C3H/HeJ-lpr/lpr (C3H-lpr) mice develop the same type of lymphoid hyperplasia, allelism of the mutant gene with gld or lpr was tested by investigating lymphadenopathy in F1 and backcross populations from crosses between CBA-m and C3H-gld, MRL-lpr, or C3H-lpr mice. The gene was confirmed to be allelic with lpr but not with gld. Interestingly, however, the mutant gene interacted with gld to induce less severe lymphadenopathy. Thus, the mutant gene was named lprcg, an lpr gene complementing gld in induction of lymphoproliferation. The genetic conclusion was supported by the same profile of surface markers of lymphoid cells with gld/gld, lpr/lpr, lprcg/lprcg, lprcg/lpr, and +/gld +/lprcg genotypes, as well as by massive lymph node hyperplasia and high titers of autoantibodies in the first four genotypes, but slight hyperplasia and insignificant autoantibody production in the last. The discovery of lprcg provided strong genetic evidence for the parallels between anomalous phenotypes of gld and lpr, and CBA/KlJms-lprcg/lprcg mice will contribute to elucidation of the mechanism of induction of the same abnormal differentiation and functions of lymphocytes by gld and lpr.

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