scholarly journals 062 Development of Southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Cultivars with an Enhanced Persistent Green Seed Phenotype

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 399B-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Fery ◽  
J.A. Thies
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Frozen Food ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Green Seed ◽  
Green Cotyledon ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Seed Phenotype ◽  
The U.S

The development of southernpea cultivars with a persistent green seed color has been the subject of much interest in the U.S. horticultural industry for more than two decades because seeds of such cultivars can be harvested at the dry seed stage of maturity without loss of their fresh green color. Two genes, gt (green testa) and gc (green cotyledon), are known that condition a persistent green seed color in southernpea. The gt gene was identified more than 25 years ago, but cultivars containing this gene have not been well-accepted by the industry because of the frequent occurrence of discolored (brown stains) seeds. Cultivars containing the more recently discovered gc gene, however, do not produce the discolored seeds and are used extensively in the frozen food industry. Efforts to develop cream-, blackeye-, and pinkeye-types of cultivars containing both the gt and gc genes are nearing completion. The dry seeds harvested from candidate cultivars homozygous for both the gt and gc genes are stain free and exhibit a deeper and more uniform green color than seeds harvested from cultivars homozygous for just one of the genes. It is anticipated that newer cultivars containing both of the genes that condition a persistent green seed color will not only have an enhanced value to the frozen food industry, but will also have great potential for use in the dry pack industry.

scholarly journals PROPOSED METHODOLOGY FOR BREEDING SOUTHERNPEA CULTIVARS WITH PERSISTENT GREEN SEED COLOR

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 728b-728
Author(s):  
R. L. Fery ◽  
P. D. Dukes
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Green Seed ◽  
Green Cotyledon ◽  
Selection Methodology

The results of recently completed genetic studies indicate that the green cotyledon trait exhibited by the southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivar Bettergreen is conditioned by a single recessive gene. This gene, designated green cotyledon and symbolized gc, is neither allelic to nor linked with the gt gene that conditions the green testa trait exhibited by the cultivar Freezegreen. The color of seeds harvested from plants homozygous for both the gc and gt genes is superior and more uniform than the color of seeds harvested from either Better-green or Freezegreen plants. This observation suggests that efforts should be initiated to study the feasibility of using both the gc and gt genes to develop cultivars that produce seed with an enhanced, persistent green color. The selection methodology for both seed traits is rapid and reliable. The green cotyledon trait can be selected in the seed stage.

scholarly journals (258) GreenPack-DG, a Pinkeye-type Southernpea with an Enhanced Persistent Green Seed Phenotype

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073C-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Frozen Food ◽  
Green Seed ◽  
Green Cotyledon ◽  
Variety Protection ◽  
Blackeye Cowpea Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Phenotype

The USDA–ARS has released a new pinkeye-type southernpea cultivar named GreenPack-DG. GreenPack-DG is the first pinkeye-type southernpea to be released that has a persistent green seed phenotype conditioned by both the green cotyledon gene (gc) and the green testa (gt) gene. The new cultivar was developed from a cross between Charleston Greenpack (green cotyledon phenotype) and the breeding line USVL 97-296 (green testa phenotype). Except for longer pods, GreenPack-DG is similar in appearance and maturity to Charleston Greenpack. Dry GreenPack-DG seeds have a richer and more-uniform green seed color than dry seeds of Charleston Greenpack. GreenPack-DG seeds are much less susceptible to color loss due to blanching when harvest is delayed than are seeds of green-cotyledon cultivars such as Charleston Greenpack. Color loss is a critical problem in production systems where preharvest desiccants are used to facilitate mechanical harvesting operations. The 7-day delay between application of the desiccant and initiation of harvesting operations can result in serious color degradation. Results of 3 years of replicated field tests at Charleston, S.C., indicate that GreenPack-DG yields are comparable to Charleston Greenpack yields. The new cultivar has excellent field resistance to blackeye cowpea mosaic virus and does not produce hard seeds. GreenPack-DG is recommended for trial by the frozen food industry as a replacement for Charleston Greenpack. Protection for GreenPack-DG is being sought under the Plant Variety Protection Act.

scholarly journals PROGRESS REPORT: EFFORTS TO DEVELOP PINKEYE-TYPE SOUTHERNPEA CULTIVARS WITH AN ENHANCED PERSISTENT GREEN SEED PHENOTYPE

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 876d-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Frozen Food ◽  
Green Seed ◽  
Green Cotyledon ◽  
Color Degradation ◽  
Blackeye Cowpea Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Phenotype

The USDA has developed four pinkeye-type southernpea candidate cultivars (Experimental designations: US-1090, US-1092, US-1094, and US-1096) that have a persistent green seed phenotype conditioned by both the green cotyledon gene (gc) and the green testa (gt) gene. Each of the candidate cultivars produces dry seeds that have a richer and more uniform green color than seeds of either green cotyledon or green testa phenotype cultivars. Seeds of these candidate cultivars are much less susceptible to color loss due to blanching when harvest is delayed than are seeds of green cotyledon phenotype cultivars. Color loss is a critical problem in production systems where pre-harvest chemical desiccants are used to facilitate mechanical harvesting operations. The 7-day delay between application of the desiccant and initiation of harvesting operations can result in serious color degradation. The results of four 6-replicate field trials indicate that the yield potential of each of the four candidate cultivars is equal to that of the green cotyledon pinkeye-type cultivar Charleston Greenpack. Additionally, each of the candidate cultivars is resistant to blackeye cowpea mosaic virus and do not produce hard seeds that are troublesome to frozen food processors. The seed shape, seed size, and seed eye pattern traits of the candidate cultivars are similar to those of Charleston Greenpack.

scholarly journals Development of a Pinkeye-type Southernpea Cultivar with Green Cotyledons: A Progress Report

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 606E-606
Author(s):  
R.L. Fery
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Green Seed ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Advanced Generation

The development of southernpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars with a persistent green seed color has been the subject of much interest for more than two decades because seeds of such cultivars can potentially be harvested at the near-dry seed stage of maturity without loss of their fresh green color. The success of the cream-type cultivar Bettergreen, which is homozygous for the gc gene conditioning green cotyledons, demonstrated that the development of cultivars with persistent green seed color is feasible. In 1990, an effort was initiated to develop a pinkeye-type southern pea cultivar homozygous for the gc gene. The pinkeye is the major cultivar class of southernpea utilized for processing in the United States. Seeds containing embryos homozygous for the gc gene are easily identified, and this ability to select in the seed stage greatly facilitated the rapid development of advanced breeding lines. More than two dozen advanced generation pinkeye lines with green cotyledons were ready for preliminary field testing in 1995, and seven were selected for detailed evaluation in 1996. Results of the 1996 tests indicate that the gc gene has been successfully incorporated into elite pinkeye germplasm.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTHERNPEA CULTIVARS WITH GREEN COTYLEDON PHENOTYPES

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 761f-762
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Green Cotyledon ◽  
Embryo Stage

A breeding program was initiated in 1990 to develop cream-, blackeye-, and pinkeye-type southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)] cultivars homozygous for the gc gene conditioning green cotyledons. The green cotyledon trait allows harvest at the near-dry seed stage of maturity without loss of the seed's fresh green color. The ability to select for the gc gene in the embryo stage greatly facilitated its use in breeding programs, and the development of advanced breeding lines has proceeded at an accelerated rate. Sixteen F9 and 15 F10 breedinglines homozygous at the gc locus were available for preliminary field testing in 1995. The results of this field testing indicate that the efforts to incorporate the gc gene into elite horticultural germplasm have been successful. More importantly, the results of tests conducted with seed harvested at the dry stage of maturity indicate that several of the lines should produce an excellent processed product.

scholarly journals `Charleston Greenpack': A New, Blackeye Cowpea Mosaic Virus-resistant, Pinkeye-type Southernpea with Green Cotyledons

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 594c-594
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Cowpea Mosaic Virus ◽  
Product Evaluations ◽  
Green Seed ◽  
Green Cotyledon ◽  
Blackeye Cowpea Mosaic Virus

The USDA has released a new, pinkeye-type southernpea cultivar that is homozygous for the gc gene conditioning the green cotyledon trait. The new cultivar, `Charleston Greenpack', can be harvested at the near-dry stage of pod maturity without loss of the pea's fresh green color. `Charleston Greenpack' originated as a bulk of an F8 [`Kiawah' × (`Kiawah' × `Bettergreen')] population grown in 1994. Except for the green seed color, a tendency for a slightly greener foliage, and a slightly smaller pea size, the phenotype of `Charleston Greenpack' is quite similar to those of `Coronet' and `Pinkeye Purple Hull-BVR'. The results of replicated field tests indicate that `Charleston Greenpack' yields are comparable to those of `Coronet' and `Pinkeye Purple Hull-BVR'. Results of raw product evaluations conducted at a commercial freezing facility indicate that `Charleston Greenpack' produces an excellent processed product. `Charleston Greenpack' has excellent field resistance to blackeye cowpea mosaic virus, the major pathogen of southernpea in the United States.

Innovations in Food Production - Status and Directions of Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Barbara Grzybowska
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
New Products ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Product Manufacturing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Storage

This paper characterises the directions of innovative activities undertaken by food industry enterprises concerning the manufacturing of food products. Based on the subject literature and secondary statistical data, the status of food industry innovativeness and areas of innovative activities related to implementation of technological and non-technological innovations are presented. The activities of enterprises focus on manufacturing new products in response to the ever-changing needs and expectations of consumers. In particular, the production of so-called functional food (which seeks to promote health, minimise the risk of specific diseases, improve psychophysical fitness, lose weight, etc.) is increasingly extensive. Manufacturers must also improve the technologies and techniques of product manufacturing, packaging and storage. 

scholarly journals Discovery of a natural cyan blue: A unique food-sourced anthocyanin could replace synthetic brilliant blue

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. eabe7871
Author(s):  
Pamela R. Denish ◽  
Julie-Anne Fenger ◽  
Randall Powers ◽  
Gregory T. Sigurdson ◽  
Luca Grisanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Design ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Enzymatic Transformation ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Subject

The color of food is critical to the food and beverage industries, as it influences many properties beyond eye-pleasing visuals including flavor, safety, and nutritional value. Blue is one of the rarest colors in nature’s food palette—especially a cyan blue—giving scientists few sources for natural blue food colorants. Finding a natural cyan blue dye equivalent to FD&C Blue No. 1 remains an industry-wide challenge and the subject of several research programs worldwide. Computational simulations and large-array spectroscopic techniques were used to determine the 3D chemical structure, color expression, and stability of this previously uncharacterized cyan blue anthocyanin-based colorant. Synthetic biology and computational protein design tools were leveraged to develop an enzymatic transformation of red cabbage anthocyanins into the desired anthocyanin. More broadly, this research demonstrates the power of a multidisciplinary strategy to solve a long-standing challenge in the food industry.

scholarly journals Disintegration process in disc crushers

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vaculík ◽  
J. Maloun ◽  
L. Chládek ◽  
M. Přikryl
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Subject

Grinding or crushing hard raw materials is usually a primary operation which precedes the follow-up technological processes in a number of industrial sectors. A great variety of machines using different principles of fragmentation are employed in the technology of pulverization. The food industry uses roller mills, in which the main process is the shear grinding. In the animal feed industry impact machines known as hammer mills are often used. In recent years, mills have been employed that use their frontal edges for grinding or crushing during the rotation of one of two adjacent discs. The modern design disc machines used for grinding grain have resulted from long development and their operation has a relatively low noise level with reduced dust. The separation process that occurs in the gap between the active edges of the discs can be described as shear grinding and is currently the subject of attention which is focused on the specific energy consumption and fractional composition of the product of grinding.  

Plus ça Change: The 1922 U.S. Congressional Debate on the Balfour Declaration

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Khaled Elgindy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The United States ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Palestinian Arab ◽  
The U.S

This essay looks at the hearing held by the Foreign Affairs Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives in April 1922 on the subject of a Jewish National Home in Palestine, as well as the broader congressional debate over the Balfour Declaration at that crucial time. The landmark hearing, which took place against the backdrop of growing unrest in Palestine and just prior to the League of Nations' formal approval of Britain's Mandate over Palestine, offers a glimpse into the cultural and political mindset underpinning U.S. support for the Zionist project at the time as well as the ways in which the political discourse in the United States has, or has not, changed since then. Despite the overwhelming support for the Zionist project in Congress, which unanimously endorsed Balfour in September 1922, the hearing examined all aspects of the issue and included a remarkably diverse array of viewpoints, including both anti-Zionist Jewish and Palestinian Arab voices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document